Abelmoschus manihot, commonly known as aibika, is a flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is a tropical subshrub or shrub native to the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, central and southern China, Malesia, New Guinea, and Queensland.[2] It is cultivated and eaten as a leaf vegetable, among other uses. It was previously classified as a species of Hibiscus but is now categorized under the genus Abelmoschus. This plant is also referred to as the sunset muskmallow, sunset hibiscus, or hibiscus manihot.
| Abelmoschus manihot | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | Abelmoschus |
| Species: | A. manihot
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| Binomial name | |
| Abelmoschus manihot | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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List
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Growth Habit
editUnder favorable conditions, aibika can grow over three meters in height. It is easily propagated through cuttings and relatively disease-resistant. As a result, it is widely cultivated and often found along garden borders or as an intercrop in traditional tropical gardens. Its growth habit, along with its nutritional value, contributes to its popularity in home gardening and horticulture.[3]
Nutrition and food use
editAibika is renowned for its highly nutritious properties. Its leaves are rich in essential vitamins, including a high content of vitamins A and C, as well as iron. Moreover, they contain approximately 12% protein by dry weight, making aibika a valuable dietary source.
In the Philippines, where it is known as lagikwayamong other names, the leaves are commonly incorporated into various dishes such as tinola, sinigang, pinangat, or used in salads.[4]
In Indonesia, where it is known as daun gedi (gedi leaf), it is used in various dishes, most famously bubur Manado. [5] [6]
Aibika is the most popular and commonly-consumed indigenous green leafy vegetable in Papua New Guinea. [7]
Other uses
editApart from its culinary uses, aibika has additional applications in different cultures. Its mucilage is used in traditional papermaking. In Japan, it is known as tororo aoi and is utilized to produce neri, a starchy substance used in traditional Japanese papermaking (washi). Similarly, in Korea it is referred to as hwang chok kyu and plays a role in making dak pul, an ingredient used in the production of hanji, Korean paper.[citation needed]
Chemical constituents
editA chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis published in China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica revealed the presence of thirteen compounds in aibika. These compounds include myricetin, cannabiscitrin, myricetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, glycerolmonopalmitate, 2, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, guanosine, adenosine, maleic acid, heptatriacontanoic acid, 1-triacontanol, tetracosane, β-Sitosterol, and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside.[8]
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References
edit- ^ Perraki, A. & Plummer, J. (2022). "Abelmoschus manihot". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T123707475A123802091. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T123707475A123802091.en. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ Thaman, R.R. Rural Fiji. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific 1988, p. 41.
- ^ Maghirang, Rodel G. (14 January 2017). "Lagikway, The Perennial Shrub". Agriculture Monthly.
- ^ Manggarayu. "Mengenal, Memilih, dan Mengolah Daun Gedi (Sayor Yondok)". ResepKoki (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ^ Pardede, Dedy Oktavianus (2014-02-13). "Resep Tinutuan Bubur Manado (Menadonese Vegetables Rice Porridge)". Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ^ Rubiang-Yalambing, Lydia (2014). "Aibika (a green leafy vegetable in PNG): Biodiversity and its effect on micronutrient composition". Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ^ Lai, X. Y.; Zhao, Y. Y.; Liang, H. (2006). "Studies on chemical constituents in flower of Abelmoschus manihot". China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 31 (19): 1597–1600. PMID 17165583.
External links
edit- Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. Medicinal Plant Images Database (School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University) (in Chinese) (in English)