Wikipedia

Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)

(Redirected from Airport Line, Guangzhou Metro)

Line 3 of the Guangzhou Metro is a 74.83-kilometer (46.50 mi) rapid transit line connects Haibang to Airport North (Terminal 2). The entire line, including all track and stations, is located in tunnels.[4] Its 67.33 km (41.84 mi) main branch, excluding the 7.5 km (4.66 mi) branch between Tianhe Coach Terminal and Tiyu Xilu, is now the third longest continuous subway tunnel in the world, and the longest rail tunnel of any kind (surpassing the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland).

Line 3
Platform of Tiyu Xilu
Overview
Other name(s)M3 (5 lines plan name)
M6 (7 lines plan name)
M3 (2000 plan name)
Southern-Northern express line (南北快线)
Shiqiao line (市桥线)
Airport line (机场线)
StatusOperational
OwnerCity of Guangzhou
LocalePanyu, Haizhu, Tianhe, Baiyun, and Huadu districts
Guangzhou, Guangdong
Termini
Stations34
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemGuangzhou Metro
Services2
Operator(s)Guangzhou Metro Corporation
Rolling stock120 Siemens Mobility-CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Modular Metro cars[1]
Daily ridership1.318 million (Main Line), 871,400 (Airport Branch) (2019 Avg.)[2]
2.759 million (2019 Main and Airport combined Peak)[3]
History
Opened26 December 2005; 18 years ago (2005-12-26)
Technical
Line length74.83 km (46.50 mi)
Number of tracks2
CharacterUnderground
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
ElectrificationOverhead lines, 1,500 V DC
Operating speed120 km/h (75 mph)
Route map

Legend
 Airport North (Terminal 2)
Airport South (Terminal 1)
 9  Left arrow to Fei'eling
 Gaozeng
 9 
connection to Line 9
 Renhe
Liuxi River
 Longgui
 14  Right arrow to Dongfeng/Zhenlong
Jiahe Depot
Jiahewanggang
 2   14 
 14  Down arrow to Guangzhou Railway Station
 2  Down arrow to Guangzhou South Railway Station
 Baiyundadaobei
Yongtai
Tonghe
Jingxi Nanfang Hospital
Meihuayuan
 6  Right arrow to Xiangxue
 Tianhe Coach Terminal
Bus interchange
 6 
 Yantang
 6 
 6  Left arrow to Xunfenggang
branch line (After 2026  10 )
Right arrow Guangshen railway
 South China Normal University
 11 
 11  Right arrow clockwise
 Gangding
Shipaiqiao
Left arrow to Guangzhou Railway Station
 Guangzhou East Railway Station
China Railway  1   11 
 11  Left arrow anti-clockwise
 Linhexi
 APM 
Tiyu Xilu
 1 
 1  Left arrow to Xilang
 13 
Left arrow to Chaoyang
to Xinsha Right arrow
 Zhujiang New Town
 5 
 5 
Left arrow to Jiaokou
to Wenchong Right arrow
Pearl River
Pearl River
 Canton Tower
Tram interchange  APM 
 Chigang Pagoda Yard
 12 
Left arrow to Xunfenggang
to Higher Education Mega Center South Right arrow
 Kecun
 8 
 8 
Left arrow to Jiaoxin
to Wanshengwei Right arrow
 Datang
 11 
 11 
Left arrow clockwise
anti-clockwise Right arrow
 Lijiao
 Guangfo 
 Guangfo  Left arrow to Xincheng Dong
Pearl River
Xiajiao Depot
 Xiajiao
Sanzhixiang Creek
 Dashi
original Line 7
alignment
 7 
Left arrow to Meidi Dadao
to Yanshan Right arrow
 Hanxi Changlong
 7 
 22  Left arrow to Chentougang
 Shiqiao
 18 
Left arrow to Wanqingsha
to Xiancun Right arrow
 Panyu Square
 18   22 
 Bangjiang
Yanzhou Yard
 Shiqinan
Haichong Lu
 4 
Left arrow to Nansha Passenger Port
to Huangcun Right arrow
 Haibang
 4 
This diagram:
Line 3
Simplified Chinese广州地铁3号线
Traditional Chinese廣州地鐵3號線
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuǎngzhōu Dìtiě Sān Hào Xiàn
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpinggwong2zau1 dei6tit3 saam1 hou6 sin3
Shiqiao line
Simplified Chinese市桥线
Traditional Chinese市橋線
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinShìqiáo Xiàn
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingsi5kiu4 sin3
Airport line
Simplified Chinese机场线
Traditional Chinese機場線
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinJīchǎng Xiàn
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpinggei1coeng4 sin3

Line 3 is split into two sections, Shiqiao line (main line, from Panyu Square to Tianhe Coach Terminal) and Airport line (northern branch, Tiyu Xilu to Airport North), and are branded with the colour orange. The line is extremely congested, with numerous sections officially operating over 100% capacity.[5] The line uses Seltrac S40 communications-based train control from Alcatel.[6]

Line 3 drawn to scale.

History

edit

Initial section

edit

Line 3 started out as a short peripheral line in Guangzhou's "Five-Line" subway masterplan in the early 1990s. It was envisioned as a north south circulator line for the Tianhe District's new CBD connecting Guangzhou East railway station with the proposed Zhujiang New Town CBD, crossing the Pearl River to Chigang station on what was then Line 2 and turning east to Xinzhou.[7] Essentially taking over the section of Today's Line 8 between Chigang and Wanshengwei stations. However at the time it was planned to run under Liede Avenue just east of the new CBD instead of under Xiyu West Road like it does today.[7] In Guangzhou's updated "Seven-Line" subway masterplan published in the late 1990s the proposed Line 3 plan was extended north to arc over old Guangzhou terminating around Chatou Station on Line 13 and Line 12. Additionally the southern section of the line was rerouted southwest roughly following today's Line 12 between Chigang and Luntou,[7] with the section east to Xinzhou mostly being taken over by what is today Line 8.

Line 3 was redesigned into a pure north south line running between Guangzhou East Railway station to reach Panyu District. A branch line was added between Tiyu Xilu station and Tianhe Coach Terminal station.[8] The change was done in response with the local government's "Southern Expansion" plan to develop the southern areas of Guangzhou.[8] This plan required faster transportation links with Panyu District and the new CBD. At the time limited ridership of the first phases of Line 1 and 2 as well as underestimated urban growth rates lead to downscaling of Line 3's trains.[9] The line would use three car Type B trains instead of higher capacity six car Type A trains used in Line 1 and 2; assuming that capacity shortfalls would be mitigated by running a more frequent service, with an ultimate train configuration of six cars in the future as demand slowly increases.[10] Additionally, a separate Airport Express line between Guangzhou's New Baiyun International Airport and the new CBD was proposed.[11]

Construction the first section of Line 3 between East Guangzhou Railway station and officially commenced with groundbreaking on the experimental segment at Datang station in 2001. On January 26, 2003, construction work at Datang was completed and capped.[12] On February 8, 2003 tunnel boring machines begin boring tunnels on the first section of Line 3.[13] Tunnel boring machines beginning boring tunnels on a section of Line 3 at Tiyu Xilu station. Tiyu Xilu Station will use cut-and-cover construction with a bored section in the middle where it runs under Line 1 with only 80 cm (31 in) of cover.[14] On May 30, 2003 Construction work at Shiqiao station was completed and capped one month ahead of schedule.[15] At the same time, Lijiao station begin construction works.[16] 99 sets of escalators were purchased from Hitachi for the project.[17] The entire project was opened in stages between 2005 and 2006.

North South Express Line

edit

During construction of the initial segment, Line 3 and the Airport Express Line were redesigned and now planned as a single project that begins to resemble its configuration today; A line from Baiyun International Airport to Haibang station via Zhujiang New Town and Panyu Square.[7] The Airport Express Line was merged into Line 3 as the Line 3 Phase 2 project. The expected long term peak demand section of the Phase 2 project is 20,000 passengers per hour per direction.[18] This allowed for the use of Line 3's three car Type B trains on the Airport Line, again assuming that capacity shortfalls would be mitigated by running a more frequent service, with an ultimate train configuration of six cars in the future. Additionally, passing loops and higher speed (140 km/h (87 mph)) operations were proposed for the Airport Line to allow for distinct airport express and regular local services similar to the MTR Tung Chung line and Airport Express in Hong Kong.[19] The express services would run between Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Tiyu Xilu and only stop at what is today Jiahewanggang, Yantang, Guangzhou East railway stations.[19] The Phase 2 Project extends Line 3 north to the new airport on a mostly elevated alignment.[20] In 2007, 17 km (10.56 mi) of Phase 2 line also redesigned to run underground instead of elevated at a cost of an additional 1 billion Yuan.[21][22] With the redesigned underground alignment, passing loops for express services were removed to control construction costs.[19] The line was now completely transformed into a north south express line with wide stop spacings and 120 km/h (75 mph) operation in suburban sections instead of a local metro line, with aspects of an express railway link, as first envisioned.[23] Later Yongtai station and Gaozeng station was added to the plan the latter station added in anticipation for Line 9. On October 30, 2010 Line 3 Phase 2 entered operation.[24]

Congestion

edit

In 2010, after the completion of Phase 2, Line 3 has become the most important north-south traffic artery in the urban area of Guangzhou. This is a far cry from the peripheral circulator line it was originally envisioned to be in the 1990s. Massive developments at the Zhujiang New Town CBD and strong population growth of Guangzhou as a whole, created unforeseen high demand and heavy congestion for the line which forced new B2 and B4 series six car trains to be ordered and existing B1 series three car trains were linked together to form six car sets, decades ahead of the original timeline.[25][26] The new B2 and B4 series trains will have luggage racks to support Line 3's role as an airport rail link.[26] The new trains gradually allowed the line to operate to its ultimate configuration of six car type B trains running just at two minute headways. Severe congestion continued to plague the line even at its ultimate design configuration as demand continued to increase. In June 2014, the maximum full load rate in the morning peak of the whole line of Line 3 was as high as 136%, appearing in the interval between Kecun Station and Guangzhou Tower Station.[27] In 2015, with daily average ridership reaching over 1.5 million passengers per day, several rows of seats and all luggage racks where removed from all trains in an attempt to increase capacity.[28][29] In June 2017, the ridership of Line 3 has grown to average over 2 million passengers per day.[30] In March 2018, the whole line heading in the peak direction of the Zhujiang New Town CBD exceeded 100% capacity during the AM peak period with a maximum full load rate exceeding 120% in the section from Yantang Station to Guangzhou East Station on the Airport Line.[31] The busiest section of Line 3 carries over 60,000 pphpd in 2018,[32] multiples over the long term 20,000 pphpd volume projected during the Airport Line's construction. By 2020, the most congested section of Line 3 reached 150% capacity.[33] Peak period headways have been reduced to every 1 minute 58 seconds and now reaches fleet and signal system capacities.[31] Line 18 and the proposed Line 26 are expected to relieve the congestion of Line 3.

Eastern extension

edit

A further extension east of Haibang Station to Hai'ou Island and eventually across the Pearl River to Dongguan was proposed in 2007. In 2017, the Guangzhou Municipal Land Planning Commission approved the planning for Line 3 to be extended to Hai'ou Island.[34] However, the extension eastward beyond Panyu Square station was approved by National Development and Reform Commission to only reach Haibang station as part of Guangzhou's (2015–2025) subway expansion plan in March 2018.[35] It was revealed that the extension to Hai'ou Island is reserved for future planning.[35] The extension is 9.58 km long as will add four new stations and connect Line 3 to Line 4.[36] Construction of this extension started November 19, 2018.[37] It opened just under 6 years later on November 1, 2024.[38]

Opening timeline

edit
Segment Commencement Length Station(s) Name
Kecun — Guangzhou East 26 December 2005 7.8 km (4.85 mi) 5 (northern section)
Panyu Square — Kecun 30 December 2006 19.6 km (12.18 mi) 7 (southern section)
Tiyu Xilu — Tianhe Coach Terminal 7.5 km (4.66 mi) 5 (spur section)
Airport South — Guangzhou East 30 October 2010 29.3 km (18.21 mi) 10 Northern extension
Gaozeng 28 December 2017 Infill station 1 Line 9 connector
Airport North — Airport South 26 April 2018 1.23 km (0.76 mi) 1 Airport extension
Haibang — Panyu Square 1 November 2024[38] 9.6 km (5.97 mi) 4 Eastern extension

Train service

edit

There are 4 types of train services offered on the metro line 3:

Stations

edit
  • N - Northern extension (Airport Branch)
  • M - Main line
  • MN - Thru Services
  • OSI - Out-of-station interchange (only available for IC cards users)
N M MN Station
No. 		Station name Connections Distance
km 		Location
English Chinese
● ● 301-4 Haibang 海傍  4  414 0.00 0.00 Panyu
● ● 301-3 Haichong Lu 海涌路 2.00 2.00
● ● 301-2 Shiqinan 石碁南 1.90 3.90
● ● 301-1 Bangjiang 傍江 3.10 7.00
● ● 301 Panyu Square 番禺广场  18  1803
 22  2201 		2.40 9.40
● ● 302 Shiqiao 市桥 3.86 13.26
● ● 303 Hanxi Changlong 汉溪长隆  7  705
  GCA  GH  		6.27 19.53
● ● 304 Dashi 大石 2.44 21.97
● ● 305 Xiajiao 厦滘 2.85 24.82
● ● 306 Lijiao 沥滘  Guangfo  GF25 1.85 26.67 Haizhu
● ● 307 Datang 大塘  11  1130 2.57 29.24
● ● 308 Kecun 客村  8  823 2.02 31.26
● ● 309 Canton Tower 广州塔  APM  APM01
   THZ1 
OSI:  12  (Guangzhou Art Museum) 		1.15 32.41
● ● 310 Zhujiang New Town 珠江新城  5  510 1.51 33.92 Tianhe
● ● ● 311 Tiyu Xilu 体育西路  1  114
 10    GBRT
OSI:  APM  (TianhenanAPM07)
OSI:  13  (Huacheng Square North) 		1.31 35.23
｜ ● ｜ 312 Shipaiqiao 石牌桥   GBRT 1.34 36.57
｜ ● ｜ 313 Gangding 岗顶   GBRT 0.85 37.42
｜ ● ｜ 314 South China Normal University 华师  11  1106 0.88 38.30
｜ ● ｜ 315 Wushan 五山 1.59 39.89
｜ ● ｜ 316 Tianhe Coach Terminal 天河客运站  6  621 2.59 42.48
● ● 317 Linhexi 林和西  APM  APM09 1.15 36.38 Tianhe
● ● 318 Guangzhou East Railway Station 广州东站  1  116
 11  1108
 18   GS    GGQ 		1.09 37.47
● ● 319 Yantang 燕塘  6  620 1.07 38.54
● ● 320 Meihuayuan 梅花园 1.90 40.44 Baiyun
● ● 321 Jingxi Nanfang Hospital 京溪南方医院 1.36 41.80
● ● 322 Tonghe 同和 1.39 43.19
● ● 323 Yongtai 永泰 3.34 46.53
● ● 324 Baiyundadaobei 白云大道北 0.85 47.38
● ● 325 Jiahewanggang 嘉禾望岗  2  224
 14  1401 		2.25 49.63
● ● 326 Longgui 龙归 6.30 55.93
● ● 327 Renhe 人和  22  5.37 61.30
● ● 328 Gaozeng 高增  9  911 2.46 63.76
● ● 329 Airport South (Terminal 1) 机场南（1号航站楼）  22    CAN 3.81 67.57 Huadu
● ● 330 Airport North (Terminal 2) 机场北（2号航站楼）  22    CAN   BBA  GFC  1.23 68.80

Special short-distance service

edit

Due to route planning issues, it is difficult for passengers in the middle of the route to board the train. In order to solve this problem, short-distance service trains will be added at certain times. The known service arrangements are as follows:

  • Between Tiyu Xilu and Tonghe: This service is only available during peak hours in the morning on weekdays. The southern end at starting service from September 25, 2018 is Panyu Square, and the southern end changing to Tiyu Xilu Station is from February 24, 2020.
  • Between Airport North (Terminal 2) and Dashi: This service is only available during peak hours in the morning on weekdays.
  • From Tonghe/Longgui/Jiahewanggang/Tianhe Coach Terminal to Dashi: This service is only available during peak hours in the morning on weekdays. Since 2013, it provide services from Tonghe Station to Dashi Station. After providing short-distance service between Panyu Square Station and Tonghe Station in 2018, there will be one train departing from Longgui Station and two trains departing from Jiahe Wanggang Station at about 8:00, and one train departing from Tianhe Coach Terminal Station at about 8:18. After arriving at the terminal station, Dashi Station, some trains will resume normal services, and other trains will end the service and keep stand by.
  • From Dashi/Xiajiao/Kecun to Tianhe Coach Terminal: This service is available in the morning and evening peak hours.
  • From Tiyu Xilu to Haibang: This service is available in the morning and evening peak hours.
  • From Tiyu Xilu/Haibang to Jiahewanggang: This service is the last trains before the end of the day's operation service. After the train reaches the end, it will end the service and return to the Jiahe Wanggang depot.
  • From Linhexi/Guangzhou East Railway Station to Airport North (Terminal 2): This service is only available during peak hours in the evening on weekdays.

Future expansion

edit

Line 10

edit

The Tiyu Xilu-Tianhe Coach Terminal Section is planned to no longer operate as part of Line 3. The Shipaiqiao-Tianhe Coach Terminal Section will be transferred to Line 10, with the remaining Main and Northern sections being combined into one single service.

Rolling stock

edit

At the time of introduction Line 3 trains were one of the fastest subway trains in China when initially introduced, reaching up to 120 km/h (75 mph) in service.[39] As of 2020 there is currently a fleet of 71 six car trains serving Line 3.[40] To accommodate increased fleet requirements for the eastern extension, an additional 10 six car trainsets have been ordered.[41] In August 2020, plans were announced a further 18 additional trains to be purchased for Line 3 to reduce headways and improve capacity.[42] This will push the fleet serving Line 3 to 99 trainsets.[40]

Type Time of manufacturing Series Sets Assembly Notes
Type B 2005–2007 B1 20 Mcp+T+Mcp=Mcp+T+Mcp Manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive and Siemens Mobility initially as 40 three car sets but later reformed into 20 six car sets.[39][43]
2009–2011 B2 25 Mc+Tp+M+M+Tp+Mc First batch manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive[44]
2011–2012 B4 26 Mc+Tp+M+M+Tp+Mc Second batch manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive
  •  
    Guangzhou Metro B1
  •  
    Guangzhou Metro B2
  •  
    Guangzhou Metro B4

References

edit
  1. ^ "Guangzhou Metro - Railway Technology".
  2. ^ "地铁二、三号线启动新车采购招标". Archived from the original on 2022-04-03. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  3. ^ 广州地铁刷新单日客流新高 达逾1156万人次. 人民网. 2020-01-02. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
  4. ^ "Fastest advanced metro starts service". Chinadaily.com.cn. 2005-12-26. Retrieved 2016-09-17.
  5. ^ "广州日报数字报-地铁高峰时段燕塘至广州东最挤". 2018-04-09. Archived from the original on 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
  6. ^ "阿尔卡特将为广州地铁3号线提供信号系统_产经动态_财经纵横_新浪网". finance.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
  7. ^ a b c d "成果展示| 广州市交通规划研究院". www.gztpri.com. Retrieved 2021-05-22.
  8. ^ a b sina_mobile (2000-05-31). "None". news.sina.cn. Retrieved 2021-05-22.
  9. ^ "从地铁三号线"地狱式"折磨来看广州规划的败笔_网易新闻". Archived from the original on 2016-11-24. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
  10. ^ Lin, Shusen (2013). 广州城记. 广东人民出版社. ISBN 9787218086347.
  11. ^ Liu, Tuoyu (2001). 广州市快速轨道交通近期线网规划研究.
  12. ^ "广东新闻：广州地铁工程建设开门红 三号线大塘站率先封顶". news.southcn.com. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
  13. ^ "广东新闻：首台盾构机吊装下井 地铁三号线建设号角吹响". news.southcn.com. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
  14. ^ "广东新闻：广州地铁一号线隧道80厘米底下将再挖地铁". news.southcn.com. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
  15. ^ "广州地铁三号线市桥站提前封顶". 2016-06-04. Archived from the original on 2016-06-04. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
  16. ^ "广东新闻：三地铁交汇 国内首个城际轨道交接站沥滘站开工". 2015-09-24. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
  17. ^ "完善配套设施 穗地铁三号线定购99台自动扶梯·广东新闻·南方网". news.southcn.com. Retrieved 2020-08-01.
  18. ^ "广州地铁三号线新机场线17公里高架改走地下-搜狐新闻". news.sohu.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  19. ^ a b c "广州地铁3号线的尘封往事：从规划到建成，"消失"了什么？_腾讯新闻". new.qq.com. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
  20. ^ "新快报:'机场线'拟设12个车站_新闻频道". news.sohu.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  21. ^ "广州地铁三号线新机场线17公里高架改走地下-搜狐新闻". news.sohu.com. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
  22. ^ "广州地铁三号线新机场线17公里高架改走地下". Archived from the original on 2014-03-17. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
  23. ^ "优化小环线 地铁规划成型_新闻中心_新浪网". news.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  24. ^ "Dates fixed for opening of six new metro lines". NEWSGD.com. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  25. ^ "广州地铁三号线下月车厢加长一倍_新闻中心_新浪网". news.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
  26. ^ a b "广州地铁三号线列车提前加长 3节车厢改6节_新闻_腾讯网". news.qq.com. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
  27. ^ Huang, Jiayu (黄嘉瑜). 穗地铁3号线列车多了 等车时间却长了?_广州新闻_广州大洋网. news.dayoo.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-14.
  28. ^ "广州地铁为缓解客流压力将座椅拆除(图)-新华网". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  29. ^ "广州地铁为缓解客流压力将座椅拆除(图)--生态--人民网". env.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  30. ^ "3号线日均客流量破200万人次 高峰期增加空车". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  31. ^ a b "广州日报数字报-地铁高峰时段燕塘至广州东最挤". 2018-04-09. Archived from the original on 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  32. ^ "详情". www.camet.org.cn. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
  33. ^ "广州地铁26号线何时建设，地铁官方给答复了". view.inews.qq.com. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
  34. ^ "地铁三号线确定东延至海鸥岛_网易新闻中心". 2017-04-09. Archived from the original on 2017-04-09. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
  35. ^ a b "方便亚运城居民出行，地铁三号线将向东延至海傍站，不延至海鸥岛_网易新闻". 2018-01-21. Archived from the original on 2018-01-21. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
  36. ^ "广州地铁又有新消息！！十号线、三号线东延段拿到开工纸_南方快报_南方网". kb.southcn.com. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
  37. ^ "直击新线│三号线东延段多工点全面动工". WeChat Official Accounts Platform. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
  38. ^ a b 李佳文 (2024-10-30). "广州地铁三号线东延段11月1日开通" [Guangzhou Metro Line 3 East Extension to open on November 1]. Xin Kuai Bao (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 2024-11-03.
  39. ^ a b "我国设计时速最快的地铁列车在湖南株洲下线". www.most.gov.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2020-08-22.
  40. ^ a b "地铁二、三号线启动新车采购招标 - 广州市人民政府门户网站". www.gz.gov.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2020-08-22.
  41. ^ "广州市轨道交通十一号线、十三号线二期、十二号线、三号线东延线、十号线、七号线二期、十四号线二期车辆监理采购项目招标公告". Archived from the original on 2022-01-14.
  42. ^ "招标公告 - 详情页". ggzy.gz.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2020-08-22.
  43. ^ "广州市轨道交通三号线B1型车过三北线运营列车广播系统改造项目招标公告" (in Chinese).
  44. ^ "广州地铁三号线列车提前加长 3节车厢改6节_新闻_腾讯网". news.qq.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2020-08-22.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Line_3_(Guangzhou_Metro)&oldid=1255267085"