Al-Bahr al-Madeed fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Majeed (Arabic: البحر المديد في تفسير القرآن المجيد, lit. 'The Vast Sea in the Interpretation of the Glorious Qur'an') or shortly named al-Baḥr al-Madīd (English: The Immense Ocean), better known as Tafsir Ibn 'Ajiba (Arabic: تفسير ابن عجيبة), is a Sunni Sufi tafsir work, authored by the Maliki-Ash'ari scholar Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba (d. 1224/1809), who was following the Shadhili-Darqawi order.
 | |
| Author | Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba |
|---|---|
| Original title | Al-Baḥr al-Madīd |
| Translators | Translated into English by Mohamed Fouad Aresmouk, and Michael Abdurrahman Fitzgerald |
| Language | Arabic, English |
| Subject | Tafsir, Sufism |
| Publisher | Fons Vitae |
Publication date | 2009 |
| Publication place | Morocco |
| Pages | 204 |
| ISBN | 9781891785283 |
It is the only traditional Qur'anic commentary which gives both exoteric exegesis and mystical, spiritual esoteric allusion (ishara) for each verse of the Qur'an, combines traditional exegesis with spiritual contemplation, exploring the outer and inner meanings of the sacred text.[1]
The reader will find commentary, both exoteric and esoteric, on most verses of the Qur'anic text, and will discover the depths at which Qur'anic discourse has been understood by the Sufis over the centuries and up to the author's era.[2]
Ibn Ajiba's tafsir was written in about five years.[3]
Background
editIbn 'Ajiba relied on several earlier sources for his interpretation, as he himself mentioned at the end of his tafsir, including the following:[4]
- Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta'wil by Nasir al-Din al-Baydawi (d. 685/1286).
- Irshad al-'Aql al-Salim ila Mazaya al-Kitab al-Karim by Ebussuud Efendi (d. 982/1574).
- Hashiya (footnote) on Tafsir al-Jalalayn by Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi (d. 1096/1685).
- Al-Tashil li-'Ulum al-Tanzil by Ibn Juzayy (d. 741/1340).
- Al-Kashf wa al-Bayan by Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi (d. 427/1035).
- Lata'if al-Isharat by Abu al-Qasim al-Qushayri (d. 465/1074).
As for his Hadith sources, they are the six major Hadith collections (al-Kutub al-Sittah) of Sunni Islam and their valuable commentaries.
His linguistic sources are: Al-Alfiyya, al-Kafiyya al-Shafiyya by Ibn Malik, al-Tasheel by Ibn Hisham; and the books of Qur'an meanings, such as Ma'ani al-Qur'an by al-Farra' and al-Zajjaj; and also the dictionaries/lexicons books, such as al-Sihah by al-Jawhari, and Asas al-Balagha by al-Zamakhshari.
Most of the Sufi sources of his tafsir are from North Africa, al-Andalus, or Egypt. He quotes from scholars such as al-Junayd, al-Qushayri, al-Ghazali, al-Shadhili, al-Mursi, al-Sakandari, al-Darqawi, Muhammad al-Buzidi, al-Jili, al-Shushtari, al-Bistami, Zarruq and Ruzbihan al-Baqli. Ibn 'Ajiba's quotations from Ruzbihan have hitherto gone unnoticed, because Ibn 'Ajiba referred to him as "al-Wartajbi" (Arabic: الورتجبي).[1][Note 1]
About the author
editAhmad ibn 'Ajiba was a Shadhili-Darqawi shaykh who wrote over 30 Islamic Sufi books. He was born in a village near Tetouan to a sharifian family, who originated from an Andalusian mountain village called 'Ayn al-Rumman ("the Spring of Pomegranates"). He showed from an early age an aptitude for the religious sciences and became a traditional 'alim. His orientation changed when he read al-Hikam al-Ata'iyya (the wisdoms or aphorisms of Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Sakandari) with the commentary by Ibn 'Abbad al-Rundi (d. 792 AH/1390 CE), who contributed to the spread of the Shadhiliyya order in the Maghreb (northwest Africa).[6]
Notes
edit- ^ Ruzbihan al-Baqli al-Shirazi (d. 606/1209) is also known as "Al-Wartajbi", but this name is unknown and unpopular, which made Ibn 'Ajiba's quotations from him seem to have been utterly unnoticed.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Andrew Rippin (2008). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an. John Wiley & Sons. p. 358. ISBN 978-1-4051-7844-0.
- ^ "The Immense Ocean: Al-Bahr al-Madid". fonsvitae.com. Fons Vitae Publishing. Archived from the original on 30 Mar 2021.
- ^ "من ذخيرتنا المدفونة: البحر المديد في تفسير القرآن المجيد، لابن عجيبة". www.habous.gov.ma. Morocco's Minister of Religious Endowments and Islamic Affairs. Archived from the original on 31 Mar 2021.
وإذن فهذا العمل الجليل المطبوع بطابع العمق في التحليل والنضج في العرض لم يكن وليد سنة أو سنتين وإنما كان وليد فترة من الزمن قاربت خمس سنوات، أنفقها المؤلف في رحلة بهية، ممتعة في أعطاف القرآن
- ^ "أبوالعباس أحمد بن محمد "ابن عجيبة" والبحر المديد في تفسير القرآن المجيد". www.albayan.ae (in Arabic). 21 October 2005. Archived from the original on 31 Mar 2021.
- ^ Abu Bakr Muhammad Banani (January 2010). الفتوحات القدسية في شرح قصيدة في حال السلوك عند الصوفية المسماة (القصيدة النقشبندية) (in Arabic). Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah. ISBN 978-2-7451-7078-1 – via Google Books.
تفسير القرآن "للورتجبي" وهو الشيخ روزبهان البقلي الشيرازي
- ^ Shaykh Fadhlalla Haeri; Muneera Haeri (2019). Sufi Encounters: Sharing the Wisdom of Enlightened Sufis. Watkins Media Limited. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-78678-344-8.
Further reading
edit- Kristin Zahra Sands (2006). Sufi Commentaries on the Qur'an in Classical Islam. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-21144-9.
- Pieter Coppens (2018). Seeing God in Sufi Qur'an Commentaries: Crossings between This World and the Otherworld. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-3507-9.
- سير الركائب النجيبة بأخبار الشيخ ابن عجيبة، تأليف: أحمد بن محمد بن الصديق الغماري
- الشيخ أحمد بن عجيبة ومنهجه في التفسير، تأليف: حسن عزوزي
- أعمال ندوة: الشيخ أحمد ابن عجيبة المفكر والعالم الصوفي
- التصوف كوعي وممارسة: دراسة في الفلسفة الصوفية عند أحمد بن عجيبة
External links
edit- Tafsir Ibn 'Ajiba (in Arabic)
- Esoteric Hermeneutic of Ibn 'Ajiba
- Surat al-Kawthar: Sufi Tafsir: ibn 'Ajiba
- Note From The Translator: Ibn 'Ajiba's Tafsir of Verses 1-5 of Surat al-Kahf
- Divine Love in the Moroccan Sufi Tradition: Ibn 'Ajība (d. 1224/1809) and His Oceanic Exegesis of the Qur'ān
- The Philosophical Method in the Sufi Qur'anic commentaries (in Arabic)
