The Benevolence International Foundation (BIF; Benevolence International Fund in Canada), was a purported nonprofit charitable trust based in Saudi Arabia. It was determined to be a front for terrorist group Al-Qaeda and was banned by the United Nations Security Council Committee 1267[1] and the US Department of the Treasury in November 2002.[2] The BIF's chief executive officer Enaam Arnaout began a ten-year sentence in 2003 after pleading guilty for racketeering in a U.S. federal court.[3]
| Abbreviation | BIF |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1987 |
| Defunct | 1994 |
| Purpose | Nonprofit used as a front for terrorism |
The nonprofit was founded in 1987 by Adel bin Abdul-Jalil Batterjee of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Batterjee was later personally embargoed by the UN[1] from December 2004 until March 2013 and by the US, from December 2004 on.[2][4] Their website stated that they were a "humanitarian organization helping those afflicted by wars" and providing "short-term relief such as emergency food distribution, long term projects, education and self-sufficiency to the children, widowed, refugees, injured and staff of vital governmental institutions."[5] The BIF had offices in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo and Zenica), Canada, China, Croatia, Georgia (Duisi and Tbilisi), the Netherlands, Pakistan (Islamabad, Peshawar), the Palestinian Territories, Russia (Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Moscow), Saudi Arabia (Riyadh and Jeddah), Sudan, Tajikistan, the United Kingdom, the United States and Yemen.[1]
A list of the 20 main financiers of Al-Qaeda, composed by Osama bin Laden in 1988 and dubbed by him the Golden Chain, was found in the Bosnia office of Benevolence International Foundation when it was raided in March 2002.[6]
History
editThe Islamic Benevolence Committee (Lajnat al-Birr al-Islamiah) was founded in 1987 by Adel bin Abdul-Jalil Batterjee (Arabic: عادل بن عبد الجليل بترجي) of Jeddah Saudi Arabia[1] and had operations in both Jeddah and Peshawar, Pakistan. The group was a "charity" that openly supported fighters against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, supplying weapons and funds to the Mujaheddin and facilitating the immigration of foreign volunteer jihadists into that conflict zone.[citation needed]
Another organization, the Benevolence International Corporation, is said to have been started in 1988 by Mohammed Jamal Khalifa of Jeddah, the brother in law of Osama Bin Laden. At the time of founding and operation, it was known as an "import-export" company. It is said that this group was a front for the Abu Sayyaf group[weasel words].
In 1992 the Benevolence International Corporation (BIC) in the Philippines folded public operations, while the Islamic Benevolence Committee was renamed to the Benevolence International Foundation (BIF). The new entity was incorporated as a tax-exempt nonprofit in Illinois on March 30, 1992, with Enaam Arnaout as its director.[7] Arnaout married an American woman and obtained citizenship in the United States. In 1993 the organization's headquarters moved to Chicago. Meanwhile, the Filipino BIC group would become a group set up to attack U.S. interests in the Philippines. Khalid Sheik Mohammed is said to have led the rest of the group.
On June 15, 1994, US Ambassador Melissa F. Wells visited the BIF headquarters on an envoy from President Bill Clinton, met with Ma'moun Muhammad al-Hasan Bilou, and "praised BIF and its efforts to provide humanitarian relief".[8]
In late 1994, Mohammed Jamal Khalifa travelled to the United States to meet with Mohamed Loay Bayazid, the president of BIC at the time.
Prosecution
editKhalifa and Bayazid were arrested in Mountain View, California, in December 1994. The FBI received communications from the Philippines that Khalifa was funding Operation Bojinka, a terrorist plot that was foiled on January 6, 1995. However, Khalifa was deported to Jordan by the INS in May 1995. The Jordanian court acquitted Khalifa and until his death, he lived in Saudi Arabia. Bayazid was also let go.
The U.S. Government alleged that the group sent money and communications to Osama Bin Laden and purchased rockets, mortars, rifles, bayonets, dynamite and other bombs for Al-Qaeda members in Chechnya, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and redirected funds meant for charity purposes to purposes related to terrorism. The U.S. government also alleged that the group was aiding the travel of terrorists, including Khalifa, Bayazid, and al-Qaeda co-founder Mamdouh Salim. In addition, it was also coordinating the escape of BIF members from Bosnian police.
During a sentencing hearing in August 2003, U.S. District Judge Suzanne Conlon told prosecutors they had "failed to connect the dots" and said there was no evidence that Arnaout "identified with or supported" terrorism.[9]
These allegations were withdrawn as part of a February 2003 plea bargain in which Enaam Arnaout pleaded guilty to racketeering charges. The plea bargain allowed for him to provide information to prosecutors as long as charges that are related to Al-Qaeda are dropped. He publicly denies any link to the group.
A 2011 NPR report claimed that some of the people associated with this group were imprisoned in a highly restrictive Communication Management Unit.[10]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1989 (2011) concerning Al-Qaida and associated individuals and entities Archived 2020-02-25 at the Wayback Machine QDe.093 BENEVOLENCE INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION|
- ^ a b "Treasury designates Benevolence International Foundation and related entities as financiers of terrorism". US Department of the Treasury. 2002-11-19. Archived from the original on 2013-05-09. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
- ^ "New Sentence for Charity Director" Archived 2018-07-20 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 18, 2006
- ^ "U.S. Treasury designates two individuals with ties to al Qaida, UBL former BIF leader and al-Qaida associate named under E.O. 13224". US Department of the Treasury. 2004-12-21. Archived from the original on 2012-07-06. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
- ^ Weimann, Gabriel (2006). Terror on the Internet: The New Arena, the New Challenges. US Institute of Peace Press. p. 139. ISBN 9781929223718. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
helping those afflicted by wars. BIF first provides short-term relief such as emergency food distribution.
- ^ Matthew Levitt's Testimony Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology, and Homeland Security, 10 September 2003
- ^ "Treasury Designates Benevolence International Foundation and Related Entities as Financiers of Terrorism". www.treasury.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-05-28. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Patrick J. United States of America v. Enaam M. Arnaout, "Governments Evidentiary Proffer Supporting the Admissibility of Co-Conspirator Statements Archived 2004-08-05 at the Wayback Machine", before Hon. Suzanne B. Conlon
- ^ Few convictions on terror since 9/11: Most arrested not linked to extremists Archived 2017-10-10 at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, June 12, 2005
- ^ DATA & GRAPHICS: Population Of The Communications Management Units Archived 2011-03-07 at the Wayback Machine, Margot Williams and Alyson Hurt, NPR, 3-3-11, retrieved 2011 03 04 from npr.org
Further reading
edit- Müller, Sebastian R. (2006). Hawala An Informal Payment System and Its Use to Finance Terrorism. VDM, Müller. ISBN 978-3-86550-656-6.
External links
edit- Indictment of Arnaout in 2002, archive at the US Justice Department