35°10′N 8°50′E / 35.167°N 8.833°E
Kasserine
ڨصرين | |
|---|---|
 Arcade of Kasserine. | |
  Kasserine Location in Tunisia | |
| Coordinates: 35°10′N 8°50′E / 35.167°N 8.833°E | |
| Country |  Tunisia |
| Governorate | Kasserine Governorate |
| Delegation(s) | Kasserine North, Kasserine South, Ezzouhour |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mohamed Kamel Hamzaoui (Nidaa Tounes) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 116.330 |
| Time zone | UTC1 (CET) |
| Postal code | 1253[1] |
Kasserine (Arabic: القصرين, romanized: al-Qasrīn, Tunisian Arabic: ڨصرين ) is the capital city of the Kasserine Governorate, in west-central Tunisia. It is situated below Jebel ech Chambi ( جبل الشعانبي), Tunisia's highest mountain.[2] Its population is 114,463 (2020).
History
editIn classical antiquity Kasserine was a Roman colony, known as Cillium. Under Roman Emperor Vespasian (69–79) or Titus (79-81), it was elevated to the rank of municipium, and under the Severan dynasty (193-235) to that of colonia (Cillilana). It became Roman territory following the defeat of Carthage in 146 BC, belonging to the provinces of Africa, Africa Vetus, Africa Proconsularus, and finally Africa Byzacena following the reforms of Diocletian in 314 AD.
Archaeological evidence remains on site: mausoleums, triumphal arches, thermae, a theatre and a Christian basilica.[3]
One noted monument is the Tomb of the Flavii, built for local landowner Titus Flavius Secundus in the late second century AD. The Tomb contains a 110-line poem memorializing Flavius, and is the "longest extant Latin funerary epitaph from antiquity.[4]"
The theater was built at the end of the first century AD, probably to celebrate elevation of the town to a municipium,[5] It was restored, and reopened for performances in 2018.[6]
In 544 the Byzantines were defeated by the Berbers in the Battle of Cillium.
The town was renamed Kasserine, meaning "The Two Palaces", which is a reference to the two Roman mausoleums.[7]
In 1906, an attack by local bedouin on isolated settler farms near Kasserine, and the French civil administration offices during the Thala-Kasserine Disturbances was the first violent resistance to French authority under the protectorate.
During World War II, from January to March 1943, the Germans operated a forced labour camp for Jews in the city.[8] In February 1943, it was the site of the Battle of Kasserine Pass.
Ecclesiastical history
editCillium was important enough in the Roman province of Byzacena to become a suffragan of the Metropolitan of Hadrumetum.
Cillium was represented at the Conference of Carthage (411) between Catholic and Donatist bishops by the Catholic Tertiolus and the Donatist Donatus. In 484, Fortunatianus of Cillium was one of the Catholic bishops whom the Arian Vandal king Huneric summoned to Carthage and then exiled.[9][10][11]
Titular see of Cillium
editNo longer a residential bishopric, Cillium is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[12]
Since its nominal restoration in 1925, the Latin titular bishopric has had the following incumbents, both of the lowest (episcopal) rank:
- Boleslavs Sloskāns (1926.05.05 – 1981.04.18), Apostolic Administrator of Mohilev (Belarus) (1926.08.13 – 1981.04.18) and Apostolic Administrator of Mi(e)nsk (Belarus) (1926.08.13 – 1981.04.18)
- Louis Anthony DeSimone, (1981.06.27 – 2018.10.05), Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of Philadelphia[13]
Geography
editKasserine is located in western central Tunisia. By road it is 200 kilometres west of Sfax, 246 kilometres (180 mi) south-west of the capital Tunis, and 166 kilometres (141 mi) south-west of Sousse.
Kasserine is divided into 11 districts:
- El Arich
- Ennour District
- Essalem District
- Ezzouhour District
- El Bassatine District
- El Fath District
- El Karma District
- El Khadhra District
- El Manar District
- Olympic District
- Zouhour District
Climate
edit| Climate data for Kasserine (1991–2020, extremes 1950–2017) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.2 (77.4) |
31.5 (88.7) |
33.0 (91.4) |
34.7 (94.5) |
41.7 (107.1) |
43.4 (110.1) |
43.6 (110.5) |
42.5 (108.5) |
40.3 (104.5) |
36.0 (96.8) |
31.6 (88.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
43.6 (110.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
27.0 (80.6) |
32.2 (90.0) |
36.1 (97.0) |
35.2 (95.4) |
29.9 (85.8) |
25.1 (77.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
14.8 (58.6) |
24.0 (75.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
9.2 (48.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.7 (81.9) |
27.3 (81.1) |
23.3 (73.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
9.5 (49.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
3.5 (38.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
7.5 (45.5) |
4.3 (39.7) |
10.9 (51.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.0 (19.4) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
3.2 (37.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
5.8 (42.4) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 19.0 (0.75) |
15.8 (0.62) |
21.1 (0.83) |
25.8 (1.02) |
29.2 (1.15) |
19.4 (0.76) |
14.8 (0.58) |
28.0 (1.10) |
38.2 (1.50) |
23.3 (0.92) |
23.7 (0.93) |
13.5 (0.53) |
271.9 (10.70) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 41.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 184.9 | 177.5 | 223.6 | 226.3 | 244.9 | 261.8 | 280.4 | 262.7 | 221.5 | 216.4 | 187.5 | 171.3 | 2,658.8 |
| Source 1: Institut National de la Météorologie (extremes 1950-2017, sun 1981-2010) [14][15][16][17][note 1] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA[19] | |||||||||||||
Sports
edit
Kasserine's most popular sport club is the AS Kasserine (football, soccer).
Notable people
edit- Faouzia Aloui (born in 1958), a poet and fiction writer.[20][21]
- Karim Haggui (born January 20, 1984), a football defender
References
edit- ^ Postal code of Kasserine, GeoPostcodes
- ^ "Jebel Chambi" on Peakbagger.com Retrieved 1 October 2011
- ^ Associazione Storico-Culturale S. Agostino: "Cillium"
- ^ Sawyer, Jesse Jake. "A COMMENTARY ON THE VERSE INSCRIPTION ON THE TOMB OF THE FLAVII AT CILLIUM" (PDF). uga.edu. Retrieved Feb 2, 2021.
- ^ Stillwell, Richard; et al. (1976). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press. Retrieved Feb 2, 2021.
- ^ Ben Ali, Fawz (Aug 6, 2018). "Réhabilitation du théâtre de Cillium" (in French). Kapitalis. Retrieved Feb 2, 2021.
- ^ John Everett-Heath (2018). The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-256243-2.
- ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 585. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ Stefano Antonio Morcelli, Africa christiana, Volume I, Brescia 1816, pp. 139–140
- ^ Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 465
- ^ J. Ferron, v. Cillium, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XII, Paris 1953, coll. 831-832
- ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 869
- ^ "Most Reverend Louis Anthony Desimone, 96, dies | News | timesherald.com". www.timesherald.com. Archived from the original on 2018-10-06.
- ^ "Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ "Données normales climatiques 1961-1990" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ "Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ "Période ensoleillée 1981-2010 climatiques en Tunisie" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
- ^ "Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ "Climate Normals 1991-2020". NOAA.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
- ^ Faouzia Aloui Profile in africultures
- ^ (in Arabic) Faouzia Aloui at Diwanalarab