"I'm Alabama Bound" is a ragtime melody composed by Robert Hoffman in 1909. Hoffman dedicated it to an M. T. Scarlata.[1] The cover of its first edition, published by Robert Ebberman, New Orleans, 1909, advertises the music as "Also Known As The Alabama Blues" which has led some to suspect it of being one of the first blues songs. However, as written, it is an up-tempo rag (Rag Time Two Step) with no associated lyrics. The song has been recorded numerous times in different styles—both written and in sound recordings—with a number of different sets of lyrics.
| "I'm Alabama Bound" | |
|---|---|
| Song | |
| Published | 1909 |
| Genre | Ragtime |
| Composer(s) | Robert Hoffman |
Two recording artists claimed composing credits for the tune under two different titles and both with differing lyrics: Trixie Smith for "Railroad Blues" (Paramount 12262, 1925) and Ferdinand "Jelly Roll" Morton for "Don't You Leave Me Here" (Bluebird 10450, 1939).[2] In addition, Lead Belly also recorded another well-known version of "I'm Alabama Bound", in 1940.
History
editThis article's factual accuracy is disputed. (December 2021) |
The earliest lyrics expressing the sentiment found in some of the later songs are found in a minstrel song, "I Hab Leff Alabama", written by Marshall S. Pike and published in 1849. The chorus did not have the same melody, and was written in dialect.[3]
The first lyrics actually recorded to the music were by Prince's Band (Columbia A-901) in November, 1909. The music was attributed to Hoffman and words to John J. Puderer, owners of a New Orleans sheet music publishing company. Charles Adams Prince was a popular march band leader of the day, performing cake-walks and military marches. Puderer was the proprietor of The Music Shop in New Orleans, who published Hoffman's sheet music. The verses, in rag-time, were pretty much the same as those found in later versions. The actual source of the lyrics is unclear, but they may have come out of a folk tradition.
John W. "Blind" Boone included a short section of "I'm Alabama Bound" in his "Southern Rag Medley No. Two (Strains from Flat Branch)." The sheet music, published by Allen Music Co., Columbia, Missouri, (copyright 1913), was transcribed from Boone's piano roll which he recorded for the QRS company in 1912.[4]
Alan Lomax attested to words found in his 1934 collection of "Alabama Bound" as being found in Newman I. White's Negro Folk-Songs (1915–1916).[5] White's fragments were not set to music.[6] Alan Lomax's "Alabama Bound", collected from prisoners in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi, contains verses including the words "Alabama bound".[5]
Trixie Smith's 1925 "Railroad Blues" contains lyrics with "I'm Alabama bound".[7]
The Tennessee Ramblers' 1928 recording "Preacher Got Drunk and Laid His Bible Down" contains the chorus with the words "Alabama bound". The Ramblers' banjo player, James "Mack" Sievers, claimed to have learned the song from an African-American blues musician in Knoxville, Tennessee.[8]
Jelly Roll Morton's 1939 "Don't You Leave Me Here" has verses including "Alabama bound".
Lead Belly recorded perhaps the best-known version of "I'm Alabama Bound" ("Alabama Bound", Victor 27268, 1940). In the 1960s, the Charlatans recorded a version of "Alabama Bound" based on Lead Belly's in their San Francisco psychedelic style. Lonnie Donegan released a version of "I'm Alabamy Bound" on the 1956 Pye 10" LP Showcase, which reached no. 26 in the UK Singles Chart.[9] The chorus, which featured a rare echoing vocal by guitarist Denny Wright, included the words "Alabamy bound".[citation needed]
Odetta released a version of "Alabama Bound" on the 1956 Tradition label Odetta Sings Ballads and Blues, featuring folk songs, spirituals and blues.
Recorded versions
edit| Date | Artist | Title | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1909 | Prince's Band | "I'm Alabama Bound" (instr.) | Columbia A-0901 |
| 1924 | Paul Whiteman & His Orchestra | "Alabamy Bound" (instr.) | Victor 19557 |
| 1925 | Charlie Jackson | "I'm Alabama Bound" | Paramount 12289 |
| 1925 | Trixie Smith | "Railroad Blues" † | Paramount 12262 |
| 1927 | Charlie Johnson's Original Paradise Ten | "Don't You Leave Me Here" (instr.) | Victor 20653 |
| 1929 | Henry Thomas | "Don’t Leave Me Here" † | Vocalion 1443 |
| 1938 | Delmore Brothers | "I'm Alabama Bound" | Bluebird 8264 |
| 1939 | Jelly Roll Morton | "Don't You Leave Me Here" † | Bluebird 10450 |
| 1940 | Louis Jordan & His Tympani 5 | "I'm Alabama Bound" | Decca 7723 |
| 1940 | Lead Belly & The Golden Gate Quartet | "Alabama Bound" | Victor 27268 |
| † These songs only partially have "I'm Alabama bound" lyrics. | |||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Hoffman, Robert. "I'm Alabama Bound". Robert Ebberman, 1909. (Charles H. Templeton, Sr. Sheet Music Collection–Mississippi State University)
- ^ Giles Oakley (1997). The Devil's Music. Da Capo Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-306-80743-5.
- ^ Pike, Marshall S. "I Hab Leff Alabama". The Harmoneons: New and Original Melodies Sung by Them at Their Principal Concerts, pp. 3–5. A & J.P. Ordway, 1849. (Library of Congress)
- ^ Boone, John W. "Blind Boone's Southern Rag Medley No. Two: Strains From The Flat Branch". Allen Music Co., 1913. (Sheet music)
- ^ a b Lomax, American Ballads and Folk Songs, p. 206: "We include in this version stanzas from Professor White's Folk Songs of the American Negro, from a collection made twenty years ago, and from the singing of prisoners in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi."
- ^ Cohen, Norm. Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong. p. 451. University of Illinois Press, 2000. ISBN 0-252-06881-5
- ^ Cohen, Norm. Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong. p. 450. University of Illinois Press, 2000. ISBN 0-252-06881-5
- ^ Wolfe, Charles K. Notes to Rural String Bands of Tennessee (p. 7) [CD liner notes]. County Records, 1997.
- ^ "LONNIEDONEGANONVINYL - LP'S 1956 - 1969". Freewebs.com. Retrieved 2017-07-22.
Bibliography
edit- Boone, John W. "Blind Boone's Southern Rag Medley No. Two: Strains From The Flat Branch". Allen Music Co., 1913. (Sheet music)
- Cohen, Norm. Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong. University of Illinois Press, 2000. ISBN 0-252-06881-5
- Hoffman, Robert. "I'm Alabama Bound". Robert Ebberman, 1909. (Charles H. Templeton, Sr. Sheet Music Collection–Mississippi State University)
- Lomax, John A. and Alan Lomax. American Ballads and Folk Songs. Dover Publications (reprint), 1994 [1934]. ISBN 0-486-28276-7
- Pike, Marshall S. "I Hab Leff Alabama". The Harmoneons: New and Original Melodies Sung by Them at Their Principal Concerts, pp. 3–5. A & J.P. Ordway, 1849. (Library of Congress)
- Waltz, Robert B; David G. Engle. "Alabama Bound". The Traditional Ballad Index: An Annotated Bibliography of the Folk Songs of the English-Speaking World. Hosted by California State University, Fresno, Folklore Archived 2008-04-17 at the Wayback Machine, 2007.
- Wolfe, Charles K. Notes to Rural String Bands of Tennessee (p. 7) [CD liner notes]. County Records, 1997.