Alba County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈalba]) is a county (județ) of Romania located in the historic region of Transylvania. Its capital is Alba Iulia, a city with a population of 63,536.[2]
Alba County
Județul Alba | |
|---|---|
County | |
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location of Alba County in Romania | |
| Country |  Romania |
| Development region1 | Centru |
| Historic region | Transylvania |
| County seat | Alba Iulia |
| Government | |
| • Type | County Council |
| • President of the County Council | Ion Dumitrel (PNL) |
| • Prefect2 | Nicolae Albu |
| Area | |
• Total | 6,242 km2 (2,410 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 16th in Romania |
| Population (2021-12-01)[1] | |
• Total | 325,941 |
| • Rank | 29th in Romania |
| • Density | 52/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal Code | 51wxyz3 |
| Area code | +40 x584 |
| Car Plates | AB5 |
| GDP | US$ 2.940 billion (2015) |
| GDP per capita | US$ 8,970 (2015) |
| Website | County Council County Prefecture |
| 1The developing regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed to draw funds from the European Union 2 as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He or she is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionaries corp 3w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address 4x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks 5used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utilitary vehicles & ATVs, etc.) and the ones used outside the county | |
Name
edit"Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the city of Alba Iulia. In Hungarian, the county is known as Fehér megye (fehér also meaning white), and in German as Kreis Karlsburg.
Geography
edit
This county has a total area of 6,242 km2 (2,410 sq mi), with mountains occupying about 59% of its surface.
The Apuseni Mountains are in the northwest; the northeastern side of the Parâng Mountains group – the Șureanu and Cindrel mountains – are in the south. In the east there is the Transylvanian Plateau with deep but wide valleys. The three main elements are separated by the Mureș River valley.
The main rivers are the Mureș River and its tributaries, the Târnava, the Sebeș, and the Arieș.
Neighbors
edit- Sibiu County and Mureș County to the east.
- Bihor County and Arad County to the west.
- Cluj County to the north.
- Hunedoara County to the southwest.
- Vâlcea County to the south.
Economy
editThe predominant industries in the county are:
- Food industry
- Textile industry
- Wood industry
- Mechanical components
- Paper and packaging materials industry
- Chemical industry
The mineral resources exploited in Alba county are metals (gold, silver, copper), salt, and construction materials, including marble and granite.
Tourist attractions
edit
The main tourist attractions in the county are:
- The city of Alba Iulia
- The Apuseni Mountains
- Scărișoara karst complex
- Maidens' Fair on the Găina Mountain
- The Dealul cu melci ("Snail Hill") west of Vidra
- Barren Detunata and Shaggy Detunata (Detunatele)
- The Câlnic Citadel and the castle of Gârbova
- The towns and churches of Sebeș and Aiud
- The Ocna Mureș resort
- The Țara Moților ethnographical area. Situated in the Apuseni Mountains, Țara Moților is a region with strong and distinct Romanian traditions.
- Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape - Mining began 2000 years ago on Mt. Kirnik (Cârnic), with well-preserved Roman galleries. A Canadian company attempted an open-pit mine, but abandoned the project around 2007. Roșia Montană is a famous locality among mineral collectors for fine native gold specimens.[3][4]
- The Via Transilvanica hiking and biking trail
Demographics
editAccording to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 325,941 and the population density was 52.2/km2 (135.2/sq mi).[5]
Ethnic composition of Alba County (2021)
| Year | County population[6] |
|---|---|
| 1948 | 361,062 
|
| 1956 | 370,800 
|
| 1966 | 382,786
|
| 1977 | 409,634
|
| 1992 | 414,227
|
| 2002 | 382,747 
|
| 2011 | 327,224
|
| 2021 | 325,941
|
Politics
editThe Alba County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 county councillors, with the following party composition:[7]
| Party | Seats | Current County Council | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Liberal Party (PNL) | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Social Democratic Party (PSD) | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Save Romania Union (USR) | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| People's Movement Party (PMP) | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
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Alba County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns, and 67 communes.
- Municipalities:
- Aiud
- Alba Iulia – county seat; pop. 58,761 (as of 2011)
- Blaj
- Sebeș
- Towns:
- Communes:
- Albac
- Almașu Mare
- Arieșeni
- Avram Iancu
- Berghin
- Bistra
- Blandiana
- Bucerdea Grânoasă
- Bucium
- Câlnic
- Cenade
- Cergău
- Ceru-Băcăinți
- Cetatea de Baltă
- Ciugud
- Ciuruleasa
- Crăciunelu de Jos
- Cricău
- Cut
- Daia Româna
- Doștat
- Fărău
- Galda de Jos
- Gârbova
- Gârda de Sus
- Hopârta
- Horea
- Ighiu
- Întregalde
- Jidvei
- Livezile
- Lopadea Nouă
- Lunca Mureşului
- Lupșa
- Meteș
- Mihalț
- Mirăslău
- Mogoș
- Noșlac
- Ocoliș
- Ohaba
- Pianu
- Poiana Vadului
- Ponor
- Poșaga
- Rădești
- Râmeț
- Rimetea
- Roșia de Secaș
- Roșia Montană
- Sălciua
- Săliștea
- Sâncel
- Sântimbru
- Săsciori
- Scărișoara
- Șibot
- Sohodol
- Șona
- Șpring
- Stremț
- Șugag
- Unirea
- Vadu Moților
- Valea Lungă
- Vidra
- Vințu de Jos
Historical county
editJudețul Alba | |
|---|---|
County (Județ) | |
 The Alba County Prefecture building of the interwar period, currently the headquarters of the Alba County Schools Inspectorate. | |
 Coat of arms | |
 | |
| Country |  Romania |
| Historic region | Transylvania |
| Capital city (Reședință de județ) | Alba-Iulia |
| Established | 1925 |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,433 km2 (939 sq mi) |
| Population (1930) | |
• Total | 213,795 |
| • Density | 88/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Historically, Alba de Jos County was located in the central-western part of Greater Romania, in the southwestern part of Transylvania, with a territory identical with the old Alsó-Fehér County of Hungary. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county changed to Alba County and the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the west by Hunedoara County, to the north by Turda County, and to the east by the counties of Sibiu and Târnava-Mică. Its territory included the central part of the current Alba County.
Administration
edit
The county originally consisted of seven districts (plăși):[8]
- Plasa Abrud (headquarters at Abrud)
- Plasa Aiud (headquarters at Aiud)
- Plasa Ighiu (headquarters at Ighiu)
- Plasa Ocna Mureș (headquarters at Ocna Mureș)
- Plasa Sebeș (headquarters at Sebeș)
- Plasa Teiuș (headquarters at Teiuș)
- Plasa Vințu de Jos (headquarters at Vințu de Jos)
Subsequently, Plasa Ighiu was abolished and two other districts were established, leaving these:
- Plasa Abrud (seven villages, headquarters at Abrud)
- Plasa Aiud (thirty-three villages, headquarters at Aiud)
- Plasa Alba Iulia (eighteen villages, headquarters at Alba Iulia)
- Plasa Ocna Mureș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at Ocna Mureș)
- Plasa Sebeș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at Sebeș)
- Plasa Teiuș (twenty villages, headquarters at Teiuș)
- Plasa Vințu de Jos (thirteen villages, headquarters at Vințu de Jos)
- Plasa Zlatna (eighteen villages, headquarters at Zlatna)
There were four towns: Alba Iulia, Abrud, Aiud, and Sebeș.
Population
editAccording to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 212,749, of which 81.5% were Romanians, 11.3% Hungarians, 3.6% Germans, 1.8% Romanies, 1.4% Jews, as well as other minorities. In the religious aspect, the population consisted of 50.1% Eastern Orthodox, 31.6% Greek Catholics, 7.5% Reformed (Calvinists), 3.4% Roman Catholics, 3.3% Evangelical (Lutherans), 1.2% Unitarians, and other minorities.[9]
Urban population
editIn 1930, the urban population of the county was 33,365, of which 58.8% were Romanians, 23.0% Hungarians, 8.2% Germans, 6.2% Jews, 1.6% Romanies, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was made up of 38.3% Eastern Orthodox, 21.4% Greek Catholic, 14.7% Reformed (Calvinist), 7.2% Evangelical (Lutheran), 6.5% Jewish, as well as other minorities.[9]
After 1938
editAfter the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of Ciuc, Odorhei, Sibiu, Târnava Mare, and Târnava Mică to form Ținutul Mureș. The county was re-established in 1940, but dissolved again in 1950. It was re-established in 1968 in its current borders.
People
editNotable natives include:
References
edit
- ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Roșia Montană (Verespatak; Vöröspatak; Goldbach), Roșia Montană Commune, Alba County, Romania". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
- ^ "Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice". Recensamantromania.ro. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
- ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populaţia la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 şi 2011" Archived 22 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Alba
- ^ a b Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pp. 522-524
External links
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- (in Romanian) Alba County on memoria.ro