Albert de Broglie, 4th Duke of Broglie (French: [albɛʁ də bʁɔj, bʁœj]; 13 June 1821 – 19 January 1901) was a French monarchist politician, diplomat and writer (of historical works and translations).
Albert de Broglie | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Prime Minister of France | |
| In office 17 May 1877 – 23 November 1877 | |
| President | Patrice de MacMahon |
| Preceded by | Jules Simon |
| Succeeded by | Gaëtan de Rochebouët |
| In office 24 May 1873 – 22 May 1874 | |
| President | Patrice de MacMahon |
| Preceded by | Jules Dufaure |
| Succeeded by | Ernest Courtot de Cissey |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 13 June 1821 Paris , Seine , Kingdom of France |
| Died | 19 January 1901 (aged 79) Paris , Seine , Third Republic of France |
| Political party | Orléanist |
Broglie twice served as Prime Minister of France, first from May 1873 to May 1874, and again from May to November 1877.
Biography
editJacques Victor Albert de Broglie was born in Paris, France, the eldest son of Victor, 3rd duc de Broglie, a liberal statesman of the July Monarchy,[1] and Albertine, baroness Staël von Holstein, the fourth child of Madame de Staël. He was therefore the great-grandson of Jacques Necker.[2]
After a brief diplomatic career at Madrid and Rome, upon the revolution of 1848 Albert de Broglie withdrew from public life and devoted himself to literature. He had already published a translation of the religious system of Leibniz (1846). He now at once made his mark by his contributions to the Revue des deux mondes and the Orleanist and clerical organ Le Correspondant. These, and other contributions, brought him the succession to Lacordaire's seat in the Académie française in 1862, joining his father in this august society.[1]
In 1870 he succeeded his father as the 4th duc de Broglie, having previously been styled prince de Broglie. In the following year he was elected to the National Assembly for the département of the Eure, and a few days later (on 19 February) was appointed French Ambassador to London.[3] After his negotiations concerning the commercial treaties between Britain and France were met with criticism he resigned as ambassador in March 1872 and took his seat in the Assembly, where he became the leader of the royalist campaign against President Thiers.[4]
When Thiers was replaced by Marshal Mac-Mahon, Broglie was appointed Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in May 1873. On 26 November, after the passing of the Septennate, the government was restructured and Broglie exchanged the Foreign with the Interior Ministry. His conservative policies roused the bitter hatred of the Republicans, while his attempts to reach a compromise between the rival claimants to the monarchy alienated both the Legitimists and the Bonapartists.[4]
The result was the fall of the cabinet on 16 May 1874. Three years later (on 16 May 1877) he was entrusted with the formation of a new Cabinet, with the object of appealing to the country and securing a conservative majority in the chamber. While the conservatives increased their share of the vote, the election nevertheless confirmed a decisive Republican majority. De Broglie was defeated in his own constituency and resigned on 20 November.
Defeated again in 1885, he abandoned politics and reverted to his historical work, publishing a series of historical studies and biographies. He died in Paris on 19 January 1901, aged 79.[4]
1st Ministry (25 May – 26 November 1873)
edit| Portfolio | Holder | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vice-President of the Council of Ministers | Albert de Broglie | Royalist | |
| Ministers | |||
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Albert de Broglie | Royalist | |
| Minister of the Interior | Charles Beulé | Royalist | |
| Minister of Justice | Jean Ernoul | Royalist | |
| Minister of Finance | Pierre Magne | Royalist | |
| Minister of War | General François Charles du Barail | Bonapartiste | |
| Minister of the Navy and Colonies | Admiral Charles de Dompierre d'Hornoy | None | |
| Minister of Public Education, Fine Arts and Worship | Anselme Batbie | None | |
| Minister of Public Works | Alfred Deseilligny | Royalist | |
| Minister of Agricolture and Commerce | Marie Roullet de La Bouillerie | Royalist | |
2nd Ministry (26 November 1873 – 22 May 1874)
edit| Portfolio | Holder | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vice-President of the Council of Ministers | Albert de Broglie | Royalist | |
| Ministers | |||
| Minister of the Interior | Albert de Broglie | Royalist | |
| Minister of Justice | Octave Depeyre | Royalist | |
| Minister of Finance | Pierre Magne | Royalist | |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Louis Decazes | Royalist | |
| Minister of War | General François Charles du Barail | Bonapartiste | |
| Minister of the Navy and Colonies | Admiral Charles de Dompierre d'Hornoy | None | |
| Minister of Public Education, Fine Arts and Worship | Oscar Bardi de Fourtou | Royalist | |
| Minister of Public Works | Roger de Larcy | Royalist | |
| Minister of Agricolture and Commerce | Alfred Deseilligny | Royalist | |
3rd Ministry (17 May – 23 November 1877)
edit| Portfolio | Holder | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| President of the Council of Ministers | Albert de Broglie | Royalist | |
| Ministers | |||
| Minister of Justice | Albert de Broglie | Royalist | |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Louis Decazes | Royalist | |
| Minister of the Interior | Oscar Bardi de Fourtou | Royalist | |
| Minister of Finance | Eugène Caillaux | Royalist | |
| Minister of War | Brig. Gen. Jean Auguste Berthaut | None | |
| Minister of the Navy and Colonies | Vice Admiral Albert Gicquel des Touches | None | |
| Minister of Public Education, Fine Arts and Worship | Joseph Brunet | Royalist | |
| Minister of Public Works | Auguste Paris | Royalist | |
| Minister of Agricolture and Commerce | Alfred de Meaux | Royalist | |
Bibliography
editDe Broglie edited:[4]
- The Souvenirs of his father (1886, etc.)
- The Mémoires de Talleyrand (1891, etc.)
- Letters of the Duchess Albertine de Broglie (1896)
He published:[4]
- Le Secret du roi, Correspondance secrète de Louis XV avec ses agents diplomatiques, 1752–1774 (1878)
- Frédéric II et Marie Thérèse (1883)
- Frédéric II et Louis XV (1885)
- Marie Thérèse Impératrice (1888)
- Le Père Lacordaire (1889)
- Maurice de Saxe et le marquis d'Argenson (1891)
- La Paix d'Aix-la-Chapelle (1892)
- L'Alliance autrichienne (1895)
- La Mission de M. de Gontaut-Biron à Berlin (1896)
- Voltaire avant et pendant la Guerre de Sept Ans (1898)
- Saint Ambroise (trans., Margaret Maitland in the series, The Saints) (1899)
He wrote memoirs around 1895, which were published in instalments in the Revue des Deux Mondes between 1925 and 1929,[5] and collected in book format in 1938, with a postface by his grandson the 6th Duke: — (c. 1895). Mémoires (in French). Paris: Calmann-Lévy (published 1938). 2 vol.
Family
edit
On 18 June 1845, styled Prince de Broglie, he married Joséphine-Eléonore-Marie-Pauline de Galard de Brassac de Béarn (1825–1860).[6]
They had the following children:
- Louis-Alphonse-Victor, 5th duc de Broglie (1846 – 1906) father of the scientist brothers including the 7th Duke, the Nobel Laureate.
- Maurice (1848 – 1862)
- Henri-Amédée (1849 – 1917)
- François-Marie-Albert (1851 – 1939) great-grandfather of the 8th duke, Victor-François, 8th duc de Broglie (1949 – 2012).
- César-Paul-Emmanuel (1854 – 1926)
Honours and titles
edit
Duke of France (succeeded as 4th Duke of Broglie 1870)
Chevalier, Légion d'honneur (1845)
Notes
edit- ^ a b Chisholm 1911, p. 627.
- ^ Roger Paulin (2016). The Life of August Wilhelm Schlegel. Cosmopolitan of Art and Poetry. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. p. 570. doi:10.11647/OBP.0069. ISBN 978-1-909254-98-5.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, pp. 627, 628.
- ^ a b c d e Chisholm 1911, p. 628.
- ^ – via Wikisource.
- ^ Tinterow, Gary; Conisbee, Philip; Naef, Hans (1999). Portraits by Ingres: Image of an Epoch. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. p. 447. ISBN 0-8109-6536-4.
References
edit- Attribution
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Broglie, de s.v. Jacques Victor Albert, Duc de Broglie". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 626–628.
Further reading
edit- Lebars, Jean (1907). . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- "Les Immortels: Albert de Broglie" (in French). Académie française. 2009. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 8 January 2009.