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Aleksandr Karelin

(Redirected from Alexander Karelin)

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Aleksandrovich and the family name is Karelin.

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Karelin (Russian: Александр Александрович Карелин, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ kɐˈrʲelʲɪn]; born 19 September 1967) is a Russian politician and retired athlete.

Aleksandr Karelin
Александр Карелин
Karelin in 2013
Russian Federation Senator
from Novosibirsk Oblast
Incumbent
Assumed office
25 September 2020
Serving with Vladimir Gorodetsky
Preceded byVladimir Laptev [ru]
Member of the State Duma for
Novosibirsk Oblast
In office
5 October 2016 – 15 September 2020
Preceded byconstituency re-established
Succeeded byAlexander Aksyonenko
ConstituencyIskitim (No. 137)
In office
18 January 2000 – 29 December 2003
Preceded byArkady Yankovsky
Succeeded byAnatoly Lokot
ConstituencyZayeltsovsky (No. 126)[a]
Member of the State Duma
(Party List Seat)
In office
29 December 2003 – 5 October 2016
Personal details
Born (1967-09-19) 19 September 1967 (age 57)
Novosibirsk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Political partyUnited Russia
Unity (until 2001)
EducationOmsk State Institute of Physical Culture
Saint Petersburg State University (D.Sc.)
 
Personal information
Height6 ft 3 in (191 cm)[b]
Weight286 lb (130 kg)
Sport
Country Soviet Union (1986–1991)
 Unified Team /  CIS (1992)
 Russia (1993–2000)
SportWrestling
EventGreco-Roman
ClubDynamo Novosibirsk
Coached byViktor Kuznetsov[1]
Retired2000
Medal record
Event 1st 2nd 3rd
Olympic Games 3 1 0
World Championship 9 0 0
World Cup 1 1 0
European Championship 12 0 0
Grand Prix Ivan Poddubny 5 0 0
Aleksandr Karelin Cup 1 0 0
World Junior Championships 2 0 0
European Junior Championships 1 0 0
Friendship-84 Juniors 1 0 0
Total 35 2 0
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1988 Seoul 130 kg
Gold medal – first place 1992 Barcelona 130 kg
Gold medal – first place 1996 Atlanta 130 kg
Silver medal – second place 2000 Sydney 130 kg
World Championships
Gold medal – first place Martigny 1989 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Ostia 1990 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Varna 1991 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Stockholm 1993 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Tampere 1994 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Prague 1995 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Wroclaw 1997 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Gävle 1998 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Athens 1999 130 kg
World Cup
Gold medal – first place Albany 1987 130 kg
Silver medal – second place Besançon 1992 130 kg
European Championships
Gold medal – first place Kolbotn 1988 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Oulu 1989 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Poznań 1990 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Aschaffenburg 1991 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Copenhagen 1992 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Istanbul 1993 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Athens 1994 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Besançon 1995 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Budapest 1996 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Minsk 1998 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Sofia 1999 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Moscow 2000 130 kg
Aleksandr Karelin Cup
Gold medal – first place Novosibirsk 1995 130 kg
Junior World Championships
Gold medal – first place Colorado Springs 1985 130 kg
Gold medal – first place Burnaby 1987 130 kg
Junior European Championships
Gold medal – first place Malmö 1986 130 kg
Friendship-84 Juniors
Gold medal – first place Budapest 1984 130 kg

Karelin competed in Greco-Roman wrestling, representing the Soviet Union and Russia between 1986 and 2000. Nicknamed the "Russian Bear",[2] "Russian King Kong",[3] "Alexander the Great", "The Experiment",[4] and "The Crane from Novosibirsk",[5] he is widely considered to be the greatest and most dominant Greco-Roman wrestler of all time.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Karelin won gold medals at the 1988, 1992, and 1996 Olympic Games under a different flag each time (Soviet Union, Unified Team, and Russia respectively), and a silver medal at the 2000 Olympic Games. His wrestling record at the senior level was 887 wins and two losses, both considered controversial and both by a single point.[13][2][14][10][15] Prior to his defeat to American Rulon Gardner at the 2000 Olympics finals, a point had not been scored against him in competition the previous six years.[16][17][18][19] He went undefeated in the World Championships, having never lost a match, winning nine gold medals.[18] He was the national flag bearer at three consecutive Olympics: in 1988 for the Soviet Union, in 1992 for the Unified Team, and in 1996 for Russia. In addition to his success in wrestling, he was a sambo champion during his service in the Internal Troops, and participated in a strongman contest.

Due to his dominance and accomplishments, he was named the greatest Greco-Roman wrestler of the 20th century by the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA),[20][18] and is one of the class of ten inaugural inductees into the FILA International Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2003.[21] In 2007, Karelin, alongside Buvaisar Saitiev, were voted the best wrestlers in the history of the sport by FILA.[22] Four times he was awarded the "Golden Belt" as the best wrestler of the planet by FILA – in 1989, 1990, 1992, and 1994.[23][24]

Karelin was named a Hero of the Russian Federation in 1996. Karelin entered politics in 1999, being elected a deputy of the State Duma that year. He sat in the Duma through various convocations until 2020, when he entered the Federation Council as a senator.

Wrestling career

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Aleksandr Karelin in 1989

Karelin was born as a 5.5 kilograms (12 lb) baby.[25] He was an avid fan of literature and mathematics during his school years.[26] He began training in 1981, under Viktor Kuznetsov, who remained his coach through his entire career.[27][1] He initially started boxing, following in the footsteps of his father, until he decided against it.[28] He also tried weightlifting, volleyball, basketball, skiing and swimming, excelling in all the sports he tried.[29][30][31][32][33][34] Being naturally very big, he came to a wrestling gym, aged 13, standing 179 centimetres (5 ft 10 in) tall and weighing 79 kilograms (174 lb),[35] Karelin grew physically very fast and from 16 years of age throughout his entire career he competed in the super heavyweight division. In 1985 he came to an international competition and won a junior world title.[1] He won gold at Friendship-84 in Greco-Roman wrestling as a junior.[36] In 1986, he competed in 14 tournaments, winning all of them.[37][38] He had his first loss (score 0–1) at the senior level at the USSR championships in 1987, to the reigning Russian and European champion Igor Rostorotsky, which was considered controversial;[39] he then defeated Rostorotsky at the next USSR Championships, while recovering from a flu and a recent concussion, by fall,[1] and again in a match that would decide which of the two would go to the Summer Olympics, winning 2–0, effectively retiring Rostorotsky.[40]

Karelin would go on to become a 13-time champion of the USSR, CIS, and Russia from 1988 to 2000,[41] which were considered just as hard to win as the European Championships,[10] and arguably higher in level than the World Championships.[42] He is listed as runner-up to David Koplovitz at the 1992 Wrestling World Cup, for while he won all of his matches at the event, his partner Andrey Grishin competed in the rest of the rounds, and so they did not accumulate enough ranking points to beat the American team.[43][44]

"He's been the man for 13 years. Nobody even had a chance to beat him."

—Rulon Gardner on his opponent.

In the 1988 Olympic final Karelin beat Rangel Gerovski, by executing his signature Karelin Lift and won.[1] With his win, Karelin became the youngest Greco-Roman wrestler to become an Olympic champion at super heavyweight (130 kg) at the age of 21 years and two days.[45] At the 1992 Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona, Karelin won one of the fastest Olympic wrestling matches, pinning Ioan Grigoraş in only 14 seconds.[46] At the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, Karelin faced American Matt Ghaffari for the gold medal. Karelin had come off a shoulder surgery and looked vulnerable against a strong Ghaffari, who was able to repel Karelin's efforts to lift and slam him, forcing Karelin to use all of his skill and experience to defend a 1–0 lead.[47]

After going 13 years undefeated in international competition and six years without giving up a point, he eventually lost 0–1 to Rulon Gardner of the United States in the final of the Sydney Olympics.[48][49][50] Karelin had previously beaten Gardner in 1997 with a score of 5–0 and throwing him three times.[51] His loss to Gardner is considered one of the biggest upsets in sports history.[52][53][54] His loss in the final of the Sydney Olympics was his first and only international loss, having previously been unbeaten throughout his international career.[55][44][56] Karelin retired from competitions in 2000.[2]

Thus his only two losses at the senior level were in finals, those ultimately being the 1987 USSR Championships to Rostorotsky, and 2000 Summer Olympics to Gardner.[10] However, both of his losses are considered controversial, with him also only losing to both opponents by a single point.[39][57] Some argue, such as Finnish former wrestler Tuomo Karila, that Gardner should not have been awarded the point, and that Karelin should have won.[57] Karelin lost a few matches at the junior level,[58][19] but his senior level record was an astounding 887–2.[42][10][59]

In addition to his wrestling success, twice was Karelin the winner of the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR, in 1986 and 1991.[60][61]

Training style

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Karelin was revered for his extraordinary strength and unprecedented success in international competition. He competed in the heaviest weight class of his day, 130 kg (286 lb). His coach was at first skeptical about a big but undeveloped boy, yet he accepted Karelin and motivated him for hard training, both in wrestling technique and physical strength. As a result, over the years Karelin progressed from 0 to 42 pull-ups.[25][62] His conditioning and quickness combined with his dominance of the sport, led to him being known as "The Experiment". When asked why he thought he was called that (referring to a biased opinion on his alleged PED use), Karelin noted that: "No one can completely believe that I am natural. The most important drug is to train like a madman – really like a madman. The people who accuse me are those who have never trained once in their life like I train every day of my life."[63]

Karelin's daily training drills included hours of rowing and long runs through Taiga forest often with a large log on his back.[64][65][66] He favored the overhead press and also used standard 2-pood kettlebells (32 kilograms (71 lb)) for arm exercises at a daily weight routine. He would clean and press 190 kilograms (420 lb).[65] He would reportedly do 10 reps of 200 kilograms (440 lb) of Zercher deadlifts.[67] Karelin would routinely bench press 204 kilograms (450 lb) or more as part of his workout.[68] Tuomo Karila, a Finnish wrestler, while following Karelin's training routine, observed that Karelin was able to do around 50 chin-ups within a minute, and praised his strength and agility.[57] Despite his large physique, he was flexible and agile enough to do backflips and splits.[32][69] When asked about his toughest opponent, Karelin instantly replied: "My refrigerator," referring to the time for which he bear hugged his refrigerator, weighing over 500 lbs,[4][70] and carried it up through eight flights of stairs of his hometown 9-storied apartment building.[71][17][72][73][69] Karelin also took part in a strongman competition, that being the 1991 European Hercules, and without prior preparation, he managed to place 8th.[74][75]

Wrestling style

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Karelin lifting Swedish wrestler Tomas Johansson up in 1988[76]

Karelin was famous for his reverse body lift, the Karelin Lift, where facing the opponent who was lying flat on the mat to keep from being thrown, Karelin hoisted his opponents into the air and slammed him violently to the mat. This devastatingly effective maneuver, when properly executed, awarded Karelin 5 points per throw, the maximum awarded in Greco-Roman wrestling. The throw had long been in use by lighter wrestlers but not by heavyweights – because of the immense strength required to raise, spin and hit the mat with a 560+ lbs combined weight of both athletes (280+ of which resist desperately to the performed maneuver). Karelin's ability to perform this throw against elite opponents weighing as much as 130 kg amazed other participants and observers of the sport.[62][77] His exceptionally long reach, with measurements between 213 centimetres (84 in)[32] and 220 centimetres (87 in),[57][78][79] helped him to grip his opponents' bodies.[32][69] Furthermore, his incredible grip strength was described as being similar to that of "an anaconda", which allowed him to hold down his opponents and prevent them from escaping from his grasp.[80] His strength, size, explosiveness, flexibility and agility led Joe Rogan to describe Karelin as a "human panther".[81]

"He didn't just dominate the world of Greco-Roman wrestling, for 13 years, he terrified the world of Greco-Roman wrestling!"

—Philip Hersh, an Olympic sports writer, on Karelin's legacy.[35]

Injuries

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Like most top wrestlers, Karelin had a number of severe injuries through his career. He credits his fast recoveries to Valery Okhapkin, physician of the national wrestling team, and claims that Okhapkin extended his competition lifetime by several years.[1]

At the age of 15, Karelin broke his leg while training; having learned about this accident, his mother burned his wrestling uniform and forbade him to wrestle. At the 1988 USSR Championships, Karelin won and also defeated Igor Rostorotsky in a rematch, despite suffering from a concussion and high temperature.[82] He won the 1993 World Championships despite breaking two ribs in the opening bout against Matt Ghaffari.[83] Another injury occurred at the 1996 European Championships in Budapest, as he had torn the right pectoralis major muscle so badly that doctors predicted he would not be able to use his right hand for several months. Karelin won the Championships,[84] but he had to be urgently operated on in Budapest. Despite not being fully recovered, he won the 1996 Olympics three months later.[83] He has avoided multiple ear cartilage injuries of both ears, unlike many wrestlers.[18]

International competition record

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Res. Opponent Method Time/
Score 		Date Event Location
2000 Olympic Silver Medalist at 130kg
Loss   Rulon Gardner Decision 0–1 2000-09-25 2000 Olympic Games   Sydney
Win   Dmitry Debelka Decision 3–0 2000-09-25
Win   Georgiy Saldadze Decision 4–0 2000-09-25
Win   Mihály Deák-Bárdos Decision 3–0 2000-09-25
Win   Sergei Mureiko Decision 3–0 2000-09-25
1999 World Champion at 130kg
Win   Héctor Milián Decision 3–0 1999-09-23 1999 World Wrestling Championships   Athens
Win   Sergei Mureiko Decision 0–0 1999-09-23
Win   Georgiy Saldadze Decision 3–0 1999-09-23
Win   Eddy Bengtsson Tech Fall 1999-09-23
Win   Giuseppe Giunta Tech Fall 1999-09-23
Win   Mindaugas Mizgaitis Tech Fall 1999-09-23
1998 World Champion at 130kg
Win   Matt Ghaffari Decision 8–0 1998-08-27 1998 World Wrestling Championships   Gävle
Win   Georgiy Saldadze Decision 4–0 1998-08-27
Win   Yuri Evseichik Decision 8–0 1998-08-27
Win   Juha Ahokas Fall 1998-08-27
1997 World Champion at 130kg
Win   Mihály Deák-Bárdos Decision 11–0 1997-09-10 1997 World Wrestling Championships   Wroclaw
Win   Rulon Gardner Decision 6–0 1997-09-10
Win   Sergei Mureiko Decision 2–0 1997-09-10
Win   Young-Jin Yang Decision 6–0 1997-09-10
1996 Olympic Gold Medalist at 130kg
Win   Matt Ghaffari Decision 1–0 1996-07-22 1996 Olympic Games   Atlanta, Georgia
Win   Panagiotis Poikilidis Fall 1996-07-21
Win   Juha Ahokas Fall 1996-07-21
Win   Sergei Mureiko Decision 2–0 1996-07-21
Win   Omrane Ayari Decision 10–0 1996-07-21
1992 Olympic Gold Medalist at 130kg
Win   Tomas Johansson Fall 1992-07-29 1992 Olympic Games   Barcelona
Win   Ioan Grigoraş Fall 1992-07-27
Win   Juha Ahokas Decision 8–1 1992-07-27
Win   Cándido Mesa Fall 1992-07-27
Win   Andy Borodow Fall 1992-07-27
1989 World Champion at 130kg
Win   László Klauz Decision 7–0 1989-08-26 1989 World Wrestling Championships   Martigny
Win   Craig Pittman Fall 3:16 1989-08-24
1988 Olympic Gold Medalist at 130kg
Win   Rangel Gerovski Decision 5–3 1988-09-22 1988 Olympic Games   Seoul
Win   Duane Koslowski Tech Fall 1988-09-20
Win   Alexander Neumüller Fall 1988-09-20
Win   László Klauz Passivity 1988-09-20
Win   Tomas Johansson Decision 5–0 1988-09-20
1987 World Cup Winner at 130kg
Win   Jeff Blatnick DQ 13–0 1987-10-15 1987 Wrestling World Cup   Albany, New York
Win   Walkover 1987-10-15
Win   Juan Poulot Fall 1:26 1987-10-14
Win   Kenichi Mikosawa 1987-10-14

Mixed martial arts

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On 21 February 1999, Karelin defeated Akira Maeda in a shoot wrestling contest put on by RINGS that drew a gate of over $1 million. The match gained widespread media coverage, including mentions in The New York Times and Sports Illustrated.[85] The match took place in the Maeda-owned professional wrestling organization RINGS. Though widely considered to have been a shoot style wrestling contest, the match is counted as an official mixed martial arts (MMA) match in Sherdog's record database.[86] Karelin weighed in at 134 kilograms (295 lb).[87]

Professional record breakdown
1 match 1 win 0 losses
By decision 1 0
Res. Record Opponent Method Event Date Round Time Location Notes
Win 1–0 Akira Maeda Decision (Unanimous) Rings: Final Capture February 21, 1999 3 5:00 Japan

Political career

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Karelin as a deputy of the State Duma in 2018.

Between 1995 and 1999, Karelin served with the Russian tax police and retired in the rank of colonel.[1] Upon invitation from Vladimir Putin, in 1999, he began his political career. He joined the United Russia party and was elected to the State Duma as a representative of Novosibirsk Oblast in 1999 and 2003. In 2007, he was elected to the Duma as a representative of Stavropol Krai. He was a member of Duma's committee on international affairs.[88] In 2017, he entered the PutinTeam, a social movement aimed at promoting Vladimir Putin's policies.

In 2020, Karelin was appointed as senator from the Legislative Assembly of Novosibirsk Oblast in the Federation Council. He took up the post on 25 September 2020, and is a member of the council's committee on International Affairs.[89] He was sanctioned by the United Kingdom in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.[90]

Personal life

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Karelin in the far back center, with Fedor Emelianenko left of him (2015)

Karelin graduated from the Novosibirsk Institute of Transportation in 1985, followed by the Siberian Academy of Physical Culture, a military school of the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD USSR) and the Saint Petersburg University of MVD USSR. In 1998 he defended a PhD and in 2002 a habilitation in sport-related pedagogy; he also holds a degree in law. His PhD is titled: "Methods of execution of suplex throw counters" (Russian: Методика проведения контрприемов от бросков прогибом), and "Integral training system for top-level wrestlers" (Russian: Система интегральной подготовки высококвалифицированных борцов).[91]

Karelin's father was a truck driver and an amateur boxer.[1] Karelin is married to Olga, they have two sons, Denis and Ivan, and one daughter, Vasilisa.[1] Denis (born c. 1986) tried wrestling, but gave it up in favor of car racing.[92] Ivan (born 1994) is coached by Kuznetsov and competes in the Greco-Roman superheavyweight division.[93] Vasilisa (born c. 1999) is a rhythmic gymnast.[94] Karelin had an older brother, Sergei Aleksandrovich Karelin, who died in 2017 at the age of 56.[95]

Karelin is an Orthodox Christian.[96][97] Since he was young, Karelin has sought to be a "classical man", and is well-versed in music and literature, with an interpreter of his stating "His knowledge and his feeling for poetry, literature and music are incredible."[32]

Starting in 1985, he served in the West Siberian Directorate of the Internal Troops of the USSR and Russia.[98] While serving in the Internal Troops, he competed in sambo, and became a sambo champion.[29][99][100][101][102]

From 1986 to 1991, Karelin served as a sports instructor of the 2nd category for the West Siberian Directorate, then sports instructor of the highest qualification from 1991 to 1992, and then coach of the sports team from 1992 to 1995.[103]

Legacy and awards

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Karelin was named as the greatest Greco-Roman wrestler of the 20th century by the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA),[20][18] and is one of the class of ten inaugural inductees into the FILA International Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2003.[21] In 2007, Karelin, alongside Buvaisar Saitiev, were voted the best wrestlers in the history of the sport by FILA.[22] Four times he was awarded the "Golden Belt" as the best wrestler of the planet by FILA - in 1989, 1990, 1992, and 1994.[23][24] He was also included in the 25 best world athletes of the 20th century.[91] Since 1992, an annual wrestling competition is held in Novosibirsk in his honor.[1][88]

He is cited as being one of the most dominant athletes of all time,[7][104] and as being one of the greatest of all time.[105][106][107][108][109] He is also remembered as being one of the most feared and intimidating athletes ever.[32][110][111][65][112] He is also seen as one of the most gifted athletes of all time due to his combination of explosiveness, strength, intellect, flexibility, and agility.[32][113][81]

He has been praised as one of the greatest wrestlers ever by, or usually as the single greatest ever, by other combat athletes like Abdulrashid Sadulaev, Alexander Romanov, Mark Madsen, Juha Ahokas, and even by Rulon Gardner himself.[114][115][11][116][117][118]


Rulon Gardner stated about Karelin that:[117]

Karelin - God. He was and will remain the best fighter. True, some now think that I am the best. But I'm just an Olympic champion. And I will go down in history not as Rulon Gardner, but as the winner of Karelin.

Karelin was named a Hero of the Russian Federation in 1996 and awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1989), Order of Honour (2001) and Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV class (2008).[1] He was awarded the Serbian Order of Saint Sava.[119][120] In 2017, he was awarded the Order "For Merit to the Republic of Dagestan".[121] He was also named a Merited Master of Sports of the USSR (1988).[122][123]

He is a hidden playable character in the Japan-only, AKI Corporation-created, Nintendo 64 video game: Virtual Pro Wrestling 2.[124]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Known as Novosibirsk constituency (No. 135) since 2016
  2. ^ Sources vary on his height, with some listing him as 6 ft 4 in (193 cm)

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Карелин Александр Александрович Archived 31 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Russian Wrestling Federation
  2. ^ a b c "Blast from the past: The dairy farmer vs the Russian Bear". Olympics. 24 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  3. ^ Plaschke, Bill (24 July 1996). "Forget the Russian Bear: Meet Russian King Kong". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  4. ^ a b Greenwald, John (11 September 2000). "The Summer Olympics: Alexander Karelin". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  5. ^ "DOKUMENT: Så hamnade "Lyftkranen från Sibirien" i Göteborg • 130 kilo Karelin gjorde volter på uppvärmningen". www.expressen.se (in Swedish). 21 July 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  6. ^ "Aleksandr Karelin". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  7. ^ a b Wackerly, Jeff (27 December 2008). "Alexander Karelin: The Meanest Man in the World". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  8. ^ Noyes, Richard J.; Robertson, Pamela J. (2009). Guts in the Clutch: 77 Legendary Triumphs, Heartbreaks, and Wild Finishes in 12 Sports. BookSurge Publishing. p. 287. ISBN 9781439202241.
  9. ^ Pushkarna, Akshit (29 June 2021). "Who is the Greatest Olympic Wrestler of All Time?". EssentiallySports. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  10. ^ a b c d e Андреев, Илья (3 August 2021). "Карелин против кубинского гиганта. Кто более великий?". sport-express.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  11. ^ a b Jackson, Sandra (19 August 2022). ""My opinion is San Sanych No. 1." The best UFC fighter – about Karelin, Sadulaev and Pavlovich". Athletistic. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  12. ^ Андреев, Илья (7 August 2024). "Михаин Лопес ничуть не более великий, чем Александр Карелин. Титулов меньше, поражений больше". sport-express.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  13. ^ Симић, Никола (15 April 2014). "Руски медвед - Александар Карељин". www.rts.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  14. ^ ""У меня нет врагов, потому что, когда хожу, не наступаю людям на ноги". Александру Карелину — 53! — Олимпийский комитет России". olympic.ru (in Russian). 19 September 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  15. ^ "13 години всички се чудеха как да победят Руската мечка. Но Карелин мачкаше наред, докато не дойде шокът". webcafe (in Bulgarian). 15 April 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  16. ^ "Aleksandr KARELIN". Olympic Channel. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  17. ^ a b Oberjuerge, Paul (24 July 2011). "Karelin 'the Great' saw fear in eyes of his opponents". The National. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d e "Aleksandr KARELIN: Three-Time Olympic Champion, Nine-Time World Champion". United World Wrestling. 20 August 2020. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  19. ^ a b ""Все мучились вопросом: как одолеть Русского Медведя?" Карелин – титан нашего спорта, у которого 885 побед". Sports.ru. 6 April 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  20. ^ a b Hipps, Andrew (15 May 2020). "Top Wrestlers of the 1990's". United World Wrestling. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  21. ^ a b "Hall of Fame". uww.org. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  22. ^ a b "Karelin and Saitiyev named world's best wrestlers". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  23. ^ a b "Aleksandr Karelin". outofdrug.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  24. ^ a b "Карелин, Александр Александрович". ТАСС. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  25. ^ a b Александр Карелин: Борьба – это условие жизни Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine. karelin.ru. 25 October 2013. The 6.8 kg figure reported by the Time journal was an exaggeration КАРЕЛИН Александр Александрович Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine. biograph.ru
  26. ^ "Легендарный борец Александр Карелин пообщался с уфимскими школьниками" (in Russian). 9 September 2016.
  27. ^ Kareline, Alexandre (RUS) Archived 19 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine. iat.uni-leipzig.de
  28. ^ "Александр Карелин поделился секретами успеха с «Командой 2018»". pln-pskov.ru. 5 August 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  29. ^ a b "Александр Карелин: мне стыдно перед моими соперниками". Коммерсантъ. 8 September 1998. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
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Olympic Games
Preceded by Flagbearer for   Soviet Union /   Unified Team /   Russia
Seoul 1988
Barcelona 1992
Atlanta 1996 		Succeeded by
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