Alexander of Jerusalem (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Ιεροσολύμων; died 251 AD) was a third century bishop who is venerated as a martyr and saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox churches, and the Roman Catholic Church. He died during the persecution of Emperor Decius.[1]
Alexander of Jerusalem | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bishop and Martyr | |
| Born | 2nd century AD |
| Died | 251 AD Caesarea Maritima, Syria Palaestina |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Churches Roman Catholic Church |
| Canonized | Pre-Congregation |
| Feast | March 18 (Roman Catholic Church) May 16/29 and December 12/25 (Eastern Orthodox Church) |
Life
editAlexander was originally from Cappadocia and became Cappadocia's first bishop. Afterwards he was associated as coadjutor with the Bishop of Jerusalem, Narcissus, who was, at that time, very old. Alexander had been imprisoned for his faith in the time of Roman Emperor Alexander Severus. After his release, he came to Jerusalem, where the aged Bishop Narcissus prevailed on Alexander to remain and assist him in the government of that see.[2]
It was Alexander who permitted Origen, despite being a layman, to speak in the churches. For this concession he was taken to task, but he defended himself by examples of other permissions of the same kind given even to Origen himself elsewhere, although then quite young. Alban Butler says that they had studied together in the great Christian school of Alexandria. Alexander ordained him a priest.[2]
Alexander is praised for the library he built at Jerusalem.[3] Though at his time Jerusalem was officially known as Aelia Capitolina, the name used by the Roman authorities since the city was rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian, Christian tradition persisted in using the original name.
Persecution and death
editFinally, in spite of his years, he, with several other bishops, was carried off a prisoner to Caesarea, and as the historians say, "The glory of his white hairs and great sanctity formed a double crown for him in captivity".[2] His vita states that he suffered many tortures, but survived them all. When the wild beasts were brought to devour him, some licked his feet, and others their impress on the sand of the arena.
Veneration
editHis feast is kept by the Roman Catholic Church on March 18, by the Eastern Orthodox Churches on May 16/29[4] and December 12/25.[5]
Writings
editEusebius has preserved fragments of a letter written by him to the Antinoïtes; of another to the Antiochenes;[6] of a third to Origen;[7] and of another, written in conjunction with Theoctistus of Caesarea, to Demetrius of Alexandria..[8]
References
edit- ^ Christie, Albany James (1867). "Alexander". In William Smith (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 115. Archived from the original on 2007-05-18.
- ^ a b c Campbell, Thomas. "St. Alexander." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 22 Sept. 2012
- ^ "St. Alexander of Jerusalem", FaithND, University of Notre Dame
- ^ (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας Ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Ἱεροσολύμων. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
- ^ (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μάρτυρας. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
- ^ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, vi. 11.
- ^ Eusebius, "Ecclesiastical History, vi. 14"
- ^ Eusebius, "Ecclesiastical History, vi. 19"
External links
edit
- Patron Saints Index: Saint Alexander of Jerusalem
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Alexander". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
