Odin (Old Norse Óðinn) is a widely attested god in Germanic mythology. The god is referred to by numerous names and kenningar, particularly in the Old Norse record.
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List
edit| Name (Old Norse) |
Name (anglicized) |
Meaning | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aldafaðr or Aldafǫðr | 'Father of mankind'[1] | Óðins nǫfn (1), Vafþrúðnismál (4, 53) | |
| Aldagautr | 'Man-Gautr'[1] | Baldrs draumar (2) | |
| Alfǫðr | Alfodr | 'All-father'[2] | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (48), Óðins nǫfn (2) |
| Algingautr | The aged Gautr | The Icelandic rune poem (4) | |
| Angan Friggjar | Delight of Frigg | Vǫluspá (54) | |
| Arnhǫfði | 'The one with the eagle's head'[3] | Óðins nǫfn (2) | |
| Atriðr, Atriði | 'attacker'[4] | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (48), Óðins nǫfn (1) | |
| Asagrim (< *Ásagrimmr)[5] | Lord of the Aesir | Stolt Herr Alf | |
| Auðun | friend of wealth (Edwin, Audoin) | Óðins nǫfn (1) | |
| Bági ulfs | Enemy of the Wolf | Sonatorrek (24) | |
| Baldrs faðir | Balder's father[6] | Lausavísa from Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa[6] | |
| Báleygr | Baleyg | 'the one with flaming eyes'[7] | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (47), Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld's Hákonardrápa (6), Gísl Illugason's Erfikvæði um Magnús berfœtt (1), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (6), Grettisrímur V (61) |
| Biflindi[8] | 'the one with the painted shield' | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (6) | |
| Bileygr | Bileyg | 'the one with poor sight'[9] | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (5) |
| Blindi, Blindr | 'the blind one'[10] | Gylfaginning, Helgakviða Hundingsbana II (prose) | |
| Brúni, Brúnn | 'the brown one' or possibly 'the one with bushy eyebrows'[11] | Óðins nǫfn (6) | |
| Bǫðgæðir (attested in its genitive form bǫðgœðis) | Battle promoter | Þorst 2,III | |
| Bǫlverkr | 'evil-doer, malefactor'[12] | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Hávamál (109), Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (7) | |
| Bors niðr (Bors niðjar) | Bor's son | Egill Lv 23, V (Eg 30) | |
| Bragi | 'chieftain, lord'[13] | Höfuðlausn (31) | |
| Bróðir Vilis, Bróðir Vilja | Vili's Brother | Sonatorrek (23) | |
| Burs arfþegi | Bor's heir | Hyndluljóð 30 | |
| Byrlindi | Distorted version of Biflindi[14] | Sturlaugsrímur III (50) | |
| Darraðr, Dorruðr[15] | Spearman | ||
| Draugadróttinn | Lord of the undead / Lord of ghosts[16] | Ynglinga saga (Ch 7) | |
| Dresvarpr | Óðins nǫfn (2) | ||
| Eylúðr | The ever booming | Óðins nǫfn (6) | |
| Faðmbyggvir Friggjar[15] | Dweller in Frigg's Embrace | ||
| Farmagnuðr, Farmǫgnuðr | journey empowerer | Háleygjatal (2), Skáldskaparmál | |
| Farmaguð, Farmatýr | Farmagud, Farmatyr | 'god of burdens'[17] | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (48), Óðins nǫfn (2) |
| Farmr galga | Gallows' Burden | ||
| Fengr | 'catch; catcher; the one who leads the fallen hearoes to Valhall'[18] | Óðins nǫfn (2) | |
| Fimbulþulr[19] | Fimbulthul | 'Mighty Thuler'; 'mighty speaker, mighty wise one'[20] | Hávamál (80, 142) |
| Fimbultýr | Fimbultyr | 'mighty god'[20] | Vǫluspá (60) |
| Fjallgeiguðr | Shape god | Óðins nǫfn (2) | |
| Fjǫlnir[21] | Fjolnir | possibly 'the one who knows much'[22] | Grímnismál (47), Reginsmál (18), Gylfaginning (3, 20), many skaldic poems, þulur, Óðins nǫfn (2), Skíðaríma (91, 174) |
| Fjǫlsviðr | Fjolsvid, Fjolsvin | 'the very wise one'[23] | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (2) |
| Fornǫlvir | 'heathen ǫlvir'[24] | Óðins nǫfn (2) | |
| Fráríðr, Fráríði | 'the one riding away'[25] | Óðins nǫfn (2), Grettisrímur III (1), Sturlaugsrímur VI (47) | |
| Fundinn | 'the found one' (according to Rudolf Simek, it is unclear if this refers to Odin)[26] | Óláfsrímur Tryggvasonar A III (1) | |
| Gagnráðr, Gangráðr | Gagnrad, Gangrad | 'the one who advises against'[27] | Vafþrúðnismál (8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17) |
| Gangleri[28] | 'the one tired from walking'?[29] | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (3) | |
| Gautatýr | Gautatyr | 'Gautland-god'[30] | Skáldskaparmál, Eyvindr skáldaspillir's Hákonarmál (1) |
| Gautr, Gauti[31] | Gaut | 'Gotlander'[30] | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (54), Óðins nǫfn (1), Friðþjófsrímur, Skíðaríma, Landrésrímur, Hjálmþérsrímur, Geiplur, Bjarkarímur, Griplur, Þrændlur, Skáldhelgarímur, Blávusrímur, Geirarðsrímur, Vǫlsungsrímur |
| Geirlǫðnir | 'the one who invites to the spear-battle'[32] | Óðins nǫfn (3) | |
| Geirǫlnir | Spear charger | Óðins nǫfn (5) | |
| Geirtýr | Gore/Spear God | ||
| Geirvaldr | Gore/Spear Master | ||
| Geldnir | Gelging | ||
| Ginnarr | Deceiver | Óðins nǫfn (1) | |
| Gizurr[33] | Riddler | Óðins nǫfn (1) | |
| Gestumblindi | / | Blind Guest | Hervarar saga (10), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (7) |
| Glapsviðr | Glapsvid, Glapsvin | Swift in Deceit, Swift Tricker, Maddener, Wise in magical spells | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (3) |
| Godan/Goden | Lombard name for Odin | Foulke (2003 [1974]:315–17) | |
| Goði hrafnblóts | Goði of the Raven-offering | ||
| Goðjaðarr | God Protector | Sonatorrek (23) | |
| Gǫllnir | Yeller | Óðins nǫfn (3) | |
| Gollorr | Yeller | Óðins nǫfn (1) | |
| Gǫllungr | Yeller | Óðins nǫfn (5) | |
| Gǫndlir[34] | Gondlir | Wand-Bearer, Wand-Wielder | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (3) |
| Gramr Hliðskjálfar | King of Hliðskjalf | ||
| Grímnir | Grimnir | Hooded, Masked One | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (introduction, 47, 49), Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld's lausavísur (9), Eilífr Goðrúnarson's Þórsdrápa (3), Húsdrápa (1), Rǫgnvaldr kali Kolsson's lausavísur (7), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (1) |
| Grímr | Grim | Mask | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46, 47), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (3, 7) |
| Gunnblindi | Battle blinder | Óðins nǫfn (8) | |
| Hagvirkr | Skillful worker | Óðins nǫfn (4) | |
| Hangadróttinn | Lord of the hanged[35] | Ynglinga saga (Ch 7) | |
| Hangaguð, Hangatýr | Hangagud, Hangatyr | God of the Hanged | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál |
| Hangi | Hanged One | ||
| Haptabeiðir | Commander of Leaders | ||
| Haptaguð | Haptagud | God of Prisoners | Gylfaginning |
| Haptasnytrir | Teacher of gods | ||
| Haptsǫnirî | Fetter Loosener | ||
| Hárbarðr | Harbard | Hoary Beard, Grey Beard | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Hárbardsljód, þulur, Óðins nǫfn (3) |
| Hárr | Har | High | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (2) |
| Harri Hliðskjálfar | Lord of Hliðskjalf | ||
| Hávi | Havi | High One | Hávamál (109, 111, 164), Óðins nǫfn (4) |
| Heimþinguðr hanga | Visitor of the Hanged | ||
| Helblindi[36] | / | Hel Blinder | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46) |
| Hengikeptr, Hengikjopt | Hang jaw | Óðins nǫfn (4) | |
| Herblindi | Host blinder | Óðins nǫfn (5) | |
| Herfǫðr, Herjafǫðr | Herfodr, Herjafodr | Father of Hosts | Gylfaginning, Vǫluspá (29, 43), Vafthrúdnismál (2), Grímnismál (19, 25, 26), Óðins nǫfn (5) |
| Hergautr | Host Gautr | ||
| Herjan | / | Warrior, Harrier, Lord, Leader of Hosts | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (2), Vǫluspá (31) |
| Herteitr | Herteit | Glad of War | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (3) |
| Hertýr | Hertyr | Host-Tyr or God of Hosts | Skáldskaparmál |
| Hildolfr | Battle Wolf | ||
| Hjaldrgegnir | Engager of Battle | ||
| Hjaldrgoð | God of battle | ||
| Hjálmberi | Hjalmberi | Helmet Bearer | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (2) |
| Hjarrandi | Screamer | Óðins nǫfn (4) | |
| Hléfreyr | Famous/barrow lord | Óðins nǫfn (5) | |
| Hleifruðr | Wayfinder | Óðins nǫfn (4) | |
| Hnikarr | Hnikar | Overthrower, Thruster | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Reginsmál (18, 19), Óðins nǫfn (2) |
| Hnikuðr | Hnikud | Overthrower | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (48), Óðins nǫfn (1) |
| Hoárr | One Eyed | ||
| Hǫtter | Hatter, hat-wearer | ||
| Hovi | High One | ||
| Hrafnaguð, Hrafnáss | Hrafnagud | Raven God | Gylfaginning (38) |
| Hrafnfreistuðr | Raven tester | ||
| Hrami | Fetterer, Ripper | Óðins nǫfn (4) | |
| Hrani | Blusterer | Latin inscription, Hrólfs saga kraka | |
| Hrjóðr | Roarer | Óðins nǫfn (4) | |
| Hroptr, Hroptatýr | Hropt, Hroptatyr | Sage[37] | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Hákonarmál (14), Úlfr Uggason's Húsdrápa (8), Hávamál (160), Grímnismál (54), Sigrdrífumál (13), Óðins nǫfn (2, 3, 5), Vǫluspá (62) |
| Hrosshársgrani | Horse hair moustache | Gautreks saga, Óðins nǫfn (4) | |
| Hvatmóðr | Courage of the whet-stone | Óðins nǫfn (5) | |
| Hveðrungr | Roarer or Weather-maker | Óðins nǫfn (5) | |
| Ít-rekr | "glorious ruler"[38] | ||
| Jafnhárr | Jafnhar | 'Evenhigh,' Just as High, Equally High | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (8) |
| Jalfaðr | Yellow-brown Back | ||
| Jálg, Jálkr | Jalk | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49, 54), Óðins nǫfn (7) | |
| Járngrímr | Iron Mask | ||
| Jólnir, Jǫlnir | Yule figure | Óðins nǫfn (7) | |
| Jolfr | Horse-wolf, bear | ||
| Jǫlfuðr, Jǫlfǫðr | Yule father | Óðins nǫfn (8) | |
| Jǫrmunr | The mighty one, cosmic | Óðins nǫfn (8) | |
| Kjalarr | Kjalar | Keel, Nourisher | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (1) |
| Langbarðr | Langbard | Long Beard | þulur, Óðins nǫfn (7) |
| Lǫndungr, Loðungr | Shaggy Cloak Wearer | Óðins nǫfn (7) | |
| Niðr Bors | Borr's Kin | ||
| Njótr | User, enjoyer or needed one | Óðins nǫfn (6) | |
| Odin | Frenzy, Rage, Inspiration | ||
| Ófnir | Inciter | Óðins nǫfn (7) | |
| Olgr | Protector, Hawk | Óðins nǫfn (6) | |
| Ómi | Omi | Resounding one | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (7) |
| Óski | Oski | God of Wishes, Wished For | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (8) |
| Rauðgrani | Red Mustache | Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss 18,[39] O˛rvar-Odds saga 19ff.[40] | |
| Reiðartýr | Wagon God or God of riders | ||
| Rǫgnir | Chief ('He that reigns') | Óðins nǫfn (5) | |
| Rúnatýr | God of Runes | ||
| Runni vagna | Mover of Constellations | ||
| Saðr | Sadr, Sann | Truthful, Sooth | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (8) |
| Sanngetall | / | Finder of Truth/Sooth | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (7) |
| Síðgrani | Sidgrani | Long Beard | Alvíssmál (6) |
| Síðhǫttr | Sidhott[41] | Broad Hat | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (48), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (4) |
| Síðskeggr | Sidskegg | Long Beard | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (48), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (6) |
| Sigðir | Victory giver | Óðins nǫfn (6) | |
| Sigfǫðr | Sigfodr | Father of Victory, War Father | Gylfaginning, Vǫluspá (54), Grímnismál (48), Óðins nǫfn (4) |
| Siggautr | Victory Geat | Óðins nǫfn (6) | |
| Sigrhofundr | Victory Author | Sonatorrek (22) | |
| Sigmundr | Victory protection | Óðins nǫfn (6) | |
| Sigrúnnr | Victory Tree | ||
| Sigtryggr | Sure of victory (Victory-true) | Óðins nǫfn (8) | |
| Sigtýr[42] | Sigtyr | God of Victory, War God | Skáldskaparmál, Atlakviða (30), Glúmr Geirason's Gráfeldardrápa (12) |
| Sigþrór | Successful in victory, Thriving in victory | Óðins nǫfn (8) | |
| Skilfingr | Skilfing | Trembler or he of Hlidshilf | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (54), Óðins nǫfn (8) |
| Skollvaldr | Ruler of treachery | Óðins nǫfn (6) | |
| Sonr Bestlu | Son of Bestla | ||
| Spjalli Gauta | Friend of the Goths | Sonatorrek (21) | |
| Sváfnir[43] | Svafnir | Sleep bringer, Closer | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (54), Óðins nǫfn (4). The root svaf- is an Indo-European cognate to words meaning sleep (Greek hypnos; Latin sopor, sopio, somnus; etc.)[44] |
| Sveigðir | Reed Bringer (see the story of Vikarr) | ||
| Sviðarr | Svidar | Gylfaginning | |
| Sviðrir | Svidrir | Calmer | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (50), Óðins nǫfn (6) |
| Sviðuðr | Óðins nǫfn (4) | ||
| Sviðurr | Svidur | Wise One | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (50), Óðins nǫfn (6) |
| Svipall | Changing, Fleeting (or shape-shifter) | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (3) | |
| Svǫlnir | Svolnir | Cooler | Skáldskaparmál, Óðins nǫfn (6) |
| Tveggi | Double, Twofold | Óðins nǫfn (8) Vǫluspá (63) | |
| Tvíblindi | Tviblindi | Twice Blind | þulur, Óðins nǫfn (4) |
| Þekkr | Thekk | Known, Welcome One | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (7) |
| Þrasarr | Quarreler | Óðins nǫfn (4) | |
| Þriði | Thridi | Third | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (5) |
| Þriggi | Triple | ||
| Þrór | Thror | Burgeoning, Thriving | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (8) |
| Þróttr | Thrott | Strength | Glymdrápa (2) |
| Þuðr | Thud, Thunn | Lean, Pale | Gylfaginning, Óðins nǫfn (7) |
| Þundr | Thund | Thunderer | Gylfaginning, Hávamál (145), Grímnismál (46, 54), Óðins nǫfn (7) |
| Uðr | Ud, Unn[45] | Loved, Beloved, Striver | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (7) |
| Váfuðr | Vafud | Wanderer | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (54) |
| Váfuðr Gungnis | Swinger of Gungnir | ||
| Váði vitnis | Foe of the Wolf | ||
| Vakr | Vak | Wakeful, Awakener | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (54), Óðins nǫfn (7) |
| Valdr galga | Ruler of Gallows | ||
| Valdr vagnbrautar | Ruler of Heaven | ||
| Valfǫðr | Valfodr | Father of the Slain | Gylfaginning, Vǫluspá (1, 27, 28), Grímnismál (48), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (5) |
| Valgautr | Valgaut | Slaughter-Geat, Geat of the Slain | Skáldskaparmál, Óðins nǫfn (8) |
| Valkjosandi | Chooser of the Slain | ||
| Valtamr, Valtam | Slain Tame, The Warrior | ||
| Valtýr | Slain God | ||
| Valþognir | Slain Receiver | ||
| Vegtam | Wanderer or Way-tame | Baldrs draumar (6, 13) | |
| Veratýr | Veratyr | God of men, God of being | Gylfaginning, Óðins nǫfn (8) |
| Viðfräger | Wide Famed | ||
| Viðrir | Vidrir | Stormer | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Lokasenna (26) |
| Viðrímnir, Viðhrimnir | Contrary screamer or 'wide hoary-beard' | Óðins nǫfn (1) | |
| Viðurr | Vidur | Killer | Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (6), Karlevi Runestone |
| Vingnir | Swinger | Óðins nǫfn (5) | |
| Vinr Lopts | Friend of Loptr | ||
| Vinr Lóðurs | Friend of Lóðurr | ||
| Vinr Míms | Friend of Mímir | Sonatorrek (23) | |
| Vinr stalla | Friend of Altars | ||
| Vófuðr | Dangler | Óðins nǫfn (5) | |
| Vǫlundr rómu | Smith of Battle | ||
| Yggr | Ygg | Terrible One | Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Vǫluspá (28), Grímnismál (53, 54), Óðins nǫfn (8) |
| Ýjungr, Ýrungr | Stormy or of the primal streams | Óðins nǫfn (8) |
In Old English, Odin was known as Wōden; in Old Saxon, as Wōdan; and in Old High German, as Wuotan or Wōtan.[citation needed]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Simek (2007:7)
- ^ Simek (2007:8).
- ^ Simek (2007:18).
- ^ Simek (2007:12).
- ^ The use of grimmR and the later form grim in the sense "lord" has only a few occurrences from Sweden. In extant Icelandic material grimmr only appears as an adjective with the meaning "heartless", "strict" and "wicked", which can be compared with the use of adjective gramr ("wrath") as a name for "lord", see Runic Dictionary Entry for grimmR Archived 24 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine at the runic dictionary of the university of Nottingham.
- ^ a b Townend, Matthew (2 July 2012). "Anonymous Lausavísur, Lausavísur from Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa 1". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. 1: 1076. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022 – via skaldic.org.
- ^ Simek (2007:36).
- ^ Simek (2007:32).
- ^ Simek (2007:37).
- ^ Simek (2007:38).
- ^ Simek (2007:46).
- ^ Simek (2007:40).
- ^ Simek (2007:43).
- ^ Finnur Jónsson (1926–28). Ordbog til de af samfund til udg. af gml. nord. litteratur udgivne rímur samt til de af Dr. O. Jiriczek udgivne bósarimur, pp. 51–51. København: J. Jørgensen & Co.
- ^ a b Blumetti, Robert. (2019). The Norse Gods and Their Myths, p. 130
- ^ Heimskringla I (2011) Ch. 7, pp.10.
- ^ Simek (2007:78).
- ^ Simek (2007:79).
- ^ Also the name of a river, one of the Élivágar.
- ^ a b Simek (2007:83).
- ^ Also the name of a mythological king of Sweden, Fjǫlnir.
- ^ Simek (2007:84-85).
- ^ Simek (2007:85).
- ^ Simek (2007:88).
- ^ Simek (2007:89).
- ^ Simek (2007:96).
- ^ Simek (2007:97 & 99).
- ^ Also an assumed name used by Gylfi.
- ^ Simek (2007:99).
- ^ a b Simek (2007:100).
- ^ Also the name of a member of a defunct Scandinavian nation, one of the Geats.
- ^ Simek (2007:102).
- ^ Also the name of a Geatish king, Gizurr.
- ^ "Geldnir" in other manuscripts.
- ^ Heimskringla I (2011) Ch. 7, pp.10.
- ^ Also the name of a brother of Loki.
- ^ The meaning is disputed according to Lindow but Larrington gives the translation "Sage" in the Poetic Edda.
- ^ inferred from Ítreksjóð "offspring of Ítrekr" in a some recencions of the Eddaic þulur. See Hannah Burrows in Chase (ed.), Eddic, Skaldic, and Beyond: Poetic Variety in Medieval Iceland and Norway, Oxford University Press, 2014, p. 122 Archived 4 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ ed. Þórhallur Vilmundarson/Bjarni Vilhjálmsson, Íslenzk fornrit 13, Reykjavík 1991, p. 163
- ^ ed. Guðni Jónsson, Fornaldar sǫgur Norðurlanda 2, Reykjavík 1954, pp. 279ff.
- ^ "Sidhofr" in other manuscripts.
- ^ In plural, sigtívar refers to the gods in many Eddic poems.
- ^ Also the name of a serpent found in the wellspring of Hvergelmir.
- ^ Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Routledge. p. 527. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5
- ^ Also the name of one of the nine daughters of Ægir.
Further reading
edit- Bǫdl, Klaus (2013). "Odin: Der Gott Der Vielen Namen". Gǫtter und Mythen des Nordens ein Handbuch. Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-65219-6. OCLC 901930521.
External links
edit- MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository) Illustrations of Bǫlverkr from manuscripts and early print books.