Algeria–European Union relations

Algeria–European Union relations are the foreign relations between the country of Algeria and the European Union.^[1]

History

Algeria was a part of the European Community during its incorporation within the French Republic, when it was known as L'Algérie Française and was considered a part of the Métropole. Following its independence from France in 1962, the legal status of its relationship with the EEC was unresolved, as the text of the Treaty of Rome continued to refer to Algeria by name as an overseas territory of France to which the treaty provisions applied.^[2] In 1976 the European Economic Community signed a treaty with Algeria, formalizing their relationship as a neighboring entities.^[3]

Trade

Algeria has been in an association agreement and a free trade agreement with the European Union since 2005.^[4]

In 2016, 67% of Algeria's exports went to the EU and 44% of Algeria's imports came from the EU.^[5] Fuel and mining products made up 95.7% of EU imports from Algeria in 2017.^[4] Chemicals represented the second most important exported product, worth 2.9% of Algeria's exports to the EU.^[4] The EU's main exports to Algeria are machinery (22.2%), transport equipment (13.4%), agricultural products (12.8%), chemicals (12.8%) and iron and steel (10.2%).^[4]

Funding and assistance

Algeria is receiving €108 million - €132 million under the European Neighbourhood Instrument.^[6] Currently funds are being used to promote economic efficiency, economic governance, and economic diversification, as well as strengthening democracy and reducing pollution.^[6]

Algeria is a member of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. Algeria also receives funding under the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI), under programmes such as the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights.^[5] In total, these funds under the DCI were €5.5 million for 2015–2016.^[5]

The European Union is helping Algeria with its accession to the World Trade Organization, as well as holding informal talks on migration.^[4]

Chronology of relations with the EU

Timeline
Date	Event
1 January 1958	The European Economic Community is established.
3 July 1962	Algeria gains independence from France following the Algerian War.
September 2005	The EU-Algeria Association Agreement enters into force.^[4]
7 March 2017	The EU and Algeria adopt new Partnership Priorities.^[4]

References

^ Although there has been a large degree of integration between European Union member states, foreign relations is still a largely intergovernmental matter, with the 27 members controlling their own relations to a large degree.^{[citation needed]} However, with the Union holding more weight as a single bloc, there are at times^[vague] attempts to speak with one voice, notably on trade and energy matters. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy personifies this role.
^ "TRAITÉ instituant la Communauté Économique Européenne et documents annexes" [Treaty establishing the European Economic Community]. 13 November 1962. Les dispositions prévues aux articles 1 à 8 inclus de la présente Convention sont applicables à l'Algérie et aux départements français d'outre-mer, CONSCIENTES du fait que les dispositions du Traité concernant l'Algérie et les département« d'outre-mer de la République Française posent le problème du régime à appliquer, à l'égard de l'Algérie et de ce« département«, aux produite faisant l'objet du Traité instituant la Communauté Européenne du Charbon et de l'Acier, [The reviewed laws in articles from 1 - 8 included in the present Convention are applicable to Algeria and the French departments of outer sea. AWARE of the fact that the provisions of the Treaty concerning Algeria and the overseas departments of the French Republic pose the problem of the regime to be applied, with regard to Algeria and this department, to the products being the subject of the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community,]
^ Brown, Megan (2022). The Seventh Member State: Algeria, France, and the European Community. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-25114-4. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Algeria". European Commission Trade Policy. European Commission. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Algeria" (PDF). European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Algeria". European Neighbourhood Policy And Enlargement Negotiations. European Commission. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.

[1] Although there has been a large degree of integration between European Union member states, foreign relations is still a largely intergovernmental matter, with the 27 members controlling their own relations to a large degree.^{[citation needed]} However, with the Union holding more weight as a single bloc, there are at times^[vague] attempts to speak with one voice, notably on trade and energy matters. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy personifies this role.

[2] "TRAITÉ instituant la Communauté Économique Européenne et documents annexes" [Treaty establishing the European Economic Community]. 13 November 1962. Les dispositions prévues aux articles 1 à 8 inclus de la présente Convention sont applicables à l'Algérie et aux départements français d'outre-mer, CONSCIENTES du fait que les dispositions du Traité concernant l'Algérie et les département« d'outre-mer de la République Française posent le problème du régime à appliquer, à l'égard de l'Algérie et de ce« département«, aux produite faisant l'objet du Traité instituant la Communauté Européenne du Charbon et de l'Acier, [The reviewed laws in articles from 1 - 8 included in the present Convention are applicable to Algeria and the French departments of outer sea. AWARE of the fact that the provisions of the Treaty concerning Algeria and the overseas departments of the French Republic pose the problem of the regime to be applied, with regard to Algeria and this department, to the products being the subject of the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community,]

[3] Brown, Megan (2022). The Seventh Member State: Algeria, France, and the European Community. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-25114-4. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2022.

[EC_Algeria-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Algeria". European Commission Trade Policy. European Commission. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.

[EC_Factograph-5] "Algeria" (PDF). European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.

[EC_ENI-6] "Algeria". European Neighbourhood Policy And Enlargement Negotiations. European Commission. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.

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