Louis Isaac Alphonse de Malzac (22 June 1822 – April 1860) was a French diplomat turned slave trader and hunter. He is notably associated with his activities in Gondokoro, present-day South Sudan, where he died.
Biography
editBorn in Sauve, Gard, France on 22 June 1822,[1] de Malzac left on a diplomatic mission to Egypt in 1850 but became a slave trader there.[2] One of the first French people, he entered Bahr el Ghazal, founded Rumbek in 1858[3] and had himself proclaimed "King of the White Nile".[4][5][6]
With his own army, he sows terror and goes up the Nile.[7] Alexandre Vayssière, who accompanied him at the beginning for his ivory trade, as well as the Austrian vice-consul in Khartoum, Joseph Natterer, disavowed his methods and separated from him.[3][8]
He died in April 1860 at Gondokoro while preparing an expedition to the sources of the Nile with Alfred Peney.[9]
References
edit- ^ "Alphonse De Malzac, L'âme Noire Du Nil Blanc - Les Cahiers de Science & Vie". Everand. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
- ^ LANE, PAUL; JOHNSON, DOUGLAS (December 2009). The Archaeology and History of Slavery in South Sudan in the Nineteenth Century. doi:10.5871/bacad/9780197264423.003.0026. ISBN 978-0-19-726442-3. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ a b "Sudan Notes and Records Volume 11 — Sudan Open Archive". sudanarchive.net. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
- ^ "Binder, Franz (1820-1875) on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
- ^ "First Raise a Flag: How South Sudan Won the Longest War But Lost the Peace [Paperback ed.] 0190052708, 9780190052706". dokumen.pub. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
- ^ Willink, Robert Joost (2011-01-01). The Fateful Journey: The Expedition of Alexine Tinne and Theodor Von Heuglin in Sudan (1863-1864). Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-8964-352-0.
- ^ Garang, Kuol (2011). The Legacy of Civil War in South Sudan: Elite Ethno-Politics and Failed Peace Agreements (PDF). La Trobe University. p. 33.
- ^ "The Letter with Annotations | Livingstone Online". livingstoneonline.org. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
- ^ Pinaud, Clemence (2021-02-09). "War and Genocide in South Sudan". Cornell University Press EBooks.
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