The Turkish Football Championship (Turkish: Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası) was a top-level football competition in Turkey. It was the first nationwide championship in Turkish football history. The championship was organised by the Turkish Football Federation (then called Futbol Hey'et-i Müttehidesi).[1] The tournament system was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of each of the country's regional leagues.
| Founded | 1924 |
|---|---|
| Folded | 1951 |
| Country | Turkey |
| Number of teams | various |
| Level on pyramid | 1 |
| Relegation to | None |
| Domestic cup(s) | Prime Minister's Cup |
| Last champions | Beşiktaş (2nd title) |
| Most championships | Fenerbahçe (3 titles) Harp Okulu (3 titles) |
After 1951 and the professionalization of Turkish football, the competition continued under the name Turkish Amateur Football Championship (Turkish: Türkiye Amatör Futbol Şampiyonası) with a completely different status. It was no longer the top-flight championship in Turkey, leaving only amateur teams as participants.
Fenerbahçe and Harp Okulu are the most successful clubs with three titles.[2][3][4]
History
edit
The first competition was held in 1924.[5] Qualified for the tournament were the champions of the various Turkish regional leagues. The only exceptions were Harbiye and Bahriye, the clubs of the Turkish Military Academy and Naval Academy respectively. Both clubs were included by the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) as military clubs, and not as champions of a civilian regional league. Then the competition was not held for the following two years due to insufficient funds.
In 1927 the Turkish government funded the championship and the expenses of the clubs, so that they could afford the trip to the capital Ankara, where all matches took place in the first two editions.[6] The third edition was started in 1932 and the series continued until the end of the season in 1935.
The competition was not held for the following four years. In this period the Turkish National Division, the first national football league in Turkey, was introduced by the TFF. From 1940 to 1950, both national championships were held at the same time. The difference between both tournaments was the competition system and the qualification criteria. In 1944 a special super cup, the Prime Minister's Cup, was launched by the TFF, which was competed by the winners of both championships. It was one of the earliest football super cups in the world.[7] The cup was held in that format until 1950, when the National Division was concluded.
The championship was resumed again in 1940 and was played every year (except for 1943 and 1948) until 1951. In 1942 a new format was introduced. From this year on the champions were decided in the so-called Final Group, which consisted of the champions of the three major regional leagues (Istanbul, Ankara, and İzmir Leagues), and the winners of a qualification play-off, contested by the winners of the regional qualification groups. The 1951 edition was the last one as the top-level championship, as Turkish football became professional in September 1951. From then on the competition continued under the name Turkish Amateur Football Championship until 1996, consisting only of amateur teams.
Champions
edit| Year | Winners | Runners-up | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1924 | Harbiye (1) | Bahriye | ||
| 1925–26 | Not held due to insufficient funds. | |||
| 1927 | Muhafızgücü (1)[6] | Altınordu | ||
| 1928–31 | Not held due to the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam and insufficient funds.
| |||
| 1932 | İstanbulspor (1) | Altınordu | ||
| 1933 | Fenerbahçe (1) | İzmirspor | ||
| 1934 | Beşiktaş (1) | Altay | ||
| 1935 | Fenerbahçe (2) | Altınordu | ||
| 1936–39 | Not held due to the introduction of the National League.
| |||
| 1940 | Eskişehir Demirspor (1) | Fenerbahçe | ||
| 1941 | Gençlerbirliği (1) | Beşiktaş | ||
| 1942 | Harp Okulu (2) | Göztepe | ||
| 1943 | Not held | |||
| 1944 | Fenerbahçe (3) | Harp Okulu | ||
| 1945 | Harp Okulu (3) | İzmit Harp Filosu | ||
| 1946 | Gençlerbirliği (2) | Beşiktaş | ||
| 1947 | Ankara Demirspor (1) | Fenerbahçe | ||
| 1948 | Not held due to the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.
| |||
| 1949 | Ankaragücü (1) | Galatasaray | ||
| 1950 | Göztepe (1) | Gençlerbirliği | ||
| 1951 | Beşiktaş (2) | Altay | ||
Source:[2]
Performance by club
edit| Club | Titles | Runners-up | Years won |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fenerbahçe | 3
|
2
|
1933, 1935, 1944 |
| Harp Okulu | 3
|
1
|
1924, 1942, 1945 |
| Beşiktaş | 2
|
2
|
1934, 1951 |
| Gençlerbirliği | 2
|
1
|
1941, 1946 |
| Göztepe | 1
|
1
|
1950 |
| Muhafızgücü | 1
|
–
|
1927 |
| İstanbulspor | 1
|
–
|
1932 |
| Eskişehir Demirspor | 1
|
–
|
1940 |
| Ankara Demirspor | 1
|
–
|
1947 |
| Ankaragücü | 1
|
–
|
1949 |
| Altınordu | –
|
3
|
– |
| Altay | –
|
2
|
– |
| Bahriye | –
|
1
|
– |
| İzmirspor | –
|
1
|
– |
| İzmit Harp Filosu | –
|
1
|
– |
| Galatasaray | –
|
1
|
– |
See also
editExternal links
editReferences
edit- ^ "1936'ya kadar süren bu dönemde ilk Türkiye Şampiyonası Ankara'da yapılmış ve şampiyon Harbiye olmuştur". www.tff.org (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ a b "Turkey – List of Champions". RSSSF. RSSSF. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
- ^ "Futbolda Türkiye Şampiyonluklarımız". fenerbahce.org (in Turkish). Fenerbahçe SK Official Website. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ^ "Türkiye Futbol Birinciliği". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ "TamSaha dergisi – Memleketin ilk futbol birincisi" (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation, Mehmet Yüce. p. 66. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ^ a b "TamSaha" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation, Mehmet Yüce. p. 90. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
{{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires|magazine=(help) - ^ "First National League and Cup Competitions and a Super Cup". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
Sources
- Yüce, Mehmet (2015). İdmancı Ruhlar: Futbol Tarihimizin Klasik Devreleri: 1923–1952. Türkiye Futbol Tarihi (in Turkish). Vol. 2. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 9789750516955.
- Arıpınar, Erdoğan; et al. (June 1992). Türk Futbol Tarihi 1904–1991 (in Turkish). Vol. 1. Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Yayınları.