Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala, the Amur maple, often treated as a distinct species Acer ginnala, is a plant species with woody stems native to northeastern Asia from easternmost Mongolia east to Korea and Japan, and north to the Russian Far East in the Amur River valley. It is a small maple with deciduous leaves that is sometimes grown as a garden subject, in parks, or as a street tree.
| Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala | |
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| Amur maple in fruit, beside the Amur River in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Sapindaceae |
| Genus: | Acer |
| Section: | Acer sect. Ginnala |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | A. t. subsp. ginnala
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| Trinomial name | |
| Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala | |
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description
editIt is a deciduous spreading shrub or small tree growing to 3–10 m (9.8–32.8 ft) tall, with a short trunk up to 20–40 cm (8–16 in) diameter and slender branches. The bark is thin, dull grey-brown, and smooth at first but becoming shallowly fissured on old plants. The leaves are opposite and simple, 4–10 cm (1+1⁄2–4 in) long and 3–6 cm (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) wide, deeply palmately lobed with three or five lobes, of which two small basal lobes (sometimes absent) and three larger apical lobes; the lobes are coarsely and irregularly toothed, and the upper leaf surface glossy. The leaves turn brilliant orange to red in autumn, and are on slender, often pink-tinged, petioles 3–5 cm (1+1⁄4–2 in) long. The flowers are yellow-green, 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) diameter, produced in spreading panicles in spring as the leaves open. The fruit is a paired reddish samara, 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long with a 1.5–2 cm (5⁄8–3⁄4 in) wing, maturing in late summer to early autumn.[2]
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Autumn leaf colour; Primor'ye, Russia -
Fruit; Primor'ye, Russia -
Trunk; Incheon, Korea -
Mature tree; cultivated, Rīga, Latvia -
Flowers; cultivated, Tharandt, Germany -
Leaves in summer; cultivated, England
Taxonomy
editAmur maple is treated either as a subspecies of Acer tataricum (Tatar maple),[3] or as a distinct species in its own right, Acer ginnala.[2][4][5] The glossy, deeply lobed leaves of subsp. ginnala distinguish it from subsp. tataricum, which has matt, unlobed or only shallowly lobed leaves; it is separated from subsp. tataricum by a roughly 3,000 km range gap across central Asia.[2]
Cultivation and uses
editAmur maple is grown as an ornamental tree in northern regions of Europe and North America. It is the most cold-tolerant maple, hardy to zone 2. It is naturalised in parts of North America. Planted on exceptional sites facing south west with consistent moisture and light loamy soils, this tree can grow 1 m (3 ft 3 in) per year making it a fast grower. It is often planted as a shrub along borders.[5]
In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[6]
It is also valued in Japan and elsewhere as a species suitable for bonsai.
It is a nonnative invasive species in parts of northern North America.[7][8]
Cultivars
editDue to its vigour and fall colours of yellows and bright reds, the size being a small tree of 6 metres (20 feet) wide by 6 m tall on average, it suits many for smaller landscapes and for planting under power lines. Cultivars have emerged for those wanting these attributes.
- Flame (Fiery red autumn foliage, very strong vigour)
References
edit- ^ "Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
- ^ a b c Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins. ISBN 0-00-220013-9..
- ^ "Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
- ^ "Acer ginnala". Euro+Med-Plantbase. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
- ^ a b NRCS. "Acer ginnala". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2024-10-18.
- ^ "Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala". rhs.org.uk.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Randall, John; Marinelli, Janet. The Encyclopedia of Intrusive Plants. Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
- ^ "Amur maple (Acer ginnala) and Tatarian maple (Acer tataricum)". Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
- Xu, Tingzhi; Chen, Yousheng; de Jong, Piet C.; Oterdoom, Herman John; Chang, Chin-Sung. "Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala". Flora of China. Vol. 11 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
External links
edit
Data related to Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala at Wikispecies- "Acer ginnala". Plants for a Future.
- Winter ID pictures
