Amy Cassandra Brown Lyman (February 7, 1872 – December 5, 1959) was the eighth general president of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1940 to 1945. Lyman also served a term as a member of the 14th Utah State Legislature from 1923 to 1924.
| Amy B. Lyman | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 8th Relief Society General President | |
| January 1, 1940 – April 6, 1945[1] | |
| Called by | Heber J. Grant |
| Predecessor | Louise Y. Robison |
| Successor | Belle S. Spafford |
| End reason | Honorably released upon request |
| First Counselor in the Relief Society General Presidency | |
| October 7, 1928 – January 1, 1940 | |
| Called by | Louise Y. Robison |
| Predecessor | Jennie B. Knight |
| Successor | Marcia K. Howells |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Amy Cassandra Brown February 7, 1872 Pleasant Grove, Utah Territory, United States |
| Died | December 5, 1959 (aged 87) Salt Lake City, Utah, United States |
| Resting place | Wasatch Lawn Memorial Park 40°41′52.08″N 111°50′30.12″W / 40.6978000°N 111.8417000°W |
| Spouse(s) | Richard R. Lyman |
| Children | Wendell Brown and Margaret |
| Parents | John Brown Margaret Zimmerman |
Early life
editAmy Cassandra Brown was born in Pleasant Grove, Utah Territory on February 7, 1872, to John Brown and Margaret Zimmerman Brown.[2] John Brown was a polygamist, and Amy Brown was the twenty-third of his twenty-five children. He was also a leader of the Mississippi Latter-day Saints.[3]: 97–98
Amy Brown attended high school at Brigham Young Academy (BYA)[4] from 1888 to 1890. For part of her time at BYA, Brown lived in the home of Karl G. and Anna Meith Maeser.[5] Maeser appointed Brown to head the Primary Department at BYA; she worked as a teacher at BYA from 1890 to 1894, and later taught elementary school in Salt Lake City for two years.[3]: 100 [5]
Marriage
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At BYA she met Richard Lyman,[6] her future husband who would become an LDS Church apostle in 1918. Brown and Lyman's plans to marry were postponed because the University of Michigan, where Lyman was studying, did not allow married students.[5] After Lyman graduated in 1896,[7] the couple was married in the Salt Lake Temple in a ceremony performed by Joseph F. Smith. The couple had two children, Wendell Brown and Margaret.[5]
After their marriage, Richard Lyman became a professor of engineering at the University of Utah.[7] Amy Lyman took classes from the university, including English and history.[3]: 101 In 1902, the Lymans went to New York so that Richard could begin his graduate studies at Cornell University. On their way, they went to a summer session at the University of Chicago.[7] While in Chicago, Lyman enrolled in a class on sociology.[8] She became involved in Settlement House programs and associated with Jane Addams.[5] After her husband graduated from Cornell University, the couple returned to Utah.[7]
Prior to the Second World War, Lyman accompanied her husband to England where he presided over the church's European Mission from 1936 to 1938.[9] In Europe, Lyman presided over women's organizations.[3]: 109
LDS Church service
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Relief Society
editLyman became a member of the general board Relief Society in 1909.[10] She served as both assistant secretary and, later, as general secretary-treasurer. In this role, she collected historical documents, while promoting the use of modern office machinery and practices, such as filing systems.[citation needed]
While on the general board, she established Social Service Department under Joseph F. Smith's authorization.[5] From 1928 to 1940, Lyman was the first counselor to the president Louise Y. Robison in the Relief Society general presidency.[10] As a counselor, she transferred stored wheat collected under Brigham Young to the General Welfare Program. She also assisted in the centennial celebration of Relief Society.[3] Lyman succeeded Robison as president in 1940 and served until 1945.[10]: 197
Lyman received numerous honors including election to the Social Science Honor Society of America, the Distinguished Alumnus Award from Brigham Young University, honorary membership in the American Association of Mental Deficiency, and the Honorary Life Membership Award from the Utah State Conference of Social Work.[11]
In 1943, the First Presidency discovered that Richard Lyman had carried on a relationship with another woman since 1925 for which he was ex-communicated on November 12, 1943, for violations of the law of chastity.[12] Due to the marital problems resulting from her husband's infidelity, Lyman requested release from her union with him.[13] She was honorably released on April 6, 1945,[6] and was succeeded by her second counselor, Belle S. Spafford.[citation needed]
Social welfare department
editPart of Lyman's work in the Relief Society included her contributions to the social welfare department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Lyman studied at the University of Colorado and earned a certificate in social service.[5] She was a member of the State Council on Defense in Utah and was chair of its social service committee. She was selected to be a delegate to the National Conference of Social Work in June 1917.[7]
In 1919, Lyman founded and headed the Relief Society Social Service Department as part of the church's Relief Society program.[7] She would head the department for 16 years. In 1973, the organization became a corporation separate from the church's Relief Society and was renamed LDS Social Services. (The organization has since been renamed Family Services.)[14]
As head of the Social Service Department, Lyman created a training program in which stake delegates attended classes in family welfare work. They would then return to their stakes and to teach these lessons to the members of the church.[8] Over 4,000 students were trained through the curriculum she established for those classes.[7]
Utah House of Representatives
editLyman served a term as a member of the 14th Utah State Legislature from 1923-1924.[5] As a representative, she pushed for statewide support of the federal Sheppard–Towner Act,[7] which provided for federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care and gave matching funds to individual U.S. states to build women's health care clinics.[15] The Sheppard–Towner Act was one of the most significant achievements of Progressive-era maternalist reformers.[16]
Other contributions
editThroughout her life, Lyman was involved with the Red Cross.[7] She attended a Red Cross training seminar on welfare work in Colorado in 1917, and by 1918 she was a trustee and vice-president of her community clinic, organizer of the Municipal Department of Health and Charity, chairperson of the Family Consultation Committee of the Red Cross and the vice-president of State Welfare Commission. She also participated in national organizations like the American Child Hygiene Association, Home Services Institute, American Association for Mental Deficiency and the National Tuberculosis Association. Under her influence, Brigham Young University created its first classes in family welfare work.[3]: 104 She was also involved with the National Council of Women.[1] She contributed to the establishment of the Utah State Training School in 1929, for whom she was a trustee for eleven years.[5]
Lyman raised her granddaughter, Amy Kathryn Lyman (daughter of Lyman's son Wendell), after Lyman's daughter-in-law was killed in 1924. Her son Wendell died by suicide in 1933.[3]: 108 Her husband was later re-baptized into the church in 1954.[5] Lyman died on December 5, 1959[1] in the house of her daughter where she had been recovering from a fall.[3]: 113
Works
editLyman wrote a number of articles for the Relief Society Magazine.[17]
References
edit- ^ a b c Ludlow, Daniel H, ed. (1992). "Appendix 1: Biographical Register of General Church Officers". Encyclopedia of Mormonism. New York: Macmillan Publishing. p. 1641. ISBN 0-02-879602-0. OCLC 24502140.
- ^ "Amy Brown Lyman: Eighth General President of the Relief Society". churchofjesuschrist.org. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Hefner, Loretta L. (1978). "Amy B. Lyman". In Burgess-Olson, Vicky; Allen, James (eds.). Sister Saints. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press. ISBN 9780842512350.
- ^ Gibbons, Francis M. (1990). George Albert Smith: Kind and Caring Christian, Prophet of God. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book. p. 5. ISBN 9781606412145.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Engar, Ann Willardson (1992). "Lyman, Amy Brown". Encyclopedia of Mormonism. New York: MacMillan: 847–848. ISBN 9780028796055. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
- ^ a b Black, Susan Easton; Woodger, Mary Jane (2011). Women of Character. American Fork, Utah: Covenant Communications. pp. 196–198. ISBN 9781680470185.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Hall, David. "Anxiously Engaged: Amy Brown Lyman and Relief Society Charity Work, 1917-45" (PDF). Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 27: 73–91. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
- ^ "Biographical History". Register of the Richard R. Lyman Collection, 1890-1963. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
- ^ a b c Hall, Dave (2010). "A crossroads for Mormon women: Amy Brown Lyman, J. Reuben Clark, and the decline of organized women's activism in the Relief Society". Journal of Mormon History. 36 (2): 205–249. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
- ^ Peterson. Elect Ladies. Deseret Book Company. p. 141.
- ^ Bergera, Gary James (Fall 2011), "Transgressions in the Latter-day Saint Community: The Cases of Albert Carrington, Richard R. Lyman, and Joseph F. Smith — Part 2: Richard R. Lyman", Journal of Mormon History, 37 (4): 173–207
- ^ Dave Hall, A Faded Legacy: Amy Brown Lyman and Mormon Women's Activism, 1872-1959 (University of Utah Press, 2015)
- ^ Livingstone, John P. "14. Historical Highlights of LDS Family Services". Religious Studies Senter. Brigham Young University Religious Education.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|url=(help) - ^ "Sheppard-Towner Act". American History Online. Facts on File, Inc. 23 Nov 1921. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
- ^ Ladd-Taylor, Molly (1993). ""My Work Came Out of Agony and Grief":Mothers and the Making of the Sheppard-Towner Act". In Koven, Seth; Michel, Sonya (eds.). Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States. Routledge. p. 323. ISBN 0415903149.
- ^ "Relief Society Magazine Digital Project : Free Texts : Free Download, Borrow and Streaming : Internet Archive". archive.org.
Further reading
edit- Hall, Dave. A Faded Legacy: Amy Brown Lyman and Mormon Women's Activism, 1872–1959 (University of Utah Press, 2015). xvi, 266 pp.
- Amy Brown Lyman (1945). In Retrospect: Autobiography of Amy Brown Lyman (Salt Lake City, Utah: General Board of Relief Society).
- Richard S, Van Waggoner and Steven C. Walker. A Book of Mormons bio of Amy Brown Lyman