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Andrew Jackson Houston

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Andrew Jackson Houston (June 21, 1854 – June 26, 1941) was an American politician. He was a son of the famous Texas founder and statesman Sam Houston and his wife Margaret Lea Houston, and was named for his father's mentor Andrew Jackson. He served briefly as a United States senator in 1941, appointed to temporarily fill the vacancy left by the death of longtime Senator Morris Sheppard.

Andrew Jackson Houston
United States Senator
from Texas
In office
April 21, 1941 – June 26, 1941
Appointed byW. Lee O'Daniel
Preceded byMorris Sheppard
Succeeded byW. Lee O'Daniel
United States Marshal for the Eastern District of Texas
In office
June 2, 1902 – May 25, 1910
Preceded byJohn Grant
Succeeded byDupont B. Lyon
Personal details
Born(1854-06-21)June 21, 1854
Independence, Texas, U.S.
DiedJune 26, 1941(1941-06-26) (aged 87)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Resting placeTexas State Cemetery, Austin, Texas
Political partyDemocratic
Republican
Prohibition
Spouse(s)Carrie Glenn Purnell (d. 1884)
Elizabeth Hart Goode (d. 1907)
Children3
ProfessionLawyer
Author
Historian

Early life

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Andrew J. Houston was born in Independence, Texas, on June 21, 1854.[1] He was educated at several military academies and colleges, including Baylor University and West Point—a member of the Class of 1875, he dropped out before graduating.[2][3] He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1876.[4]

Career

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Houston c. 1910

Houston had a varied career, including serving as clerk of the federal court in Dallas, a colonel in the Texas National Guard and United States Marshal for the eastern district of Texas.[5][6][7]

Houston ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Texas in 1892 as a lily-white Republican candidate.[8]

During the Spanish–American War Houston raised and organized a cavalry troop which was mustered into service as part of the Rough Riders. In 1910 and 1912 he was a Prohibition Party candidate for Governor.[9]

A longtime resident of La Porte,[10] in 1918 he retired to study and write history. From 1924 until his Senate appointment he held a sinecure as Superintendent of the state park at the San Jacinto battleground, where his father had won the battle which led to the independence of Texas from Mexico.[11]

United States senator

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Coat of arms of Andrew Jackson Houston

Houston's semi-retirement ended in 1941, when Morris Sheppard died while representing Texas in the United States Senate.[12]

Texas Governor W. Lee O'Daniel desired to serve in the Senate, but knew it would be politically unpopular to name himself as the interim appointee pending a special election for the remainder of Sheppard's term. Certain that the 86-year-old Houston would not run in the special election, O'Daniel appointed him to temporarily fill the vacancy.[13] At the time of his swearing in, 82 years after his father had served in the same seat, Houston was the oldest man to enter the Senate.[14] (The oldest person overall was Rebecca Latimer Felton).[15]

Houston joined the Senate as a Democrat, and filled the seat from April 21, 1941, until his death. The early June trip from Texas to Washington, D.C., to begin his duties had a negative effect on Houston's health, and he attended only one committee meeting as a senator, afterwards spending most of his time hospitalized.[16]

Death and burial

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Houston died in a Baltimore, Maryland, hospital on June 26, 1941, five days after his 87th birthday.[17] Briefly interred at Abbey Mausoleum in Arlington County, Virginia, he was later disinterred and reburied in the Texas State Cemetery.[18]

Legacy

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In the special election held a few days after Houston's death, O'Daniel defeated Lyndon B. Johnson and several other candidates, and won the seat.[19][20]

Houston is one of 4 Senators (the others being William Johnson, Edmund Pettus and Strom Thurmond) to be the oldest living U.S. senator while serving and he is the only Senator subsequent to the second U.S. Congress to become the oldest living Senator upon entering office.

Family

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Houston was married twice; his first wife was Carrie Glenn Purnell of Austin, who died in 1884.[14] His second wife, Elizabeth Hart Goode of Dallas died in 1907.[14] Houston was the father of three daughters, Ariadne, Marguerite, and Josephine;[14][21] Ariadne and Marguerite largely devoted their adult lives to caring for their father.[14] Both Ariadne and Marguerite traveled with him to Washington after his Senate appointment, and they were with him when he died.[14]

Houston family tree

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Texas Heritage Foundation, Texas Heritage, Volume 1, 1959, page 100
  2. ^ West Texas Historical Association, West Texas Historical Association Year Book, Volumes 23–25, 1947, page 56
  3. ^ Texas Heritage Commission, Under Texas Skies, Volume 2, 1946, page 97
  4. ^ Ralph Henderson Shuffler, The Houstons at Independence, 1966, pages 75–76
  5. ^ U.S. Government Printing Office, Official Register of the United States, Volume 1, 1879, page 439
  6. ^ United States War Department, Annual Report, Volume 5, 1892, page 235
  7. ^ U.S. Government Printing Office, United States Congressional Serial Set, Issue 4773, 1905, page 90
  8. ^ New York Times, "A Hot Fight in Texas", September 7, 1892
  9. ^ Christian Science Monitor, "Obituary, A. J. Houston", June 27, 1941
  10. ^ "Death Ends Career of Houston, Solon For Just 24 Days". Paris News. Paris Texas. Associated Press. June 27, 1941. pp. 1, 2.
  11. ^ Ralph Henderson Shuffler, The Houstons at Independence, 1966, page 76
  12. ^ Associated Press, Deseret News, Sen. Sheppard, of Prohibition Fame, is Dead, April 9, 1941
  13. ^ Associated Press, San Antonio Express, Andrew Jackson Houston Named Texas Senator, April 22, 1941
  14. ^ a b c d e f "Death Ends Career of Houston", pp. 1, 3.
  15. ^ Associated Press, Paris (Texas) News, Death Ends Career of Houston, June 27, 1941
  16. ^ Andrew Jackson Houston at www.cemetery.state.tx.us
  17. ^ United Press, Madison (Wisconsin) State Journal, Houston, Aged Texas Senator, Dies, June 27, 1941
  18. ^ Ben R. Guttery, Representing Texas, 2007, page 83
  19. ^ Paris (Texas) News, O'Daniel Takes Lead of 379 in Senate Contest, July 1, 1941
  20. ^ Associated Press, Big Springs Daily Herald, O'Daniel Takes Seat in Senate, August 4, 1941
  21. ^ Armstrong, Zella (1922). Notable Southern Families. Vol. 2. Chattanooga, TN: Lookout Publishing Co. p. 183.
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U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 2) from Texas
April 21, 1941 – June 26, 1941 		Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Oldest living U.S. senator
April 21, 1941 – June 26, 1941 		Succeeded by

  This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

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