Feron parmula, also known as the disc gall wasp, is a species of oak gall wasp in the genus Feron.[1][2] It induces galls in a wide selection of oak species, especially white oaks,[3] and including hybrids.[4] The galls are disc-shaped, up to 3 mm in diameter, and pale with red streaking. Adult females emerge in April.[3] The galls induced by F. parmula superficially resemble the galls of Feron gigas, Andricus viscidus, and newly identified species called the "plate gall wasp" and the "orange-cap gall wasp" by Ronald Russo.[3] Galls induced by this wasp have been documented in Oregon and California on the Pacific coast of North America.[5]
| Feron parmula | |
|---|---|
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| A gall formed by F. parmula | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Cynipidae |
| Genus: | Feron |
| Species: | F. parmula
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| Binomial name | |
| Feron parmula Bassett, 1900
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| Synonyms | |
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Andricus parmula | |
References
edit- ^ "Species Andricus parmula - Disc Gall Wasp". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2022-09-08.
- ^ Cuesta-Porta, Victor; Melika, George; Nicholls, James A.; Stone, Graham N.; Pujade-Villar, Juli (2023-11-07). "Re-establishment of the Nearctic oak cynipid gall wasp genus Feron Kinsey, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), including the description of six new species". Zootaxa. 5366 (1): 1–174. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5366.1.1. hdl:20.500.11820/8d7cf66b-8011-4572-b520-b8f5d78deae2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 38220731. S2CID 265191343.
- ^ a b c Russo, Ronald A. (2021). Plant galls of the Western United States. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 112, 113, 129, 187, 290. ISBN 978-0-691-21340-8. OCLC 1239984577.
- ^ Pearse, Ian S.; Baty, Jill H. (2012). "The predictability of traits and ecological interactions on 17 different crosses of hybrid oaks". Oecologia. 169 (2): 489–497. Bibcode:2012Oecol.169..489P. doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2216-5. ISSN 0029-8549. JSTOR 41500048. PMID 22159813. S2CID 6462086.
- ^ "Disc Gall Wasp (Andricus parmula)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
External links
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