Demographics of Angola

Demographic features of the population of Angola include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Demographics of Angola
Population pyramid of Angola in 2020
Population	34,795,287
Birth rate	41.8 births
Death rate	8.01 deaths
Life expectancy	62.11 years
Fertility rate	5.83
Net migration rate	-0.19 migrant(s)
Age structure
0–14 years	47.83%
65 and over	2.3%
Nationality
Nationality	Angolan

Angolas population between 1960 and 2017.

According to 2014 census data, Angola had a population of 25,789,024 inhabitants in 2014. Ethnically, there are three main groups, each speaking a Bantu language: the Ovimbundu who represent 37% of the population, the Ambundu with 25%, and the Bakongo 11%. Other numerically important groups include the closely interrelated Chokwe and Lunda, the Ganguela and Nyaneka-Khumbi (in both cases classification terms that stand for a variety of small groups), the Ovambo, the Herero, the Xindonga and scattered residual groups of San. In addition, mixed race (European and African) people amount to about 7%, with nearly 1% of the population being whites, mainly ethnically Portuguese.

As a former overseas territory of Portugal until 1975, Angola possesses a Portuguese population of over 200,000, a number that has been growing from 2000 onwards, because of Angola's growing demand for qualified human resources. Currently, over 300,000 Angolans are white, 2,450 million Angolans are mixed race (black and white) and 50,000 Angolans are from China, which accounts for 1.35 million people. In 1974, white Angolans made up a population of 350,000 people in an overall population of 6.3 million Angolans at that time. The only reliable source on these numbers is Gerald Bender & Stanley Yoder, Whites in Angola on the Eve of Independence: The Politics of Numbers, Africa Today, 21 (4) 1974, pp. 23 – 37. Today, many Angolans who are not ethnic Portuguese can claim Portuguese nationality under Portuguese law. Estimates on the overall population are given in O Pais. Besides the Portuguese, significant numbers of people from other European and from diverse Latin American countries (especially Brazil) can be found. From the 2000s, many Chinese have settled and started up small businesses, while at least as many have come as workers for large enterprises (construction or other). Observers claim that the Chinese community in Angola might include as many as 300,000 persons at the end of 2010, but reliable statistics are not at this stage available. In 1974/75, over 25,000 Cuban soldiers arrived in Angola to help the MPLA forces at the beginning of the Angolan Civil War. Once this was over, a massive development cooperation in the field of health and education brought in numerous civil personnel from Cuba. However, only a very small percentage of all these people has remained in Angola, either for personal reasons (intermarriage) or as professionals (e.g., medical doctors).

The largest religious denomination is Catholicism, to which adheres about half the population. Roughly 26% are followers of traditional forms of Protestantism (Congregationals, Methodists, Baptista, Lutherans, Reformed), but over the last decades there has in addition been a growth of Pentecostal communities and African Initiated Churches. In 2006, one out of 221 people were Jehovah's Witnesses. Africans from Mali, Nigeria and Senegal are mostly Sunnite Muslims, but do not make up more than 1 - 2% of the population. By now few Angolans retain African traditional religions following different ethnic faiths.

Population

Demographics development according to the United Nations

According to the 2022 revision of the world factbook the total population was 34,795,287 in 2022. The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 47.83%, 49.87% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.3% was 65 years or older.

	Total population	Population aged 0–14 (%)	Population aged 15–64 (%)	Population aged 65+ (%)
1950	4,148,000	41.2	55.7	3.1
1955	4,542,000	42.4	54.9	2.7
1960	4,963,000	43.7	53.6	2.7
1965	5,431,000	45.3	52.0	2.7
1970	5,926,000	46.0	51.3	2.7
1975	6,637,000	46.2	51.1	2.7
1980	7,638,000	46.5	50.8	2.7
1985	9,066,000	47.0	50.4	2.7
1990	10,335,000	47.5	49.9	2.6
1995	12,105,000	47.6	49.8	2.5
2000	13,926,000	47.7	49.9	2.5
2005	16,489,000	47.6	49.9	2.5
2010	19,082,000	46.6	50.9	2.5
2014	25,789,000	47.3	50.3	2.4
2020	32,522,339	47.8	49.9	2.3

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 16.V.2014):

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	12 499 041	13 289 983	25 789 024	100
0–4	2 484 582	2 513 566	4 998 148	19.38
5–9	2 062 888	2 097 287	4 160 174	16.13
10–14	1 504 180	1 533 993	3 038 173	11.78
15–19	1 222 700	1 287 736	2 510 436	9.73
20–24	1 020 699	1 153 802	2 174 501	8.43
25–29	913 726	1 031 323	1 945 050	7.54
30–34	714 239	789 281	1 503 520	5.83
35–39	654 408	728 550	1 382 959	5.36
40–44	510 344	539 742	1 050 085	4.07
45–49	417 953	446 951	864 904	3.35
50–54	332 638	376 532	709 169	2.75
55–59	229 641	253 678	483 319	1.87
60–64	165 937	190 217	356 154	1.38
65–69	95 614	119 773	215 387	0.84
70–74	78 673	101 494	180 167	0.70
75–79	39 257	53 687	92 944	0.36
80–84	28 351	38 441	66 792	0.26
85–89	9 967	14 861	24 828	0.10
90–94	7 603	10 572	18 175	0.07
95+	5 640	8 498	14 138	0.05
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	6 051 650	6 144 846	12 196 496	47.29
15–64	6 182 286	6 797 811	12 980 097	50.33
65+	265 105	347 326	612 431	2.37

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Post-censal estimates.):

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	15 168 180	15 959 494	31 127 674	100
0–4	2 499 013	2 501 045	5 000 058	16.06
5–9	2 486 762	2 525 617	5 012 379	16.10
10–14	2 109 413	2 147 502	4 256 915	13.68
15–19	1 646 467	1 703 593	3 350 060	10.76
20–24	1 324 586	1 389 321	2 713 907	8.72
25–29	1 080 096	1 160 339	2 240 435	7.20
30–34	893 015	978 811	1 871 826	6.01
35–39	743 420	828 169	1 571 589	5.05
40–44	618 724	692 419	1 311 143	4.21
45–49	503 305	556 808	1 060 113	3.41
50–54	401 888	445 257	847 145	2.72
55–59	304 199	343 355	647 554	2.08
60–64	222 814	258 393	481 207	1.55
65–69	148 455	180 188	328 643	1.06
70–74	93 883	119 433	213 316	0.69
75–79	53 235	71 070	124 305	0.40
80+	38 905	58 174	97 079	0.31
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	7 095 188	7 174 164	14 269 352	45.84
15–64	7 738 514	8 356 465	16 094 979	51.71
65+	334 478	428 865	763 343	2.45

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Angola is not complete. The website Our World in Data prepared the following estimates based on statistics from the Population Department of the United Nations.

	Mid-year population (thousands)	Live births (thousands)	Deaths (thousands)	Natural change (thousands)	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Total fertility rate (TFR)	Infant mortality (per 1000 live births)	Life expectancy (in years)
1950	4 478	207	119	88	46.1	26.5	19.7	5.77	181.3	36.35
1951	4 570	212	122	91	46.5	26.7	19.8	5.83	180.9	36.39
1952	4 664	220	125	95	47.2	26.8	20.4	5.95	180.0	36.52
1953	4 759	227	128	100	47.8	26.8	21.0	6.06	179.1	36.73
1954	4 850	235	130	105	48.4	26.8	21.5	6.17	178.1	36.89
1955	4 938	242	133	109	48.9	26.8	22.0	6.27	177.0	37.12
1956	5 022	249	136	113	49.4	26.9	22.5	6.36	175.8	37.28
1957	5 104	256	138	118	49.9	26.9	23.0	6.46	174.6	37.50
1958	5 186	262	140	122	50.3	26.9	23.5	6.54	173.3	37.70
1959	5 270	268	142	127	50.7	26.8	24.0	6.63	171.9	37.97
1960	5 357	275	143	131	51.0	26.7	24.4	6.71	170.4	38.21
1961	5 441	280	150	130	51.3	27.5	23.8	6.79	168.9	37.27
1962	5 521	285	151	134	51.3	27.2	24.1	6.87	167.2	37.54
1963	5 600	289	152	137	51.3	26.9	24.4	6.95	165.5	37.82
1964	5 673	293	152	141	51.3	26.6	24.7	7.04	163.8	38.13
1965	5 737	296	151	145	51.3	26.2	25.1	7.12	161.9	38.50
1966	5 787	300	151	148	51.3	25.9	25.4	7.19	160.1	38.76
1967	5 828	302	151	151	51.3	25.6	25.7	7.27	158.1	39.09
1968	5 868	304	149	155	51.3	25.2	26.2	7.33	156.2	39.48
1969	5 928	307	148	158	51.4	24.8	26.5	7.39	154.3	39.83
1970	6 030	310	148	162	51.3	24.4	26.9	7.43	152.4	40.19
1971	6 177	313	148	165	50.7	23.9	26.8	7.47	150.5	40.55
1972	6 365	320	149	172	50.5	23.4	27.0	7.49	148.6	40.91
1973	6 578	331	151	180	50.5	23.0	27.5	7.50	146.8	41.27
1974	6 802	342	153	189	50.5	22.6	27.9	7.50	145.0	41.65
1975	7 033	354	161	194	50.5	22.9	27.6	7.49	144.6	41.19
1976	7 267	366	166	201	50.5	22.8	27.7	7.49	143.6	41.16
1977	7 512	378	169	209	50.5	22.6	28.0	7.48	142.0	41.44
1978	7 772	392	172	220	50.6	22.2	28.4	7.47	140.5	41.83
1979	8 043	407	176	231	50.7	21.9	28.8	7.46	139.1	42.18
1980	8 330	423	180	242	50.9	21.7	29.2	7.46	137.8	42.45
1981	8 631	440	185	255	51.1	21.5	29.6	7.46	136.5	42.77
1982	8 947	458	190	268	51.3	21.2	30.1	7.46	135.2	43.05
1983	9 277	477	203	274	51.6	22.0	29.6	7.46	136.1	42.09
1984	9 618	498	209	289	51.9	21.8	30.1	7.46	135.0	42.35
1985	9 971	519	215	304	52.1	21.6	30.6	7.45	134.0	42.65
1986	10 333	538	221	317	52.2	21.4	30.8	7.44	133.2	42.84
1987	10 694	557	245	312	52.1	22.9	29.2	7.41	136.5	40.92
1988	11 060	574	247	327	52.0	22.4	29.6	7.37	135.2	41.55
1989	11 439	590	253	337	51.7	22.2	29.5	7.33	134.8	41.77
1990	11 829	606	260	347	51.3	22.0	29.4	7.27	134.5	41.89
1991	12 229	622	250	372	50.9	20.5	30.5	7.21	131.1	43.81
1992	12 633	635	273	363	50.4	21.6	28.7	7.14	134.6	42.21
1993	13 038	650	279	371	49.9	21.4	28.5	7.07	131.2	42.10
1994	13 462	666	274	392	49.6	20.4	29.2	6.99	129.0	43.42
1995	13 912	683	262	422	49.2	18.8	30.4	6.92	128.6	45.85
1996	14 383	702	268	434	48.9	18.6	30.2	6.85	127.8	46.03
1997	14 871	719	273	446	48.4	18.4	30.0	6.79	126.5	46.31
1998	15 367	737	293	443	48.0	19.1	28.9	6.73	127.2	45.06
1999	15 871	757	296	461	47.8	18.7	29.1	6.68	123.7	45.39
2000	16 394	780	299	481	47.6	18.3	29.4	6.64	122.4	46.02
2001	16 942	805	301	504	47.6	17.8	29.8	6.60	118.5	46.59
2002	17 516	830	302	528	47.4	17.3	30.2	6.57	116.0	47.39
2003	18 124	855	286	569	47.2	15.8	31.4	6.53	110.0	49.62
2004	18 771	883	284	599	47.1	15.2	31.9	6.50	105.7	50.59
2005	19 451	912	282	630	46.9	14.5	32.4	6.46	101.1	51.57
2006	20 162	939	281	658	46.6	13.9	32.7	6.42	96.5	52.37
2007	20 910	966	274	692	46.3	13.1	33.2	6.37	91.4	53.64
2008	21 692	994	270	724	45.9	12.5	33.4	6.32	86.5	54.63
2009	22 508	1 022	265	758	45.5	11.8	33.7	6.26	81.8	55.75
2010	23 364	1 049	261	788	45.0	11.2	33.8	6.19	77.2	56.73
2011	24 259	1 074	257	817	44.4	10.6	33.7	6.12	73.0	57.60
2012	25 188	1 103	252	851	43.9	10.0	33.8	6.04	68.8	58.62
2013	26 147	1 130	251	879	43.3	9.6	33.7	5.95	65.2	59.31
2014	27 128	1 156	249	907	42.7	9.2	33.5	5.86	62.0	60.04
2015	28 128	1 181	248	933	42.0	8.8	33.2	5.77	59.4	60.66
2016	29 155	1 205	249	956	41.4	8.6	32.8	5.69	57.0	61.09
2017	30 209	1 231	249	983	40.8	8.2	32.6	5.60	54.9	61.68
2018	31 274	1 257	250	1 008	40.2	8.0	32.2	5.52	53.0	62.14
2019	32 354	1 284	253	1 032	39.7	7.8	31.9	5.44	51.3	62.45
2020	33 428	1 313	261	1 051	39.3	7.8	31.5	5.37	49.6	62.26
2021	34 504	1 339	276	1 063	38.8	8.0	30.8	5.30	48.1	61.64
2022	35 635	1 358	253	1 105	38.1	7.1	31.0	5.21	50.2	61.7
2023	36 750	1 381	254	1 127	37.6	6.9	30.7	5.12	48.6	62.1

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted TFR) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):

Year	Total		Urban		Rural
	CBR	TFR	CBR	TFR	CBR	TFR
2006–2007	42.4	5.8	35.0	4.4	50.2	7.7
2011	45.5	6.3	36.5	4.6	51.8	7.7
2014 (census)		5.7		5.2		6.5
2015–16	43.4	6.2 (5.2)	40.6	5.3 (4.4)	48.4	8.2 (7.1)

Development of life expectancy

Other demographics statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.

• One birth every 23 seconds
• One death every 2 minutes
• One net migrant every 360 minutes
• Net gain of one person every 29 seconds

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

34,795,287 (2022 est.)

30,355,880 (July 2018 est.)

29,310,273 (July 2017 est.)

Age structure

Age pyramid of Angola in 2020

0-14 years: 47.83% (male 7,758,636 /female 7,797,869)

15-24 years: 18.64% (male 2,950,999 /female 3,109,741)

25-54 years: 27.80% (male 4,301,618 /female 4,740,463)

55-64 years: 3.43% (male 523,517 /female 591,249)

65 years and over: 2.3% (male 312,197 /female 436,050) (2020 est.)

0-14 years: 48.07% (male 7,257,155 /female 7,336,084)

15-24 years: 18.33% (male 2,701,123 /female 2,863,950)

25-54 years: 27.95% (male 4,044,944 /female 4,441,028)

55-64 years: 3.32% (male 466,085 /female 540,452)

65 years and over: 2.32% (male 296,411 /female 408,648) (2018 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.76 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd

5.83 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd

6.09 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd

Birth rate

41.8 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd

43.7 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 1st

Death rate

8.01 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 88th

9 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 60th

Median age

total: 15.9 years. Country comparison to the world: 225th

male: 15.4 years

female: 16.4 years (2020 est.)

total: 15.9 years. Country comparison to the world: 224th

male: 15.4 years

female: 16.3 years (2018 est.)

Population growth rate

3.36% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 6th

3.49% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd

The population is growing by 3.52% annually. There are 44.2 births and 9.2 deaths per 1,000 citizens. The net migration rate is 0.2 migrants per 1,000 citizens. The fertility rate of Angola is 6.16 children born per woman as of 2017. The infant mortality rate is 67.6 deaths for every 1,000 live births with 73.3 deaths for males and 61.8 deaths for females for every 1,000 live births. Life expectancy at birth is 60.2 years; 58.2 years for males and 62.3 years for females.

Net migration rate

-0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 108th

0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 67th

Mother's mean age at first birth

19.4 years (2015/16 est.)

note: median age at first birth among women 20-49

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 62.11 years (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 214th

male: 60.05 years (2022 est.)

female: 64.24 years (2022 est.)

total population: 60.6 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 207th

male: 58.5 years (2018 est.)

female: 62.7 years (2018 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

13.7% (2015/16)

57.1% (2012/13)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years (2011)

male: 13 years (2011)

female: 8 years (2011)

Sex ratio

• At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
• Under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
• 15–64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
• 65 years and older: .79 male(s)/female
• Total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 68.1% of total population (2022 est.)

4.04% annual rate of change (2020-2025 est.)

Health

See also: HIV/AIDS in Angola

According to the CIA World Factbook, 2% of adults (aged 15–49) are living with HIV/AIDS (as of 2009). The risk of contracting disease is very high. There are food and waterborne diseases, bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever; vectorborne diseases, malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness); respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis, and schistosomiasis, a water contact disease, as of 2005.

Ethnic groups

Main article: Ethnic groups in Angola

Ethnic groups of Angola 1970

Roughly 37% of Angolans are Ovimbundu, 25% are Ambundu, 13% are Bakongo, 2% are mestiço, 1-2% are white Africans, and people from other African ethnicities make up 22% of Angola's population.

Romani people were deported to Angola from Portugal.

Religions

Main article: Religion in Angola

Angola is a majority Christian country. Official statistics do not exist, however it is estimated that over 80% belong to a Christian church or community. More than half are Catholic, the remaining ones comprising members of traditional Protestant churches as well as of Pentecostal communities. Only 0.1% are Muslims - generally immigrants from other African countries. Some insider news says that there is an unofficial ban on Islam in Angola. Traditional indigenous religions are practiced by a very small minority, generally in peripheral rural societies.

Education

Main article: Education in Angola

Literacy is fairly low, with 71.1% of the population over the age of 15 able to read and write in Portuguese. 82% of males and 60.7% of women are literate as of 2015.

Languages

Main article: Languages of Angola

Portuguese is the official language of Angola, but Bantu and other African languages are also widely spoken. In fact, Kikongo, Kimbundu, Umbundu, Tuchokwe, Ganguela, and Ukanyama have the official status of "national languages". The mastery of Portuguese is widespread; in the cities the overwhelming majority are either fluent in Portuguese or have at least a reasonable working knowledge of this language; an increasing minority are native Portuguese speakers and have a poor, if any, knowledge of an African language.

References

Attribution:

•  This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2007 edition.)
•  This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State. 2003

External links

• Population cartogram of Angola