The Angora or Ankara[a] is a Turkish breed of domesticated goat. It produces the lustrous fibre known as mohair. It is widespread in many countries of the world. Many breeds derive from it, among them the Indian Mohair, the Soviet Mohair, the Angora-Don of the Russian Federation and the Pygora in the United States.[4]: 358
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| Country of origin | Turkey |
| Distribution | worldwide |
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| Wool colour | usually white; also black, brown or grey |
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History
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The origin of the Angora is not known.[5]: 73 The earliest Western description may be that published in 1555 by Pierre Belon,[6]: 12 who while travelling from Heraclea to Konya in southern Turkey had seen goats with snow-white "... wool so delicate that one would judge it finer than silk ...".[7]: 296r
Angora goats were depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 50 lira banknote from 1938 to 1952.[8]
In 1960 there were over 6 million Angora goats in Turkey; the population subsequently dropped sharply.[4]: 357 In 2004 the total goat population of the country was approximately 7.2 million; of these, just over 5% were of Angora stock, while the remainder were hair goats.[9]: 21 A conservation programme for the Angora was established in 2003.[4]: 357
Characteristics
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The Angora is a moderately small goat, standing about 50 cm at the withers.[4]: 357 It is slender, elegant and light-framed;[3] the head is small, with semi-lop ears. It is usually horned; in billies the horns are commonly long, twisted and strong.[4]: 357 With the exception of the face and legs, the animal is entirely covered in a coat of long ringlets of fine and lustrous mohair.[3] This is not goat hair as seen on other breeds, but the down or undercoat which, in this breed only, grows much longer than the outer hair coat. The face and coat are normally white, but – particularly in southern Turkey – black, brown and grey animals also occur.[4]: 357
Use
editThe goats are reared either for mohair or for their goat's meat.[4]: 357 Mohair is not as fine as cashmere, but yields are much higher. Unlike cashmere, which is obtained by combing the coat of the goat, mohair is obtained by shearing; this is commonly done twice per year.[4]: 357 In 2010 approximately half of all mohair production was in South Africa; Argentina and Lesotho were also major producers, followed by the United States, Turkey, Australia and New Zealand.[10]: 8
In some other countries the Angora is reared for its meat, which is succulent and tender, and which in the early twentieth century was described as the best of its kind in the world.[4]: 357
See also
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editReferences
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- ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
- ^ Transboundary breed summary: Goat / Angora. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed July 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Breed data sheet: Ankara / Turkey (Goat). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed July 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
- ^ Lawrance Hunter, E.L. Hunter (2001). Mohair. In: Robert R. Franck (editor) (2001). Silk, Mohair, Cashmere and Other Luxury Fibres. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 9781855735408, pages 68–132.
- ^ John L. Hayes (1868). The Angora Goat: Its Origin, Culture and Products. Boston: Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History.
- ^ Pierre Belon (1555). Les Observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses mémorables trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Judée, Égypte, Arabie et autres pays estranges, rédigées en trois livres, par Pierre Belon (in French). Anvers: chez Iean Steelsius à l'escu de Bourgoigne. "Les Cheures de ce pays portent la laine si deliée, qu'on la iugeroit estre plus fine que soye; aussi surpasse elle la neige en blancheur".
- ^ Fifty Turkish Lira, issue E2, series 1; issue E3, series 1; issue E3, series 2. Ankara: Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey / Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası. All archived February 2012.
- ^ [s.n.] (2004). Turkey: Country Report on Farm Animal Genetic Resources. Ankara. Annex to: Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 10 January 2017.
- ^ [s.n.] (2011). A Profile of the South African Mohair Market Value Chain. Arcadia, Pretoria: Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries. Archived 30 December 2012.