Anyphaenidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called anyphaenid sac spiders or ghost spiders. They are distinguished from the sac spiders of the family Clubionidae and other spiders by having the abdominal spiracle placed one third to one half of the way anterior to the spinnerets toward the epigastric furrow on the underside of the abdomen. In most spiders the spiracle is just anterior to the spinnerets.
| Anyphaenidae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Ghost spider (Hibana incursa) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Anyphaenidae Bertkau, 1878 |
| Diversity | |
| 58 genera, 614 species | |
| |
Like clubionids, anyphaenids have conical anterior spinnerets and are wandering predators that build silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks. There are more than 600 species in over 50 genera worldwide.
The family is widespread and includes such common genera as Anyphaena (worldwide except tropical Africa and Asia) and Hibana (New World). Only one species (A. accentuata) occurs in northwestern Europe.
Species in the latter genus are important predators in several agricultural systems, especially tree crops. They are able to detect and feed on insect eggs, despite their poor eyesight. They share this ability at least with some miturgid spiders.
Genera
editAs of January 2023[update], the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[1]
- Acanthoceto Mello-Leitão, 1944 — South America
- Aljassa Brescovit, 1997 — South America
- Amaurobioides O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1883 — Africa, Chile, Australia, New Zealand
- Anyphaena Sundevall, 1833 — Asia, Americas, Europe, Algeria
- Anyphaenoides Berland, 1913 — South America, Central America, Trinidad
- Arachosia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 — South America, North America, Cuba, Panama
- Araiya Ramírez, 2003 — Chile, Argentina
- Australaena Berland, 1942 — French Polynesia
- Axyracrus Simon, 1884 — Chile, Argentina
- Aysenia Tullgren, 1902 — Chile, Argentina
- Aysenoides Ramírez, 2003 — Chile, Argentina
- Aysha Keyserling, 1891 — South America, Panama
- Bromelina Brescovit, 1993 — Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela
- Buckupiella Brescovit, 1997 — Brazil, Argentina
- Coptoprepes Simon, 1884 — Chile, Argentina
- Ferrieria Tullgren, 1901 — Chile, Argentina
- Gamakia Ramírez, 2003 — Chile
- Gayenna Nicolet, 1849 — South America, Mexico
- Gayennoides Ramírez, 2003 — Chile
- Hatitia Brescovit, 1997 — Ecuador, Peru, Colombia
- Hibana Brescovit, 1991 — North and South America, Caribbean
- Iguarima Brescovit, 1997 — Brazil, Ecuador
- Ilocomba Brescovit, 1997 — Colombia
- Isigonia Simon, 1897 — South America, Panama
- Italaman Brescovit, 1997 — Colombia, Brazil, Argentina
- Jessica Brescovit, 1997 — South America
- Josa Keyserling, 1891 — South America, Costa Rica, Mexico
- Katissa Brescovit, 1997 — Central America, South America
- Lepajan Brescovit, 1993 — Ecuador, Panama
- Lupettiana Brescovit, 1997 — Costa Rica, Caribbean, South America, United States
- Macrophyes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 — Mexico, Central America, South America
- Mesilla Simon, 1903 — Colombia, Ecuador
- Monapia Simon, 1897 — Chile, Uruguay, Argentina
- Negayan Ramírez, 2003 — Chile, Argentina, Peru
- Osoriella Mello-Leitão, 1922 — South America
- Otoniela Brescovit, 1997 — South America
- Oxysoma Nicolet, 1849 — Chile, Argentina, Brazil
- Patrera Simon, 1903 — South America, Central America
- Phidyle Simon, 1880 — Chile
- Philisca Simon, 1884 — Chile, Argentina
- Pippuhana Brescovit, 1997 — United States, Panama, Brazil
- Rathalos Lin & Li, 2022 — China
- Sanogasta Mello-Leitão, 1941 — South America
- Selknamia Ramírez, 2003 — Chile, Argentina
- Shuyushka Dupérré & Tapia, 2016 — Ecuador
- Sillus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900 — Mexico, Central America, Brazil
- Sinophaena Lin & Li, 2021 — China
- Tafana Simon, 1903 — Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia
- Tasata Simon, 1903 — South America
- Temnida Simon, 1896 — South America
- Teudis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Central America
- Thaloe Brescovit, 1993 — Cuba
- Timbuka Brescovit, 1997 — South America, Central America, Mexico
- Tomopisthes Simon, 1884 — Chile, Argentina
- Umuara Brescovit, 1997 — Venezuela, Brazil, Peru
- Wulfila O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895 — North America, South America, Central America, Caribbean
- Wulfilopsis Soares & Camargo, 1955 — Brazil
- Xiruana Brescovit, 1997 — South America
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Family: Anyphaenidae Bertkau, 1878". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Archived from the original on 2023-01-19. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
External links
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