An apparatchik (Russian: аппара́тчик) was a full-time, professional functionary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union or the Soviet government apparat (аппарат, apparatus), someone who held any position of bureaucratic or political responsibility, with the exception of the higher ranks of management called nomenklatura. James Billington describes an apparatchik as "a man not of grand plans, but of a hundred carefully executed details."[1] The term is often considered derogatory, with negative connotations in terms of the quality, competence, and attitude of a person thus described.[2]
| Apparatchik | |
| Russian | аппаратчик |
|---|---|
| Romanization | apparatchik |
| Literal meaning | functionary |
Members of the apparat (apparatchiks or apparatchiki) were frequently transferred between different areas of responsibility, usually with little or no actual training for their new areas of responsibility. Thus, the term apparatchik, or "agent of the apparatus" was usually the best possible description of the person's profession and occupation.[3] Not all apparatchiks held lifelong positions. Many only entered such positions in middle age.[4] They were known to receive various benefits including free holiday vouchers, free meals and accommodation.[5] Today apparatchik is also used in contexts other than that of the Soviet Union or communist countries. According to Collins English Dictionary the word can mean "an official or bureaucrat in any organization".[6] According to Douglas Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary, the term was also used in the meaning "Communist agent or spy", originating in the writings of Arthur Koestler, c. 1941.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Billington, James H. (1999). Fire in the Minds of Men. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 455. ISBN 978-0-7658-0471-6.
- ^ Pearson, Raymond (1998). The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire. New York City: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-17407-1.
- ^ Huntford, Roland (1972). "Chapter 7: The Rule of the Apparatchiks". The New Totalitarians. New York City: Stein & Day. p. 135. ISBN 0-8128-1408-8.
- ^ Lane, David Stuart & Ross, Cameron (1999). The Transition from Communism to Capitalism: Ruling Elites from Gorbachev to Yeltsin. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 25–26. ISBN 0-312-21612-2.
- ^ Liivik, Olev (28 October 2020). "The Elite and Their Privileges in the Soviet Union". Communist Crimes. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ "apparatchik". Collins English Dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved 2 August 2012.
- ^ "Apparatchik". Dictionary.com.
Further reading
edit- Brzezinski, Zbigniew & Huntington, Samuel P. (1964). Political Power: USA/USSR. New York City: Viking Press. pp. 142, 150 & 172.
External links
edit
- Shea, Robert (1990). "Empire of the Rising Scum". BobShea.net.