Wikipedia

Aphaeninae

(Redirected from Aphaenini)

The subfamily Aphaeninae is a group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics. They belong to the Fulgoridae (fulgorids), though they are not among the better-known members of that family that are called "lantern bugs" or "lanternflies" (although as true bugs they are only distantly related to true flies). In 2009, the first molecular analysis of the Fulgoridae challenged the existing structure of eight currently recognized subfamilies and eleven tribes.

Aphaeninae
Flatolystra verrucosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha
Family: Fulgoridae
Subfamily: Aphaeninae
Blanchard, 1847
Tribes

See text

Aphaeninae contain a number of well-sized fulgorids. If seen flying at a distance, they can be mistaken for Lepidoptera, as they are large winged and boldly patterned, although usually not as colorful as some other fulgorids.

The future of the Aphaeninae as a subfamily is unclear since the species assigned to it are interlineated in the molecular analysis with species of other Fulgoridae subfamilies.[1][2] The tribe Enchophorini, previously placed here, has been raised to a subfamily.

Tribes and genera

edit

There have until recently been three tribes placed within Aphaeninae, but recent research suggests that the tribe Pyropsini should also be included here (e.g.,[3][4]).

Aphaenini

edit

Auth.: Blanchard, 1847 and Distant, 1906 (distribution: worldwide tropics)

  • Anecphora Karsch, 1890 (equatorial Africa)
  • Aphaena Guérin-Méneville, 1834 (type genus: Asia)
  • Calmar Kirkaldy, 1901 (Gambia)
  • Coelodictya Jacobi, 1910 (E. Africa)
  • Copidocephala Stål, 1869 (Central Americas)
  • Eddara Walker, 1858 (Sub-Saharan Africa)
  • Egregia Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010 (Malesia)
  • Holodictya Gerstaecker, 1895 (Equatorial Africa)
  • Hypselometopum Stål, 1853 (Sub-Saharan Africa)
  • Kalidasa Kirkaldy, 1900 (India, Indo-China)
  • Lycorma Stål, 1863 (Asia: incl. invasive sp.)
  • Malfeytia Schmidt, 1905 (Congo basin)
  • Metaphaena Schmidt, 1905 (Central Africa)
  • Novodictya Lallemand, 1928 (Congo basin)
  • Omalocephala Spinola, 1839 (Africa, S. India, Sri Lanka)
  • Penthicodes Blanchard, 1845 (South-East Asia: esp. Indo-China & Malesia)
    • Species in the "artificial, heterogenous genus" Aphaenina Metcalf, 1947 are now synonyms of Penthicodes spp.[5]
  • Prolepta Walker, 1851 (Malesia)
  • Scamandra Stål, 1863[6] (Malesia)
  • Ulasia Stål, 1863 (PNG)

Benamatapini

edit

Auth.: Lallemand, 1959 (central Africa)

  1. Benamatapa Distant, 1899

Limoisini

edit

Auth.: Lallemand, 1963 (East Asian mainland, New Guinea, Australia)

  1. Bloeteanella Lallemand, 1959 (New Guinea)
  2. Erilla Distant, 1906
  3. Limois Stål, 1863 (Asia: esp. China) - type genus
  4. Neolieftinckana Lallemand, 1963 (New Guinea)
  5. Nisax Fennah, 1977
  6. Ombro Fennah, 1977
  7. Saramel Fennah, 1977 (New Guinea)

Pyropsini

edit

Auth.: Haupt, 1929 (tropical Asia) (Synonym: Laternariini Distant, 1906 - unavailable, suppressed by ICZN ruling)

  1. Datua Schmidt, 1911
  2. Hariola Stål, 1863
  3. Pyrops Spinola, 1839 (previously Laternaria, the genus may be incertae sedis by some authorities)
  4. Saiva Distant, 1906

Incertae sedis

edit
  1. Bhaskaraena Constant, 2016 (Malesia)
  2. Birdantis Stål, 1863
  3. Neoalcathous Wang & Huang, 1989 (China, Vietnam)

Genera formerly placed here

edit

The following PNG/Australian genera were previously placed here, but are now in the Poiocerinae: tribe Poiocerini Haupt, 1929:

  • Desudaba Walker, 1858 (formerly in the tribe Aphaenini Schmidt, 1912)
  • Galela Distant, 1906 (formerly in the tribe Aphaenini Schmidt, 1912)
  • The type species of genus Apossoda, A. togoensis Schmidt, 1911, is now placed in Pyrgoteles: P. togoensis (Schmidt, 1911)[8]

Adverse effects

edit

Spotted lanternfly is a fulgorid native to temperate Southeast Asia, which is an invasive species in South Korea, Japan, and the United States. It can cause significant problems for vineyards, fruit trees, ornamentals, and forests.[9] It feeds on a variety of crops, and the sugary sap it excretes, known as honeydew, encourages a fungal growth called sooty mold that can kill plants by blocking photosynthesis.[10] In September 2021 a boy included one of these rare and dangerous insects in his bug collection at the Kansas State Fair, triggering a federal investigation because the lanternfly had previously not been found farther west than southeastern Indiana.[10]

References

edit
  1. ^ Urban, Julie M.; Cryan, Jason R. (2009). "Entomologically famous, evolutionarily unexplored: the first phylogeny of the lanternfly family Fulgoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 50 (3): 471–484. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.004. PMID 19118634.
  2. ^ "2010 Project Updates from the Cryan Lab" (PDF). University of Connecticut.
  3. ^ Constant, Jérôme & Pham, Thai. (2022). The Lanternfly genus Pyrops in Vietnam: A new species from Central Vietnam, taxonomic changes, checklist, identification key (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 813. 123-154. 10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1741.
  4. ^ Jiaranaisakul, Kawin & Constant, Jérôme & Pinkaew, Nantasak. (2024). Review of the lanternfly genus Pyrops of Thailand (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) with notes and keys to species. Zootaxa. 5397. 47-79. 10.11646/zootaxa.5397.1.3.
  5. ^ Constant, Jerome (2010). "The lanternfly genus Penthicodes: key to the species and review of the "Ereosoma group" with two new species and one new subspecies (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". Zootaxa. 2523: 1–26. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2523.1.1. Abstract
  6. ^ Constant, Jerome (2013). "The Oriental lanternfly genus Scamandra: new species and taxonomical notes (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". Zootaxa. 3709 (2): 134–148. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3709.2.2. PMID 26240901.
  7. ^ Liang, Ai-Ping (1995). "Taxonomic changes in oriental Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 103 (2): 162–164. JSTOR 25010151.
  8. ^ Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (retrieved 26 June 2018)
  9. ^ Kevin Ambrose and Kasha Patel (13 Sep 2021). "The invasive spotted lantern fly is spreading across the Mid-Atlantic". The Washington Post.
  10. ^ a b Jonathan Edwards (15 Sep 2021). "A Kansas boy entered a unique insect at the state fair. It triggered a federal investigation". The Washington Post.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aphaeninae&oldid=1233913015#Aphaenini"