The Apis Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian artifact, the work of scribes upon papyrus, concerning the Apis bull.[2]
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Language
editThe text on the papyrus is written in hieratic-demotic script, and the inscriptions are the work of two scribes.[3][4]
Dating
editAccording to one source the papyrus was written during the middle of the 2nd century BC, another source dates the papyrus to a period falling within the 26th Dynasty, and a third considers the papyrus dates to the 1st century C.E.[3][5][6][2]
Contents
editThe text shows details of the burial rites and ritual of performing an embalming of the Apis, particularly the last parts or stages of the embalming.[3][7]
D.K. Sharpes states the ritual extended to seventy days. Priests performing the ritual were required to maintain hair at a long length, not bathe, to wear costumes made especially for the purposes of the fulfilment of the ritual, wail loudly, fast for four days and abstain from milk and meat for the remaining sixty-six days.[5]
History of scholarship
editThe papyrus was purchased in 1821 by Dr Ernst August Burghart for the Münz und Antikencabinet at a cost of 200 Guilders Konventionsmünze.[4]
Heinrich Brugsch was the first scholar to study the papyrus. In 1886, von Bergmann published a photolithograph of it, and in 1920 Wilhelm Spiegelberg published the first translation. The papyrus was contained within the Kunsthistoriches Museum at a time circa 1993.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b G. Pinch (2004). Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, 2004 (reprint), 257 pages. ISBN 0195170245.
- ^ a b Christina Riggs (5 June 2014). Unwrapping Ancient Egypt: The Shroud, the Secret and the Sacred (p.81). Bloomsbury Publishing 5 Jun 2014, 336 pages. ISBN 978-0857855077. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
- ^ a b c Vos R.L. (1992). The Apis Embalming Ritual - P. Vindob. 3873. Peeters publishers. ISBN 978-90-6831-438-0. Archived from the original on 2015-07-02. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
- ^ a b c R. L. Vos (1993). The Apis Embalming Ritual: P. Vindob. 3873 - Volume 50 of Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta (pages - 1,3). Peeters Publishers 1993, 423 pages. ISBN 9068314386. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
- ^ a b D.K. Sharpes (2006). Sacred Bull, Holy Cow: A Cultural Study of Civilization's Most Important Animal. published by Peter Lang publishing 1 Jan 2006, 302 pages. ISBN 0820479020. Retrieved 2015-07-12.
- ^ C.W. Schwabe - Cattle, Priests, and Progress in Medicine (p.99) published by University of Minnesota Press, 26 May 1978, 292 pages, ISBN 0816658676 [Retrieved 2015-07-02]
- ^ A.B. Lloyd - Herodotus, Book II: Commentary 1-98 (page 136) Volume 43 of Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain, BRILL, 1976, 397 pages, ISBN 9004041796 [Retrieved 2015-07-02]