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Aramac, Queensland

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Aramac /ˈærəmæk/ is a rural town and locality in the Barcaldine Region, Queensland, Australia.[2][3] In the 2021 census, the locality of Aramac had a population of 372 people.[1]

Aramac
Queensland
Aramac War Memorial, 2011
Aramac is located in Queensland
Aramac
Aramac
Coordinates22°58′19″S 145°14′35″E / 22.9719°S 145.2430°E / -22.9719; 145.2430
Population372 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density9.612/km2 (24.90/sq mi)
Established1869
Postcode(s)4726
Area38.7 km2 (14.9 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)Barcaldine Region
State electorate(s)Gregory
Federal division(s)Maranoa
Localities around Aramac:
Prairie Torrens Creek Pentland
Muttaburra Aramac Laglan
Ilfracombe Barcaldine Jericho

Geography

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Aramac is located 68 kilometres (42 mi) north of Barcaldine, and 1,280 kilometres (800 mi) by road from the state capital, Brisbane. It is situated on Aramac Creek, which flows into the Thomson River 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of town. The Muttaburra–Aramac Road enters from the north and exits as Barcaldine–Aramac Road to the south.[4]

The predominant industry is grazing. The town water for Aramac is supplied from two bores connecting into the Great Artesian Basin.

History

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Aramac station ca. 1877

Aramac lay on the traditional tribal lands of the Iningai. Iningai (also known as Yiningay, Muttaburra, Tateburra, Yinangay, Yinangi) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Iningai people. The Iningai language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Longreach Region and Barcaldine Region, particularly the towns of Longreach, Barcaldine, Muttaburra and Aramac as well as the properties of Bowen Downs and catchments of Cornish Creek and Alice River.[5][6]

In 1860, pastoralists and explorers, William Landsborough and Nathaniel Buchanan, travelled through the region looking for land to acquire. They came across a creek surrounded by good grazing country and Landsborough named it Aramac (derived from R.R. Mac) in honour of the future Premier of Queensland, Robert Ramsey Mackenzie.[7]

British pastoral occupation began in the region in 1862 with the formation of the massive Bowen Downs station. Aramac Station was established by John Rule and Dyson Lacey in 1863.

In 1867, an employee of Aramac Station, John William Kingston, opened a bark-hut store at an outlying point on the Aramac Creek. Enlarged two years later to include a hotel (Kingston's Bazaar), Kingston's settlement was declared a town site in 1869 and surveyed as a town in 1875. It was the region's first town, and the centre of the first local-government division. To this day John William Kingston is recognised as the original founder of Aramac. His grave bears a plaque in the Aramac Cemetery acknowledging his achievement.[8]

The town was originally called Marathon. The name was changed to that of Aramac, after the station, when the survey was conducted in 1875.[9] Recollections of an 1878 visit to Aramac were published in the Rockhampton Morning Bulletin in 1933, describing the township as consisting of "neat weatherboard structures, painted, and comprising four stores, three hotels, and three butchers' shops, with a post office, bank, court house, and surgery",[10] and the surrounding countryside and as "one of the emporia of the West."[10]

"The place is known to so many by name only that the visitor feels himself travelled. Moreover, he has become, acquainted, however slightly, with the great western country, of which we have all heard so much. "He has been on its threshold, having traversed the desert, and beheld, not without surprise, broad rolling downs stretching away to the horizon, with an open landscape, sparsely mottled with trees, the whole presenting a vivid contrast to the dense scrub and scanty herbage of some of the more easterly districts. He has, in a word, seen an oasis in the 'Sahara' -one which, to him, has a beginning, but is boundless on the western side. Besides this, if the visit has been made during Show week, he has come more, fully to appreciate the great pastoral interest, as represented in the persons of men of intelligence and energy -the pioneers of colonisation, the promoters of commerce."[10]

 
Mailman's Gorge massacre site, near Aramac

Little is known about the original indigenous population, although there was a reported massacre of 25 local Aborigines at the nearby Mailman's Gorge.[11][12] This event remained largely unknown until the publication of North Queensland Pioneers in 1932. The author stated:

"The indigenous people were very numerous in the ranges around Aramac in the early days and the murder of a travelling jeweller and his wife and child caused reprisals. Harried by the police, the offending tribe took refuge in the country of a hostile tribe, and this precipitated wholesale tribal warfare. To this day it is said the mountain caves yield skeletons, the result of this tribal war."[13]

An 1865 account said the death of a shepherd or a government employee at Stainburn Downs station, north-west of Aramac, led to a revenge attack by squatters. Three Europeans are supposed to have tracked 30 Aborigines to a cave at Mailman's Gorge and shot them.[14]

Another account states that after the body of the station-worker was found, Alexander "Long" Gordon (after whom the main street of Aramac is named) tracked "the blacks" out to a cave near Greyrock at Mailman's Gorge where he shot every one of them dead.[15]

 
White Bull statue, commemorating Harry Redford's cattle duffing

In 1870, Henry 'Harry' Redford duffed cattle from a property called Bowen Downs. He amassed a herd of about 1,000 cattle. Knowing that the Bowen Downs cattle brand would be recognised locally, Redford knew he could not sell them locally, so decided to drive the cattle overland to South Australia. This was a remarkable achievement of droving, but unfortunately for Redford, his herd included a prize white bull which was sufficiently unusual that it was recognised and Redford and his conspirators were arrested.[16] Redford is believed to be the inspiration for the fictional bushranger Captain Starlight in the novel Robbery Under Arms.[17]

Aramac Post Office opened on 1 March 1874.[18]

 
Aramac teacher stands outside her residence, circa 1914

Aramac State School opened on 21 January 1878.[19] By 1901 the school was well established and received a very positive report from the School Inspector, Mr. Benbow, printed in The Western Champion.

"The discipline is kind, quietly firm, and sensible; the moral tone appears to be healthy; the school habits are very satisfactory; general behaviour is respectful and attentive; the class movements are quietly and effectively carried out, and very good order is maintained. Methods: The methods employed in teaching are generally intelligent and skillful; they are applied with skill and considerable energy; the amount of revision is sufficient. Progress: The progress made by the pupils may be regarded as good and sound. General condition: Everything considered the general condition of the school is highly satisfactory. Remarks: The two highest classes have been carefully and intelligently instructed, and the pupils of these classes have evidently been taught to think. The demeanor of the children during inspection was most pleasing."

The hospital opened in 1879.[20][21] Circa 1888-1889 an Anglican church opened in Aramac.[22]

 
Aramac Tramway Museum (2011)

Aramac was initially a major outback town. However, when the Central Western railway line reached Barcaldine to the south in 1886, it drew trade away from Aramac. The residents agitated to get a railway connection to Aramac, but the Queensland Government was not willing. Having surveyed a route, in 1906, the Aramac Shire Council tried to borrow money from the Queensland Government to build their own railway. At that time, the Queensland Government was interested in creating a western connection between the Central Western railway line and the Great Northern railway and making that connection via Aramac was one possibility, but the government decided instead to build the connection between Longreach and Winton. Eventually the council borrowed the funding to build the Aramac Tramway connecting to the Western Central Line at Lagoon Creek, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the Barcaldine railway station. The tramway opened on 2 July 1913 and operated until 31 December 1975. A tramway museum opened in 1994 in the old goods sheds.[9]

St John's Catholic Church was opened circa 23 May 1901 by Bishop Joseph Higgins.[23] In 1952, the old church was demolished to enable the construction of a new church, with services being held temporarily in the presbytery. On Sunday 14 December 1952, the new St John's Catholic Church was officially opened by Bishop Andrew Tynan.[24]

In 1914, Aramac developed thermal baths with its artesian water to promote itself as a health resort; however, it did not attract many invalids due to its isolated geographic location and the failure of the local government to promote the baths.[25]

The Aramac War Memorial was officially unveiled in April 1924, at a well attended public ceremony. The Last Post was played by Mr Affoo, and the children were all given a bag of lollies at the end of the ceremony. Shire Chairman, E.W. Bowyer presided and, as the Governor was unable to attend, gave the following speech:[26]

"This memorial was erected by the people of the Aramac Shire, as a modest tribute to the patriotism and loyalty of the men who enlisted to take part in the late deplorable European War. It will serve as an ineffaceable record to remind not only the rising generation but succeeding generations that Australians fought, bled, and died in the defence of their country."

In June 1924, a branch of the Country Women's Association was formed in Aramac,[27] and by August that year were active, their efforts much appreciated in the town, and reported in the Western Champion: "Something new in entertainments was provided on Friday evening at the Shire Bail, when the Aramac branch of the Country Women's Association arranged a Euchre and Ping Pong tournament for us, with dance thrown in."[28]

On 22 November 2019, the Queensland Government decided to amalgamate the localities in the Barcaldine Region, resulting in five expanded localities based on the larger towns: Alpha, Aramac, Barcaldine, Jericho and Muttaburra. Aramac was expanded to incorporate Cornish Creek (eastern part), Dunrobin (south-western corner), Galilee, Garfield (western corner), Ibis, Ingberry (northern part), Pelican Creek, Sardine (eastern part), Upland, and Upper Cornish Creek.[29][30][31]

Demographics

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In the 2006 census, the town of Aramac had a population of 341 people.[32]

In the 2011 census, the locality of Aramac had a population of 299 people.[33]

In the 2016 census, the locality of Aramac had a population of 299 people.[34]

In the 2021 census, the locality of Aramac had a population of 372 people.[1]

Heritage listings

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Aramac has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Education

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Aramac State School, 2019

Aramac State School is a government primary and secondary (Early Childhood-10) school for boys and girls at 69 Porter Street (22°58′28″S 145°14′33″E / 22.9744°S 145.2426°E / -22.9744; 145.2426 (Aramac State School)).[38][39] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 56 students with 10 teachers (9 full-time equivalent) and 10 non-teaching staff (6 full-time equivalent).[40] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 55 students with 10 teachers (9 full-time equivalent) and 12 non-teaching staff (6 full-time equivalent).[41]

The closest secondary school for students from Years 11 and 12 is Barcaldine Prep-12 State School, 67 km (42 mi) to the south in Barcaldine.[42]

Facilities

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Aramac has a visitor information centre, swimming pool located within the grounds of the Aramac Memorial Park in Gordon Street,[43] a town hall, showground and a pub.[44] There is no hospital, but nurse-led clinic facilities (Monday to Friday), ambulance services and 24-hours a day, seven days a week emergency on-call services. In 2016 the community had access to two doctors, with one staying overnight for two full days each week. The town is also serviced by the Royal Flying Doctor Service.[45]

Barcaldine Regional Council operates the Ollie Landers Community Library at 68 Gordon Street.[46][47]

Events

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The annual Harry Redford Cattle Drive begins in Aramac and partly traces the 1870 footsteps of renowned cattle duffer Harry Redford[8][48] who walked 1,000 head of cattle from Bowen Downs, north of Aramac, to South Australia. In 2015 and 2016 the drive was cancelled due to prolonged drought in the region.[49]

Nearby cattle and sheep stations

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Aramac (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 February 2023.  
  2. ^ "Aramac – town in Barcaldine Region (entry 723)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  3. ^ "Aramac – locality in Barcaldine Region (entry 50443)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  4. ^ "Aramac" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  5. ^ Tindale, Norman B. (1974). Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names (PDF). Canberra: Australian National University Press. p. 169. hdl:1885/114913. ISBN 0708107419. Retrieved 13 October 2022 – via Australian National University Open Research Library.
  6. ^ "Iningai". State Library of Queensland. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  7. ^ "THE EXPLORER". The Queenslander. Vol. XVI, no. 214. Queensland, Australia. 20 September 1879. p. 372. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ a b "Aramac | Queensland Places". queenslandplaces.com.au. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  9. ^ a b Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland) (2002). Heritage Trails of the Queensland Outback. State of Queensland. p. 150. ISBN 0-7345-1040-3.
  10. ^ a b c "ARAMAC TOWNSHIP". Morning Bulletin. Queensland, Australia. 28 September 1933. p. 13. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "Walkabout - Aramac". Fairfax Digital. Archived from the original on 26 December 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  12. ^ "Aramac - Queensland - Australia - Travel - smh.com.au". Fairfax Digital. 2 May 2008. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  13. ^ Black, J. (Jane); Queensland Country Women's Association (1930), North Queensland pioneers, Queensland Country Women's Association, archived from the original on 2 February 2017, retrieved 27 January 2017
  14. ^ Ian D. Clark; Luise Hercus; Laura Kostanski (2014), Indigenous and minority placenames: Australian and international perspectives, ANU Press, archived from the original on 24 February 2022, retrieved 28 January 2017
  15. ^ "ARAMAC". The Longreach Leader. Queensland, Australia. 7 December 1938. p. 20. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ "WHOLESALE CATTLE-STEALING". The Argus (Melbourne). No. 8, 340. Victoria, Australia. 5 March 1873. p. 6. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ^ "Harry Redford Cattle Drive". Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  18. ^ Phoenix Auctions History. "Post Office List". Premier Phoenix Auctions. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  19. ^ "Aramac State School". aramacss.eq.edu.au. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  20. ^ "Aramac Primary Health Centre". Central West Health. 1 March 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  21. ^ "History of Aramac, QLD". Tilbury Lineage A journey through time. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  22. ^ "General News". The Queenslander. Vol. XXXVI, no. 721. Queensland, Australia. 27 July 1889. p. 170. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. ^ "OPENING OF CATHOLIC CHURCH AT ARAMAC". Morning Bulletin. Vol. LXII, no. 11, 088. Queensland, Australia. 27 May 1901. p. 6. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  24. ^ "NEW ARAMAC CHURCH OPENED". Morning Bulletin. No. 29, 170. Queensland, Australia. 19 December 1952. p. 11. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  25. ^ Griggs, Peter (2013), 'Taking the waters': mineral springs, artesian bores and health tourism in Queensland, 1870-1950, Cambridge University Press, p. 164, archived from the original on 7 May 2021, retrieved 16 January 2017
  26. ^ "Aramac Notes". The Longreach Leader. No. 68. Queensland, Australia. 17 April 1924. p. 12. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  27. ^ "Aramac Notes". The Longreach Leader. Queensland, Australia. 27 June 1924. p. 18. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  28. ^ "Aramac Affairs". The Western Champion. Queensland, Australia. 30 August 1924. p. 14. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  29. ^ "Recent place name decisions". Queensland Government. 22 November 2019. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  30. ^ "Proposed Locality Boundaries and Names: Barcaldine Regional: Alpha, Aramac, Barcaldine, Jericho and Muttaburra" (PDF). Queensland Government. 17 May 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  31. ^ "Locality Boundaries and Names: Barcaldine Regional Council: Alpha, Aramac, Barcaldine, Jericho and Muttaburra" (PDF). Queensland Government. 17 May 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  32. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Aramac (L) (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  33. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Aramac". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 29 February 2016.  
  34. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Aramac (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.  
  35. ^ "Aramac Tramway Museum (entry 601172)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  36. ^ "Aramac War Memorial (entry 600008)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  37. ^ "Aramac State School (entry 602842)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  38. ^ "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  39. ^ "Aramac State School". Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  40. ^ "ACARA School Profile 2017". Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  41. ^ "ACARA School Profile 2018". Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  42. ^ "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  43. ^ Council, Barcaldine Regional. "Swimming Pools - Barcaldine Regional Council". www.barcaldinerc.qld.gov.au. Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  44. ^ "Barcaldine Regional Council". Barcaldine Regional Council. Archived from the original on 23 November 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  45. ^ "Aramac Primary Health Care Centre | Queensland Health". 28 January 2017. Archived from the original on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  46. ^ "Aramac Library". State Library of Queensland. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  47. ^ "Libraries". Barcaldine Regional Council. Archived from the original on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  48. ^ "Harry Redford Cattle Drive Map - ABC Rural - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 28 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.[dead link‍]
  49. ^ "Drought forces cancellation of iconic Harry Redford Cattle Drive for second year - ABC Rural - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 28 January 2017. Archived from the original on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  50. ^ "Map of Gracevale, QLD". bonzle.com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  51. ^ Larkins, Damien (17 October 2020). "Indigenous story wall restored, open to visitors in outback Queensland". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
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