Arapgir (Armenian: Արաբկիր; Kurdish: Erebgir[2]) is a municipality and district of Malatya Province, Turkey.[3] Its area is 987 km2,[4] and its population is 9,964 (2022).[1]
Arapgir | |
|---|---|
District and municipality | |
 Map showing Arapgir District in Malatya Province | |
  Arapgir Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 39°02′N 38°29′E / 39.033°N 38.483°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Malatya |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Haluk Cömertoğlu (CHP) |
Area | 987 km2 (381 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 9,964 |
| • Density | 10/km2 (26/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 44800 |
| Area code | 0422 |
| Website | www |
It is situated at the confluence of the eastern and western Euphrates, but some miles from the right bank of the combined streams. Arapgir is connected with Sivas by a chaussée, prolonged to the Euphrates river. The present town was built in the mid-19th century, but about 2 miles north-east is the old town, now called Eskişehir ("old city" in Turkish).[5]
History
editThis territory is a part of historical Lesser Armenia. The old town of Arapgir was founded by the Armenian King Senekerim-Hovhannes Artsruni in 1021, who had exchanged his kingdom of Vaspurakan for estates in the central lands of the Byzantine Empire.[6]
Composition
editThere are 63 neighbourhoods in Arapgir District:[7]
- Aktaş
- Alıçlı
- Aşağıçörenge
- Aşağıulupınar
- Aşağıyenice
- Berenge
- Boğazlı
- Bostancık
- Budak
- Çakırsu
- Çarşı
- Çaybaşı
- Çiğnir
- Çimen
- Çobanlı
- Cömertli
- Deregezen
- Düzce
- Esikli
- Eskiarapkir
- Eynir
- Gebeli
- Göz
- Gözeli
- Günyüzü
- Hezenek
- Hocaali
- Kayakesen
- Kaynak
- Kazanç
- Kılıçlı
- Konducak
- Koru
- Köseoğlu
- Mehmet Akif
- Meşeli
- Onar
- Ormansırtı
- Osmanpaşa
- Pacalı
- Pirali
- Şağıluşağı
- Sekizsu
- Selamlı
- Serge
- Şıhlar
- Sinikli
- Sipahiuşağı
- Suçeyin
- Sugeçti
- Tarhan
- Taşdelen
- Taşdibek
- Ulaçlı
- Yaylacık
- Yazılı
- Yeni
- Yeşilyayla
- Yukarı Ulupınar
- Yukarı Yenice
- Yukarıçörenge
- Yukarıyabanlı
- Zohrap
Climate
editArapgir has a dry-summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dsa), transitioning to a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa)[8] with hot, dry summers and cold, frequently snowy winters.[9]
| Climate data for Arapgir (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.3 (61.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
27.7 (81.9) |
32.4 (90.3) |
33.0 (91.4) |
28.1 (82.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
11.9 (53.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
17.9 (64.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.8 (30.6) |
0.4 (32.7) |
5.4 (41.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
1.4 (34.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
1.8 (35.2) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.7 (69.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
10.5 (50.9) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
8.4 (47.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 100.67 (3.96) |
86.87 (3.42) |
79.16 (3.12) |
80.47 (3.17) |
66.4 (2.61) |
16.8 (0.66) |
3.18 (0.13) |
2.13 (0.08) |
13.08 (0.51) |
49.2 (1.94) |
75.21 (2.96) |
97.59 (3.84) |
670.76 (26.41) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.6 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 9.6 | 77.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 69.2 | 65.2 | 56.5 | 51.8 | 48.5 | 37.1 | 30.7 | 29.9 | 33.5 | 48.3 | 58.3 | 70.7 | 50.0 |
| Source: NOAA[10] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
editArapgir town is populated by Kurds.[11] In descending order of population, the district is populated by Turks, Kurds, and Armenians. Armenians used to be the second largest ethnic group after Turks, constituting one third of the population, but most of the population was wiped out during the Armenian genocide.[12]
Ethnic composition of the villages in Arapgir District:
- Turkish: Aktaş, Alıçlı, Boğazlı, Budak, Çiğnir, Çimen, Düzce, Eski Arapgir, Eynir, Gözeli, Günyüzü, Kayakesen, Koruköy, Onar, Ormansırtı, Selamlı, Yeşilyayla, Yukarı Yabanlı[13][14][15][16][17][18]
- Kurdish: Bostancık, Çakırsu, Deregezen, Esikli, Gebeli, Kaynak, Kazanç, Kılıçlı, Konducak, Pacalı, Pirali, Şağıluşağı, Sinikli, Sipahiuşağı, Sugeçti, Tarhan, Ulaçlı, Yaylacık, Yazılı[19][20][21][22]
- Kurdish and Turkish: Suçeyin, Taşdelen[13][19]
History
editAccording to Donald Quataert, Arapgir in the 1880s was made up of 4,802 Muslim and 1,200 Armenian households, with a total population of about 29,000 persons.[23] According to a METU study citing Nejat Göyünç, the city population was about 20,000 in 1911, of which more than half of the population was Armenian Christians and the rest were Muslim.[24][25] Differing sources present differing pictures for the respective shares of ethnicities within the weavers' community. The Armenian population is reported to have suffered severely during the Hamidian massacres of 1895,[26] although, in this regard, Donald Quataert notes, with textile exports back to normal levels a year after the turmoil, in 1896, either all weavers were Muslims after all, or few Armenian weavers were killed, displaced or disrupted during the troubles.
On the eve of World War I, there were about 9,523 Armenians (1,300 houses) and 6,774 Turks living in Arapgir.[27] After the 1915 Armenian genocide, most of the Armenian population of Arapgir was killed or deported.[28]
Churches, mosques and other buildings
edit
Before the Armenian genocide Arapgir had seven Armenian Apostolic churches: Surp Astvadzadzin (Holy Mother of God) Church, not to be confused with the cathedral, Grigor Lusavorich (Gregory the Illuminator) Church, Surp Kevork Church, Surp Hagob Church, Surp Nshan Church, Surp Pilibos Arakel (St. Philip the Apostle) Church, Surp Sarkis Church, There were, also, one Catholic Surp Prgich (Holy Saviors) Church and one Protestant Cuğran Church.[29] There were also more than 10 schools in the town. Little is left of pre-war Arapgir, but there are still some old houses that have survived, which are Armenian origin. The town also contains the ruins of a castle, several Seljuk mosques,[5] old cemetery and silver mines.
People from Arapgir
edit- Abdullah Cevdet
- Aram Achekbashian (1867–1915), Hnchak politician
- Cemal Azmi (1868–1922), Ottoman politician
- Vahagn Davtyan, (1922–1996), an Armenian writer
- Khajag Barsamian, born 1951, the primate of Diocese of Armenian Church of Eastern America
- Zehra Bilir (1913–2007), born Eliz Surhantakyan, Turkish folk singer of Armenian origin, known as "Türkü Ana" (Mother of Folk Songs)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Avcıkıran, Adem (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez, Anamneza bi Kurmancî (in Kurdish and Turkish). p. 55.
- ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hogarth, David George (1911). "Arabgir". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 253.
- ^ Kévorkian, Raymond H. and Paul B. Paboudjian, Les Arméniens dans l’Empire Ottoman à la veille du génocide. Paris: Editions d’art et d’histoire, 1992, p. 375.
- ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
- ^ "Kar Örtülü Gün Sayısı" (PDF). MGM.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Arapgir". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ^ Peter Alfred, Andrews; Benninghaus, Rüdiger, eds. (1989). Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. p. 338.
- ^ Olcay, Cem Bircan (2014). "Malatya Arapgir Ağzı (İnceleme - Metinler - Sözlük)" (PDF). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü: Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı (in Turkish): 12.
- ^ a b Andrews, Peter; Benninghaus, Rüdiger (2002). Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey: Supplement and Index. p. 96. ISBN 9783895002298.
- ^ "Günyüzü Köyü" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ "Düzce Köyü". Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ "Eski Arapgir Köy". Tarih Gezisi (in Turkish). 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ Ertürk, Kenan (2000). "Malatya'nın etnik yapısının siyasi hayata etkileri" (in Turkish): 131.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Kayakesen Köyü". Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ a b Andrews, Peter; Benninghaus, Rüdiger (2002). Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey: Supplement and Index. p. 121. ISBN 9783895002298.
- ^ Çiplak (2011). Music and Identity in Atma tribe. ITU Institute of Social Sciences (Thesis). Istanbul Technical University. p. 34.
- ^ "Tarhan Köyü". Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ "Yaylacık Köyü". Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ limited preview Donald Quataert; et al. (1993). Ottoman Manufacturing in the Age of the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge University. pp. 86–99. ISBN 9780521420174.
- ^ Nejat Göyünç (1983). Osmanlı idaresinde Ermeniler [Armenians in the Ottoman Administration] (in Turkish). Gültepe Yayn. Ankara.
- ^ Pınar Kundil. "The Armenian question according to Takvim-i Vekayi (1914-1918)" (PDF). Middle East Technical University, Ankara. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ^ Hewsen, Robert H., "Golden Plain: The Historical Geography of Tsopk/Kharpert," in Armenian Tsopk/Kharpert, ed. Richard G. Hovannisian. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2002, p. 49.
- ^ Kévorkian and Paboudjian, Les Arméniens dans l’Empire Ottoman, pp. 375-76.
- ^ Raymond Kévorkian. The Armenian Genocide: A History (London: I.B. Tauris, 2011), pp. 402-407.
- ^ Kévorkian and Paboudjian, Les Arméniens dans l’Empire Ottoman, p. 376.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Arabgir". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.