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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gorizia

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The Archdiocese of Gorizia (Latin: Archidioecesis Goritiensis is a Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. The archiepiscopal see of Gorizia (Friulian: Gurizza/Gurizze; German: Görz; Slovene: Gorica) was founded in 1751 when the Patriarchate of Aquileia was abolished, and its territory divided between two new dioceses, Udine and Gorizia. The diocese of Gorizia was suppressed in 1788 for the creation of the Diocese of Gradisca (union of the Archdiocese of Gorizia and Dioceses of Trieste and Pedena) and re-established in 1791 as the Diocese of Gorizia e Gradisca. It was raised again to a metropolitan archdiocese in 1830.

Archdiocese of Gorizia

Archidioecesis Goritiensis
Gorizia Cathedral
Location
CountryItaly
Ecclesiastical provinceGorizia
Statistics
Area1,030 km2 (400 sq mi)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2021)
183,384
175,300 (guess)
Parishes90
Information
DenominationCatholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established6 July 1751 (273 years ago)
CathedralCattedrale di Ss. Ilario e Taziano
Secular priests84 (diocesan)
14 (religious Orders)
12 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
ArchbishopCarlo Roberto Maria Redaelli
Map
Website
gorizia.chiesacattolica.it

The diocese of Ljubljana (Laibach), Trieste-Koper (Capo d'Istria), Poreč-Pula (Parenzo-Pola), and Krk-Rab (Veglia-Arbe) were formerly under the metropolitan jurisdiction of this archdiocese; however, now the Diocese of Trieste is its only suffragan diocese.

The territory of the Archdiocese was identical with the Austro-Hungarian County of Gorizia and Gradisca until 1918 when it was transferred to Italy at the conclusion of the First World War.

Also from 1766, the archbishop was Prince of the Holy Roman Empire,[citation needed] and, from its establishment in 1861 until 1918, a member of the Austrian House of Lords.[citation needed]

History

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The parish church of Gorizia, S. Hilarius and S. Titianus, which eventually became the metropolitan church, is documented in the second half of the 14th century.[1]

The archdeaconry of Gorizia was founded in the Patriarchate of Aquileia in 1574, in response to numerous complaints and demands for an apostolic visitation of a very neglected part of the vast diocese of Aquileia. The archdeacon was responsible to the curia of the patriarch, which was actually located in Udine. The territory of the archdeaconry included the entire county of Gorizia under the control of the archduchy of Austria, except for Udine and the parishes assigned to the archdeaconry of Tolmino.[2] The first archdeacon was Gerolamo Catta, the parish priest of S. Pietro sull'Isonzo, appointed by the Patriarch Giovanni Grimani on 21 December 1574.[3]

In 1688, leaders of Gorizia sent an embassy to Vienna, with a petition to have a diocese established in Gorizia. They were met with favor by the Emperor Leopold I, but the papal nuncio and Pope Innocent IX did not favor the project.[4]

Formation of the diocese

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The ecclesiastical province of Aquileia was subject to repeated troubles, both internal and external, due partly to the fact that the eastern dioceses of the province (Friuli and Istria) were politically subject to Austria, while the western dioceses (Veneto) were subject to the Venetian Republic. Both powers had repeated clashes with the Papacy in policy and administration.[5] The War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) produced a crisis, since both Venice and the Papacy supported Charles Albert of Bavaria,[6] while Austria supported Maria Theresa, daughter of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. The Austrian government retaliated by sequestering all church benefices in its territories, which included those of Gorizia.[7] At the conclusion of the war, both Austria and Venice demanded a resolution of the ecclesiastical problems.

Pope Benedict, in letters of 29 November 1749 and 27 June 1750, invited the two parties to come to an agreement, while for the moment the present arrangements would remain in effect. On 6 April 1751, replies from Austria and Venice were presented to the pope, in the form of a convention between the parties, with the demand that the pope implement it.[8] The patriarchate of Aquileia was abolished, as Article I of their convention required, and was replaced by two ecclesiastical provinces and two archbishoprics on equal footing: Udine and Gorizia. Benedict XIV granted the empress of Austria and her successors the right to nominate the archbishop of Gorizia, and the doge of Venice and his successors the right to nominate to a vacancy at Udine.[9] The diocese of Trieste was transferred to the ecclesiastical province of Gorizia.[10]

In the bull "Sacrosanctae militantis" of 18 April 1752,[11] Pope Benedict established a Chapter to administer the cathedral of The Holy Cross and S. Vitus in Gorizia. The Chapter was composed of three dignities and five canons.[12] The dignities were: the Provost, who had the right to wear a mitre on ceremonial occasions; the Dean, who was also ex officio Provost of the collegiate church of S. Stefano; and the Primicerius, who was also ex officio abbot of Beligna.[13]

Troubles with Joseph II

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Following the death of the Empress Maria Theresa in 1780, her son Joseph II launched his plans for the reorganization of the churches in Austria, according to an erastian model.[14] On 24 March 1781, the emperor issued a decree which abolished the dependence of Austrian houses of religious orders on superiors outside Austria, and forbade their export of money outside Austria.[15] On 26 March 1781, the privilege granted to Maria Theresa to approve the nomination bishops (the placet) was extended to include all papal declarations, that is to say, no bull, brief, or other papal document could be accepted in Austria without prior imperial approval.[16] On 4 May 1781, the Emperor promulgated a decree which forbade Austrian bishops from making any use of the papal bull "Unigenitus" of 1711, against Jansenism, or even to allow it to be discussed.[17] On 20 October 1781, after some preliminary ordinances were issued, an Edict of Toleration was promulgated for Austria, stating that no official difference existed between Catholics and Protestants (which was taken to refer only to the Lutheran Church, the Reformed Church, and the Greek churches not in communion with Rome).[18] On 12 January 1782, laws were promulgated closing the religious houses of the Carthusians and Camaldolese, of the Carmelite nuns, the Capuchin nuns, the Franciscan sisters and the Poor Clares.[19] The Conventual Franciscans, brought to Gorizia in 1225 by S. Antony of Padua, were suppressed in May 1785.[20]

On 27 February 1782, Pope Pius VI departed Rome for Vienna, expecting to negotiate personally with the Emperor Joseph II to settle the differences between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy. He arrived in Gorizia on 14 March 1782, but Archbishop Count Rudolf Joseph von Edling was not there to receive him. The archbishop had been summoned to Vienna, to a personal meeting with the Emperor.[21] He was ordered to publish the emperor's edicts in his diocese, or else to leave Vienna immediately, but not for his diocese. The archbishop signed a decree of publication, and was allowed to return to his diocese. He did not meet the pope, who had gone on to be received in Ljubljana on the 17th.[22]

The attacks on papal and episcopal authority did not abate. On 16 January 1783, the imperial government issued a decree which declared marriage to be a civil contract, subject to complete control by the state, whatever sacramental claims were made with reference to it. It was the state alone, not canon law, which determined what impediments to marriage might exist, and it was the state which dispensed from those impediments.[23]

The Austrian plans for the reorganization of dioceses under control of Vienna[24] included the transfer of the metropolitan archbishopric of Gorizia to Ljubljana. Archbishop von Edling refused to cooperate.[25] The matter was taken by the Imperial ambassador, Cardinal Franziskus Herzan von Harras, to Rome, where he had a papal audience on 20 July 1784; it was finally agreed to have Archbishop von Edling to resign his office, which he did, on 13 August 1784.[26] He was not transferred to Ljubljana.[27]

On 20 August 1788, under pressure from Emperor Joseph II, Pope Pius VI abolished the diocese of Trieste and Archdiocese of Gorizia, merging them into the new diocese of Gradisca.[28] On the same day, the diocese of Pedena, was suppressed, and its territory was added to that of Gradisca.[29]

Restoration of archdiocese

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On 27 July 1830, at the request of the Emperor Franz, the archdiocese of Ljubljana was reduced to the status of a diocese, and the diocese of Gorizia e Gradisca was restored as the metropolitan archbishopric of Gorizia e Gradisca by Pope Pius VIII. The ecclesiastical province of Gorizia was to have as suffragan dioceses: Ljubljana, Trieste (with Capodistria), Parenzo, and Pola.[30]

In March 1941, a diocesan synod was held in Gorizia by Archbishop Carlo Margotti.[31]

On 27 November 1971, Archbishop Joseph Pogacnick of Ljubljana and Joannes Jenko, the Apostolic Administrator of Gorizia e Gradesca, agreed to a minor exchange of territories.[32]

On 17 October 1977, the ancient diocese of Koper (Capodistria, Justinopolis) was revived and separated from the diocese of Trieste, in order to address the fact that the two dioceses were in different countries, Yugoslavia and Italy. The anomalous territories of the diocese of Gorizia e Gradisca which were in Slavonia were removed from the diocese and added to the territory of the diocese of Koper.[33]

On 30 September 1986, on orders of Pope John Paul II, the name of the diocese was simplified to Archdiocese of Gorizia. The name Gradisca was to be preserved as the name of a titular archbishopric.[34]

Ordinaries

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Prince-archbishops of Gorizia

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The diocese of Gorizia was abolished in 1788, and restored in 1791.

Bishops of Gorizia-Gradisca

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Archbishops of Gorizia

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Sede vacante (1931–1934)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Claricini, p. 352.
  2. ^ Cappelletti VIII, p. 564. Tavano, pp. 179-180.
  3. ^ Tavano, pp. 179, note 1; 183.
  4. ^ Cappelletti VIII, p. 568.
  5. ^ Pope Benedict XIV, "Injuncta Nobis", 6 July 1751, in: Sanctissimi Domini nostri Benedicti papae XIV bullarium, (in Latin), editio nova, Tomus Tertius, Volume 9 (Mechlin: Hanicq, 1827), pp. 41-42.
  6. ^ Innocent XII had supported Charles, but during the war Benedict XIV switched allegiance to Maria Theresa, though he changed back to Charles, and finally returned to Maria Theresa.
  7. ^ J.N.D. Kelly & M.J. Walsh, Oxford Dictionary of Popes, second edition (OUP 2010), p. 301.
  8. ^ Pope Benedict XIV, "Injuncta Nobis", Sanctissimi Domini nostri Benedicti papae XIV bullarium, pp. 43-47: "...partes ipsae olim dissentientes, nostris invitationibus et hortationibus obsecundantes, diligentibus tractatibus et colloquiis habitis, convenerunt; cuius Conventionis exempla... Nobis relinquientes, earumdem Partium nomine Nobis humiliter supplicarunt, ...approbationis nostrae robur adjicere, necnon pro earumdem rerum executione Apostolicae autoritatis nostrae plenitudinem interpontere dignaremur".
  9. ^ "Injuncta Nobis", Sanctissimi Domini nostri Benedicti papae XIV bullarium, pp. 52 § 12: "...praedictae Mariae Theresiae Reginae in Imperatricem Electae, ejusque successoribus in perpetuum, add praefatum Goritiensem Archiepiscopatum per Nos, ut praeferetur erectum tam pro prima hac vice, quam quoties perpetuis futuris temporibus ipsum vacare contigerit, jus nominandi Nobis...."
  10. ^ Pope Benedict XIV, "Injuncta Nobis", Sanctissimi Domini nostri Benedicti papae XIV bullarium, pp. 41-61.
  11. ^ Cappelletti VIII, pp. 588-609.
  12. ^ Cappelletti VIII, p. 603, § 14.
  13. ^ Claricini, pp. 351-352. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 227, note 1.
  14. ^ Ludwig von Pastor, The History of the Popes (tr. E.F. Peeler) Vol. 39 (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1952), pp. 435-440. Bernard Ward, "Erastus and Erastianism," The Catholic Encyclopedia, first edition, Vol. 5 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909). Retrieved: 2 September 2023.
  15. ^ Pastor, p. 441. Ignaz Beidtel, Untersuchungen Über Die Kirchlichen Zustände in Den Kaiserlich Österreichischen Staaten, (in German), (Wien: Carl Gerold, 1849), pp. 278-280.
  16. ^ Pastor, p. 440.
  17. ^ Pastor, p. 436.
  18. ^ Pastor, pp. 442-443.
  19. ^ Pastor, pp. 474-475. Hermits were also ordered to cease wearing habits.
  20. ^ Carlo Battisti, "Donazioni medievali al convento dei Minori Conventuali in Gorizia," (in Italian), Studi Goriziani Vol. 1 (Gorizia: Tipografia sociale 1923), pp. 4-6.
  21. ^ Giovanni Battista Tavanti, Fasti del S. P. Pio VI.: con note critiche documenti autentici e rami allegorici, Volume 1 ("Italia": G. Chiari, 1804), pp. 98, 100.
  22. ^ Ludwig von Pastor, The History of the Popes Vol. 39, pp. 446-447.
  23. ^ Pastor, p. 468. This was an extension of a court decree of 4 September 1781, which, on the authority of the emperor, gave the bishops the power to dispense from all canonical impediments to marriage, without reference to the papacy: Pastor, p. 442.
  24. ^ Pastor, pp. 478-481.
  25. ^ Cappelletti VIII, p. 631.
  26. ^ Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 227, note 3.
  27. ^ Ludwig von Pastor, Vol. 39, p. 479.
  28. ^ Pius VI, "Super Specula," 20 August 1788, in: Bullarii Romani Continuatio, Vol. 8 (Rome: Typographia Reverendis Camerae Apostolicae 1844), pp. 210-218.
  29. ^ Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 334, notes 1 and 3.
  30. ^ Cappelletti VIII, p. 653. A. Barbèri & R. Segreti (edd.), Bullarii Romani Continuatio Vol. 18 (Rome 1856), pp. 120-122.
  31. ^ I. Santeusano (1997), in: Dolinar, France M.; & Tavano, Luigi (edd.) (1997), pp. 114-117.
  32. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis 64 (1972), pp. 71-72.
  33. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis 69 (1977), pp. 689-691: "Iustinopolitanae dioecesi addimus, e dioecesibus ad quas nunc pertinent dismembrando, partes territorii Goritiensis, Tergestinae, Fluminensis. dioecesium intra fines Reipublicae Socialisticae Sloveniae in Iugoslavia positas...."
  34. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis Vol. 79 (Città del Vaticano 1987), pp. 444-445: "Congregatio pro Episcopis praesenti Decreto statuit ac decernit, ut dioecesis usque adhuc appellata « Archidioecesis Goritiensis et Gradiscana », posthac « Archidioecesis Goritiensis » denominetur, utque titulus Gradiscanus–ne pereat—in Indicem sedium titularium archiepiscopalem inseratur.
  35. ^ Von Attems was born in Gorizia in 1711. He obtained the degree of Doctor in utroque iure from the Sapienza in Rome in 1735. On 20 July 1750, he was appointed Bishop of Pergamum (Asia, Turkey), and on 27 June 1750 was named Vicar Apostolic of the portion of the diocese of Aquileia which was under the control of the Habsburgs of Austria; he was consecrated a bishop in Ljubljana on 24 August 1759, by Bishop Ernest Amadeus von Attems. He was appointed bishop of Gorizia on 24 April 1752, by Pope Benedict XIV. He died on 18 April 1774. Cappelletti VIII, pp. 609-624. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica Vol. VI, p. 227 with note 2; 333 with note 2. Alessandra Martina, "Carlo Michele dei Conti d'Attems: Profilo biografico," in: G. De Rosa (ed.), Carlo Michele d’Attems primo arcivescovo di Gorizia (1752-1774) fra curia romana e Stato asburgico: Studi introduttivi, Istituto di Storia sociale e religiosa, Istituto per gli Incontri culturali mitteleuropei: Gorizia 1988, pp. 19-31.
  36. ^ Von Edling: Ritzler & Sefrin VI, pp. 145 with note 3; 226 with note 3.
  37. ^ Inghazi had been Bishop of Trieste (1775-1788), until the diocese was suppressed and united with Gorizia in 1787, to become the diocese of Gorizia e Gradisca. He was nominated bishop (1788-1791) on 5 January 1788 by the Emperor Joseph II, and approved by Pope Pius VI on 15 December 1788. When Joseph II died in 1790, the dioceses returned to the status quo ante, and Inzaghi was bishop of Gorizia e Gradisca until he died, on 3 December 1816. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 228 with note 2.
  38. ^ Walland was nominated by the Emperor Franz on 8 March 1818, and confirmed by Pope Pius VII on 2 October 1818. He died on 11 May 1834. Cappelletti VIII, p. 653. Ritzler & Sefrin VII, p. 205.
  39. ^ Archbishop Walland: Cappelletti VIII, pp. 652-653.
  40. ^ Cappelletti VIII, pp. 653-654. Italo Santeusanio (2016), "Luschin Francesco Saverio (1781 - 1854)," (in Italian), in: Dizionario Biografico dei Friulani (Udine: Istituto Pio Paschini).
  41. ^ Gollmayr: Alessandro nobile de Claricini, Gorizia nelle sue istituzioni e nella sua azienda comunale durante il triennio 1869-1871 (Gorizia: Seitz, 1873), p. 350. Tomaž Simčič, Andrea Gollmayr – arcivescovo di Gorizia (1855-1883), Udine: Forum, 2002.
  42. ^ Zorn was born in 1834 in Prvačina (Slovenia). He studied at the contral seminary in Gorizia, at The Imperial-Royal Institute for Higher Education of Secular Priests of Saint Augustine (also called Frintaneum or Augustineum) in Vienna (1857–1860), and obtained a doctor of theology degree from the University of Vienna in 1860. He was appointed business manager and vice-rector of the seminary in Gorizia, where he taught fundamental and dogmatic theology from 1863 to 1880; he was rector from 1874 to 1880. In 1875 he was named an honorary canon of the cathedral, and in 1881 a canon regular. On 24 August 1882, the Emperor Franz Joseph nominated him to be bishop of Parenzo-Pola; he was confirmed by Pope Leo XIII on 25 September. Archbishop Andreas Gollmayer of Gorizia consecrated him a bishop on 14 January 1883. On 22 June 1883, he was nominated archbishop of Gorizia by the emperor, which was confirmed by the pope on 9 August. He died in a mental hospital in Vienna on 8 July 1897. Santeusanio (2010), "Diocesi di Gorizia,", pp. 47-50.
  43. ^ Missia was born in 1838 in Mota, Carinthia (now Maribor, Slovenia). In 1858, he was sent to Rome, where he studied at the German-Hungarian College, and obtained a doctorate in theology from the Gregorian University in 1864. He became a canon of Graz in 1879. He was nominated bishop of Ljubljana by the Austrian emperor, Franz Joseph on 14 June 1884, and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII on 10 November 1884. He was transferred to Gorizia on 24 March 1898. He was named a cardinal by Pope Leo XIII on 19 June 1899. He died on 23 March 1902. Ritzler & Sefrin VIII, pp. 53, 289, 330. Bräuer, Martin (2014). Handbuch der Kardinäle: 1846-2012 (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 187. ISBN 978-3-11-026947-5.
  44. ^ Margotti: Italo Santeusanio (1997), "La diocesi di Gorizia nell'episcopato Margotti (1934–1941)," (in Italian), in: Dolinar, France M.; & Tavano, Luigi (edd.) (1997), Chiesa e società nel Goriziano fra guerra e movimenti di Liberazione, pp. 105-117.
  45. ^ Redaelli had previously been Vicar General and Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan. Arcidiocesi di Gorizia, "Arcivescovo," (in Italian), retrieved: 4 September 2023.

Bibliography

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Reference works for bishops

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Studies

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