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Newcastle University

(Redirected from Architecture Building)
Not to be confused with University of Newcastle (Australia).

Newcastle University (legally the University of Newcastle upon Tyne) is a public research university based in Newcastle upon Tyne, North East England. It has overseas campuses in Singapore and Malaysia. The university is a red brick university and a member of the Russell Group,[5] an association of research-intensive UK universities.

Newcastle University
TypePublic
Established1834; 190 years ago (1834) (as The Newcastle-upon-Tyne School of Medicine and Surgery)
1963; 61 years ago (1963) (as the University of Newcastle upon Tyne)
Endowment£87.1 million (2023)[1]
Budget£592.4 million (2022/23)[1]
ChancellorImtiaz Dharker
Vice-ChancellorChris Day[2]
Academic staff
3,095 (2022/23)[3]
Administrative staff
3,540 (2022/23)[3]
Students27,850 (2022/23)[4]
Undergraduates20,965 (2022/23)[4]
Postgraduates20,965 (2022/23)[4]
Location
Newcastle upon Tyne
,
Tyne and Wear
,
England

54°58′41″N 1°36′54″W / 54.978°N 1.615°W / 54.978; -1.615
CampusUrban
Colours  Sky Blue
Affiliations
MascotPercy the Lion
Websitencl.ac.uk

The university finds its roots in the School of Medicine and Surgery (later the College of Medicine), established in 1834, and the College of Physical Science (later renamed Armstrong College), founded in 1871. These two colleges came to form the larger division of the federal University of Durham, with the Durham Colleges forming the other. The Newcastle colleges merged to form King's College in 1937. In 1963, following an Act of Parliament, King's College became the University of Newcastle upon Tyne.

The university subdivides into three faculties: the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; the Faculty of Medical Sciences; and the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering. The university offers around 175 full-time undergraduate degree programmes in a wide range of subject areas spanning arts, sciences, engineering and medicine, together with approximately 340 postgraduate taught and research programmes across a range of disciplines.[6] The annual income of the institution for 2022–23 was £592.4 million of which £119.3 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £558 million.[1]

History

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The Armstrong Building
See also: History of Durham University and Colleges of Durham University § Colleges in Newcastle

The establishment of a university in Newcastle upon Tyne was first proposed in 1831 by Thomas Greenhow in a lecture to the Literary and Philosophical Society. In 1832 a group of local medics – physicians George Fife (teaching materia medica and therapeutics) and Samuel Knott (teaching theory and practice of medicine), and surgeons John Fife (teaching surgery), Alexander Fraser (teaching anatomy and physiology) and Henry Glassford Potter (teaching chemistry) – started offering medical lectures in Bell's Court to supplement the apprenticeship system (a fourth surgeon, Duncan McAllum, is mentioned by some sources among the founders, but was not included in the prospectus). The first session started on 1 October 1832 with eight or nine students, including John Snow, then apprenticed to a local surgeon-apothecary, the opening lecture being delivered by John Fife. In 1834 the lectures and practical demonstrations moved to the Hall of the Company of Barber Surgeons to accommodate the growing number of students, and the School of Medicine and Surgery was formally established on 1 October 1834.[7][8][9]

 
Architecture Building, Newcastle University

On 25 June 1851, following a dispute among the teaching staff, the school was formally dissolved and the lecturers split into two rival institutions. The majority formed the Newcastle College of Medicine, and the others established themselves as the Newcastle upon Tyne College of Medicine and Practical Science with competing lecture courses.[10] In July 1851 the majority college was recognised by the Society of Apothecaries and in October by the Royal College of Surgeons of England and in January 1852 was approved by the University of London to submit its students for London medical degree examinations. Later in 1852, the majority college was formally linked to the University of Durham, becoming the "Newcastle-upon-Tyne College of Medicine in connection with the University of Durham".[11] The college awarded its first 'Licence in Medicine' (LicMed) under the auspices of the University of Durham in 1856, with external examiners from Oxford and London, becoming the first medical examining body on the United Kingdom to institute practical examinations alongside written and viva voce examinations. The two colleges amalgamated in 1857, with the first session of the unified college opening on 3 October that year.[12] In 1861 the degree of Master of Surgery was introduced, allowing for the double qualification of Licence of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, along with the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Doctor of Medicine, both of which required residence in Durham. In 1870 the college was brought into closer connection with the university, becoming the "Durham University College of Medicine" with the Reader in Medicine becoming the Professor of Medicine, the college gaining a representative on the university's senate, and residence at the college henceforth counting as residence in the university towards degrees in medicine and surgery, removing the need for students to spend a period of residence in Durham before they could receive the higher degrees.[13]

Attempts to realise a place for the teaching of sciences in the city were finally met with the foundation of the College of Physical Science in 1871. The college offered instruction in mathematics, physics, chemistry and geology to meet the growing needs of the mining industry, becoming the "Durham College of Physical Science" in 1883 and then renamed after William George Armstrong as Armstrong College in 1904. Both of these institutions were part of the University of Durham, which became a federal university under the Durham University Act 1908 with two divisions in Durham and Newcastle. By 1908, the Newcastle division was teaching a full range of subjects in the Faculties of Medicine, Arts, and Science, which also included agriculture and engineering.[14]

Throughout the early 20th century, the medical and science colleges outpaced the growth of their Durham counterparts. Following tensions between the two Newcastle colleges in the early 1930s, a Royal Commission in 1934 recommended the merger of the two colleges to form "King's College, Durham"; that was effected by the Durham University Act 1937. Further growth of both division of the federal university led to tensions within the structure and a feeling that it was too large to manage as a single body. On 1 August 1963 the Universities of Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne Act 1963 separated the two thus creating the "University of Newcastle upon Tyne".[15] As the successor of King's College, Durham, the university at its founding in 1963, adopted the coat of arms originally granted to the Council of King's College in 1937.

Above the portico of the Students' Union building are bas-relief carvings of the arms and mottoes of the University of Durham, Armstrong College and Durham University College of Medicine, the predecessor parts of Newcastle University. While a Latin motto, mens agitat molem (mind moves matter) appears in the Students' Union building, the university itself does not have an official motto.

In 1967, Newcastle became the only British university to confer an honorary degree on Martin Luther King.[16]

The university established a branch campus in London in 2015, in partnership with INTO University Partnerships, at INTO's existing London campus.[17] The London campus was closed in 2021.[18]

Campus and location

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United Kingdom

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Newcastle University campus, looking towards the Arches with the Students' Union building on the left (2013)
 
 
500m
550yds
 
Newcastle University
Newcastle University on OpenStreetMap

The university occupies a campus site close to Haymarket in central Newcastle upon Tyne. It is located to the northwest of the city centre between the open spaces of Leazes Park and the Town Moor; the university medical school and Royal Victoria Infirmary are adjacent to the west.

The Armstrong building is the oldest building on the campus and is the site of the original Armstrong College. The building was constructed in three stages;[19] the north east wing was completed first at a cost of £18,000 and opened by Princess Louise on 5 November 1888. The south-east wing, which includes the Jubilee Tower, and south-west wings were opened in 1894. The Jubilee Tower was built with surplus funds raised from an Exhibition to mark Queen Victoria's Jubilee in 1887. The north-west front, forming the main entrance, was completed in 1906 and features two stone figures to represent science and the arts. Much of the later construction work was financed by Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell, the metallurgist and former Lord Mayor of Newcastle, after whom the main tower is named. In 1906 it was opened by King Edward VII.[20]

The building contains the King's Hall, which serves as the university's chief hall for ceremonial purposes where Congregation ceremonies are held. It can contain 500 seats.[21] King Edward VII gave permission to call the Great Hall, King's Hall.[20] During the First World War, the building was requisitioned by the War Office to create the first Northern General Hospital, a facility for the Royal Army Medical Corps to treat military casualties.[22][23] Graduation photographs are often taken in the University Quadrangle, next to the Armstrong building. In 1949 the Quadrangle was turned into a formal garden in memory of members of Newcastle University who gave their lives in the two World Wars.[24] In 2017, a statue of Martin Luther King Jr. was erected in the inner courtyard of the Armstrong Building, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of his honorary degree from the university.[25]

The Bruce Building is a former brewery, constructed between 1896 and 1900 on the site of the Hotspur Hotel, and designed by the architect Joseph Oswald[26] as the new premises of Newcastle Breweries Limited.[27][28] The university occupied the building from the 1950s, but, having been empty for some time, the building was refurbished in 2016 to become residential and office space.[29][30]

 
The Devonshire Building

The Devonshire Building, opened in 2004, incorporates in an energy efficient design. It uses photovoltaic cells to help to power motorised shades that control the temperature of the building and geothermal heating coils. Its architects won awards in the Hadrian awards and the RICS Building of the Year Award 2004. The university won a Green Gown award for its construction.[31][32][33]

 
The King's Gate building hosts student and administrative services and was built in 2009.

Plans for additions and improvements to the campus were made public in March 2008 and completed in 2010 at a cost of £200 million. They included a redevelopment of the south-east (Haymarket) façade with a five-storey King's Gate administration building as well as new student accommodation. Two additional buildings for the school of medicine were also built.[34] September 2012 saw the completion of the new buildings and facilities for INTO Newcastle University on the university campus. The main building provides 18 new teaching rooms, a Learning Resource Centre, a lecture theatre, science lab, administrative and academic offices and restaurant.

The Philip Robinson Library is the main university library and is named after a bookseller in the city and benefactor to the library. The Walton Library specialises in services for the Faculty of Medical Sciences in the Medical School. It is named after Lord Walton of Detchant, former Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Professor of Neurology. The library has a relationship with the Northern region of the NHS allowing their staff to use the library for research and study. The Law Library specialises in resources relating to law, and the Marjorie Robinson Library Rooms offers additional study spaces and computers. Together, these house over one million books and 500,000 electronic resources. Some schools within the university, such as the School of Modern Languages, also have their own smaller libraries with smaller highly specialised collections.[35]

In addition to the city centre campus there are buildings such as the Dove Marine Laboratory located on Cullercoats Bay,[36] and Cockle Park Farm in Northumberland.[37]

International

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In September 2008, the university's first overseas branch was opened in Singapore, a Marine International campus called, NUMI Singapore. This later expanded beyond marine subjects and became Newcastle University Singapore, largely through becoming an Overseas University Partner of Singapore Institute of Technology.[38]

In 2011, the university's Medical School opened an international branch campus in Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia, namely Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia.[39]

Student accommodation

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Leazes Terrace, a Grade I listed building, designed by Thomas Oliver and built by Richard Grainger, in 1829–34; now student accommodation.

Newcastle University has many catered and non-catered halls of residence available to first-year students, located around the city of Newcastle.[40] Popular Newcastle areas for private student houses and flats off campus include Jesmond, Heaton, Sandyford, Shieldfield, South Shields and Spital Tongues.

Henderson Hall was used as a hall of residence until a fire destroyed it in 2023.[41]

St Mary's College in Fenham, one of the halls of residence, was formerly St Mary's College of Education, a teacher training college.

Organisation and governance

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The current Chancellor is the British poet and artist Imtiaz Dharker. She assumed the position of Chancellor on 1 January 2020.[42] The vice-chancellor is Chris Day, a hepatologist and former pro-vice-chancellor of the Faculty of Medical Sciences.[43]

The university has an enrolment of some 16,000 undergraduate and 5,600 postgraduate students. Teaching and research are delivered in 19 academic schools,[44] 13 research institutes and 38 research centres, spread across three Faculties: the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; the Faculty of Medical Sciences; and the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering.[45] The university offers around 175 full-time undergraduate degree programmes in a wide range of subject areas spanning arts, sciences, engineering and medicine, together with approximately 340 postgraduate taught and research programmes across a range of disciplines.[46]

It holds a series of public lectures called 'Insights' each year in the Curtis Auditorium in the Herschel Building. Many of the university's partnerships with companies, like Red Hat, are housed in the Herschel Annex.[47]

Chancellors and vice-chancellors

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For heads of the predecessor colleges, see Colleges of Durham University § Colleges in Newcastle.

Chancellors

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Vice-chancellors

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Civic responsibility

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The university Quadrangle

The university describes itself as a civic university,[48] with a role to play in society by bringing its research to bear on issues faced by communities (local, national or international).

In 2012, the university opened the Newcastle Institute for Social Renewal[49] to address issues of social and economic change, representing the research-led academic schools across the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences[50] and the Business School.

Mark Shucksmith was Director of the Newcastle Institute for Social Renewal (NISR) at Newcastle University, where he is also Professor of Planning.[51]

In 2006, the university was granted fair trade status and from January 2007 it became a smoke-free campus.

The university has also been actively involved with several of the region's museums for many years. The Great North Museum: Hancock originally opened in 1884 and is often a venue for the university's events programme.[52]

Faculties, schools and institutes

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Teaching schools within the university are based within three faculties. Each faculty is led by a Provost/Pro-vice-chancellor and a team of Deans with specific responsibilities. The university also has research institutes based within each faculty.

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

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Main article: Newcastle University Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Schools
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Institutes
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  • Institute of Creative Arts Practice
  • Humanities Research Institute
  • Institute of Social Science

Faculty of Medical Sciences

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Schools
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Institutes
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  • Biosciences Institute
  • Population Health Sciences Institute
  • Translational and Clinical Research Institute

Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering

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Main article: Newcastle University Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering
Schools
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  • School of Computing
  • School of Engineering
  • School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics
  • School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
Institutes
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  • Agri-Food Research and Innovation
  • Digital Institute

Business School

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Newcastle University Business School

As early as the 1900/1 academic year, there was teaching in economics (political economy, as it was then known) at Newcastle, making Economics the oldest department in the School.[53] The Economics Department is currently headed by the Sir David Dale Chair.[54] Among the eminent economists having served in the Department (both as holders of the Sir David Dale Chair) are Harry Mainwaring Hallsworth and Stanley Dennison.

Newcastle University Business School is a triple accredited business school, with accreditation by the three major accreditation bodies: AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS.[55]

In 2002, Newcastle University Business School established the Business Accounting and Finance or 'Flying Start' degree in association with the ICAEW and PricewaterhouseCoopers.[56] The course offers an accelerated route towards the ACA Chartered Accountancy qualification and is the Business School's Flagship programme.[56]

In 2011 the business school opened their new building built on the former Scottish and Newcastle brewery site next to St James' Park.[57] This building was officially opened on 19 March 2012 by Lord Burns.[58]

The business school operated a central London campus from 2014 to 2021, in partnership with INTO University Partnerships until 2020.[59]

Medical School

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Main article: Newcastle University Medical School
 
Medical faculty, Newcastle University

The BMC Medicine journal reported in 2008 that medical graduates from Oxford, Cambridge and Newcastle performed better in postgraduate tests than any other medical school in the UK.[60]

In 2008 the Medical School announced that they were expanding their campus to Malaysia.[39]

The Royal Victoria Infirmary has always had close links with the Faculty of Medical Sciences as a major teaching hospital.

School of Modern Languages

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The School of Modern Languages consists of five sections: East Asian (which includes Japanese and Chinese); French; German; Spanish, Portuguese & Latin American Studies; and Translating & Interpreting Studies.[61] Six languages are taught from beginner's level to full degree level ‒ Chinese, Japanese, French, German, Spanish and Portuguese ‒ and beginner's courses in Catalan, Dutch, Italian and Quechua are also available. Beyond the learning of the languages themselves, Newcastle also places a great deal of emphasis on study and experience of the cultures of the countries where the languages taught are spoken. The School of Modern Languages hosts North East England's only branches of two internationally important institutes: the Camões Institute, a language institute for Portuguese, and the Confucius Institute, a language and cultural institute for Chinese.

The teaching of modern foreign languages at Newcastle predates the creation of Newcastle University itself, as in 1911 Armstrong College in Newcastle installed Albert George Latham, its first professor of modern languages.[62]

The School of Modern Languages at Newcastle is the lead institution in the North East Routes into Languages Consortium[63] and, together with the Durham University, Northumbria University, the University of Sunderland, the Teesside University and a network of schools, undertakes work activities of discovery of languages for the 9 to 13 years pupils.[63] This implies having festivals, Q&A sessions, language tasters, or quizzes organised, as well as a web learning work aiming at constructing a web portal to link language learners across the region.

Newcastle Law School

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Newcastle Law School

Newcastle Law School is the longest established law school in the north-east of England when law was taught at the university's predecessor college before it became independent from Durham University.[64][65] It has a number of recognised international and national experts in a variety of areas of legal scholarship ranging from Common and Chancery law, to International and European law, as well as contextual, socio-legal and theoretical legal studies.[65]

The Law School occupies four specially adapted late-Victorian town houses. The Staff Offices, the Alumni Lecture Theatre and seminar rooms as well as the Law Library are all located within the School buildings.[66]

School of Computing

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The School of Computing was ranked in the Times Higher Education world Top 100.[67] Research areas include Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and ubiquitous computing, secure and resilient systems, synthetic biology, scalable computing (high performance systems, data science, machine learning and data visualization), and advanced modelling. The school led the formation of the National Innovation Centre for Data.[68] Innovative teaching in the School was recognised in 2017 with the award of a National Teaching Fellowship.[69]

Cavitation tunnel

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The Hancock Museum, founded in 1884, is the main location of the Great North Museum.

Newcastle University has the second largest cavitation tunnel in the UK. Founded in 1950, and based in the Marine Science and Technology Department, the Emerson Cavitation Tunnel is used as a test basin for propellers, water turbines, underwater coatings and interaction of propellers with ice.[70] The Emerson Cavitation Tunnel was recently relocated to a new facility in Blyth.[71]

Museums and galleries

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The university is associated with a number of the region's museums and galleries, including the Great North Museum project, which is primarily based at the world-renowned Hancock Museum. The Great North Museum: Hancock also contains the collections from two of the university's former museums, the Shefton Museum and the Museum of Antiquities, both now closed.[72] The university's Hatton Gallery is also a part of the Great North Museum project, and remains within the Fine Art Building.

Academic profile

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Reputation and rankings

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Rankings
National rankings
Complete (2025)[73]26
Guardian (2025)[74]63
Times / Sunday Times (2025)[75]30=
Global rankings
ARWU (2024)[76]201–300
QS (2025)[77]129
THE (2025)[78]157=
 
Newcastle University's national league table performance over the past ten years

The university is a member of the Russell Group of the UK's research-intensive universities. It is ranked in the top 200 of most world rankings, and in the top 40 of most UK rankings. As of 2023, it is ranked 110th globally by QS,[77] 292nd by Leiden,[79] 139th by Times Higher Education[78] and 201st–300th by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.[76] Nationally, it is ranked joint 33rd by the Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide,[75] 30th by the Complete University Guide[73] and joint 63rd by the Guardian.[74]

Admissions

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UCAS Admission Statistics
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019
Applications[α][80] 35,980 33,735 32,400 34,550 31,965
Accepted[α][80] 6,290 6,755 6,255 6,580 6,445
Applications/Accepted Ratio[α] 5.7 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.0
Offer Rate (%)[β][81] 79.2 78.1 78.0 80.2 79.2
Average Entry Tariff[82] — — 151 148 144
  1. ^ a b c Main scheme applications, International and UK
  2. ^ UK domiciled applicants
HESA Student Body Composition
Domicile[83] and Ethnicity[84] Total
British White 65% 65
 
British Ethnic Minorities[a] 12% 12
 
International EU 4% 4
 
International Non-EU 19% 19
 
Undergraduate Widening Participation Indicators[85][86]
Female 52% 52
 
Private School 23% 23
 
Low Participation Areas[b] 9% 9
 

In terms of average UCAS points of entrants, Newcastle ranked joint 19th in Britain in 2014.[87] In 2015, the university gave offers of admission to 92.1% of its applicants, the highest amongst the Russell Group.[88]

25.1% of Newcastle's undergraduates are privately educated, the thirteenth highest proportion amongst mainstream British universities.[89] In the 2016–17 academic year, the university had a domicile breakdown of 74:5:21 of UK:EU:non-EU students respectively with a female to male ratio of 51:49.[90]

Research

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The Herschel Building, home to the School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, and several of the university's largest lecture theatres

Newcastle is a member of the Russell Group of 24 research-intensive universities. In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF), which assesses the quality of research in UK higher education institutions, Newcastle is ranked joint 33rd by GPA (along with the University of Strathclyde and the University of Sussex) and 15th for research power (the grade point average score of a university, multiplied by the full-time equivalent number of researchers submitted).[91]

Student life

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Students' union

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Main article: Newcastle University Students' Union
 
Students' Union following refurbishment, 2012

Newcastle University Students' Union (NUSU), known as the Union Society until a 2012 rebranding, includes student-run sports clubs and societies.

The Union building was built in 1924 following a generous gift from an anonymous donor, who is now believed to have been Sir Cecil Cochrane, a major benefactor to the university.[92] It is built in the neo-Jacobean style and was designed by the local architect Robert Burns Dick. It was opened on 22 October 1925 by the Rt. Hon. Lord Eustace Percy, who later served as Rector of King's College from 1937 to 1952. It is a Grade II listed building. In 2010 the university donated £8 million towards a redevelopment project for the Union Building.[93]

The Students' Union is run by seven paid sabbatical officers, including a Welfare and Equality Officer, and ten part-time unpaid officer positions. The former leader of the Liberal Democrats Tim Farron was President of NUSU in 1991–1992.[94] The Students' Union also employs around 300 people in ancillary roles including bar staff and entertainment organisers.

The Courier is a weekly student newspaper. Established in 1948, the current weekly readership is around 12,000, most of whom are students at the university. The Courier has won The Guardian's Student Publication of the Year award twice in a row, in 2012 and 2013.[95] It is published every Monday during term time.[96]

Newcastle Student Radio is a student radio station based in the university. It produces shows on music, news, talk and sport and aims to cater for a wide range of musical tastes.[97]

NUTV, known as TCTV from 2010 to 2017, is student television channel, first established in 2007. It produces live and on-demand content with coverage of events, as well as student-made programmes and shows.[98]

Student exchange

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Newcastle University has signed over 100 agreements with foreign universities allowing for student exchange to take place reciprocally.[99]

Sport

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Sports Centre, Newcastle University

Newcastle is one of the leading universities for sport in the UK and is consistently ranked within the top 12 out of 152 higher education institutions in the British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) rankings. More than 50 student-led sports clubs are supported through a team of professional staff and a network of indoor and outdoor sports facilities based over four sites.[100] The university have a strong rugby history and were the winners of the Northumberland Senior Cup in 1965.

The university enjoys a friendly sporting rivalry with local universities. The Stan Calvert Cup[101] was held between 1994 and 2018 by major sports teams from Newcastle and Northumbria University. The Boat Race of the North has also taken place between the rowing clubs of Newcastle and Durham University.[102]

As of 2023, Newcastle University F.C. compete in men's senior football in the Northern League Division Two.[103]

The university's Cochrane Park sports facility was a training venue for the teams playing football games at St James' Park for the 2012 London Olympics.[104]

Notable people

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Main article: List of Newcastle University people

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Includes those who indicate that they identify as Asian, Black, Mixed Heritage, Arab or any other ethnicity except White.
  2. ^ Calculated from the Polar4 measure, using Quintile1, in England and Wales. Calculated from the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) measure, using SIMD20, in Scotland.
  1. ^ a b c "Integrated Annual Report 2022–23" (PDF). Newcastle University. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  2. ^ Gove, Jack (11 July 2016). "Newcastle University looks close to home for new v–c". Times Higher Education. TES Global. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Who's working in HE?". www.hesa.ac.uk. Higher Education Statistics Agency.
  4. ^ a b c "Where do HE students study? | HESA". hesa.ac.uk. Higher Education Statistics Agency.
  5. ^ "The Russell Group". The Russell Group. Archived from the original on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
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  8. ^ Vinten-Johansen, Peter; Brody, Howard; Paneth, Nigel; Rachman, Stephen; Rip, Michael; Zuck, David (1 May 2003). Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow. Oxford University Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780199747887. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  9. ^ Dennis Embleton (1890). Collegium Medicum Novocastrense : the history of the Medical School, afterwards the Durham College of Medicine at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, for forty years, from 1832 to 1872. Andrew Reid, Sons & Co. pp. 3–12.
  10. ^ "Newcastle upon Tyne College of Medicine and Practical Science lecture list". Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
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  12. ^ Dennis Embleton (1890). Collegium Medicum Novocastrense : the history of the Medical School, afterwards the Durham College of Medicine at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, for forty years, from 1832 to 1872. Andrew Reid, Sons & Co. pp. 60, 63–65.
  13. ^ Dennis Embleton (1890). Collegium Medicum Novocastrense : the history of the Medical School, afterwards the Durham College of Medicine at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, for forty years, from 1832 to 1872. Andrew Reid, Sons & Co. pp. 75, 92.
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  16. ^ "Martin Luther King receives honorary degree from Newcastle University". The Guardian. 14 November 1967.
  17. ^ Elliot Davies (2 March 2015). "Student news round-up: Newcastle University to open London campus". The Independent.
  18. ^ "About Newcastle University London". Newcastle University. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021.
  19. ^ "The Armstrong Building". Heritage Open Days. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  20. ^ a b "Royal opening for student services building". Newcastle University. 4 February 2010. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
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  24. ^ "Quadrangle". Newcastle University. 2009. Archived from the original on 16 November 2009. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
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