Arctic foothills tundra

The Arctic foothills tundra is an ecoregion of the far north of North America, lying inland from the north coast of Alaska. This is permafrost tundra with an average annual temperature below freezing.

Arctic Foothills Tundra
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, looking south toward the Brooks Range
1104. Arctic Foothills Tundra
Ecology
Realm	Nearctic
Biome	Tundra
Borders	Arctic coastal tundra Brooks-British Range tundra Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga Northwest Territories taiga
Bird species	64
Mammal species	31
Geography
Area	123,512 km2 (47,688 sq mi)
Country	United States
State	Alaska
Rivers	Noatak River, Colville River
Conservation
Conservation status	Relatively Stable/Intact
Global 200	Yes
Habitat loss	0%
Protected	67.8%

Setting

This is a hilly area that lies between the boggier Arctic coastal tundra to the north and the Brooks Range to the south, and stretching from the Chukchi Sea east across northern Alaska to the border with Canada's Yukon Territory. The Noatak River valley is the only forested area.

Flora

The main vegetation is the scrubby cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum), stiff sedge (Carex bigelowii) and shrubs such as Betula nana, Empetrum nigrum, Rhododendron subarcticum, and the berry Vaccinium vitis-idaea.

Fauna

The Colville River is a migration route for wildlife including moose, and a breeding area for gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon, and rough-legged hawks. The ecoregion is also home to a number of waterbirds. Mammals include the large ungulates moose (Alces alces) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus), the predators brown bear (Ursus arctos) and wolf (Canis lupus) breed here, while smaller mammals include Alaskan hare (Lepus othus) and Arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryi).

Threats and preservation

This ecoregion is unspoilt except that it is crossed by the Dalton Highway and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, which can disrupt migratory behaviour of some wildlife. The east end of the ecoregion is part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.

See also

• List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)