Ardabil province (Persian: استان اردبیل) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ardabil.[4] The province is in the northwest of the country, in Region 3, bordering the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, and Gilan.[5] Spanning an area of 18,011 km2, and established in 1993, Ardabil was carved out of the eastern part of East Azerbaijan Province.
Ardabil Province
Persian: استان اردبیل | |
|---|---|
 Location of Ardabil province within Iran | |
| Coordinates: 38°26′N 48°06′E / 38.433°N 48.100°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Region | Region 3 |
| Capital | Ardabil |
| Counties | 12 |
| Government | |
| • Governor-general | Hamed Ameli |
| Area | |
| • Total | 17,800 km2 (6,900 sq mi) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
| • Total | 1,270,420 |
| • Density | 71/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+03:30 (IRST) |
| Main language(s) | Persian (official) local languages: Azerbaijani Tati Talysh |
| HDI (2017) | 0.756[3] high · 28th |
History
edit
The natural features of the province of Ardabil are mentioned in the Avesta, according to which Zoroaster was born by the river Aras and wrote his book in the Sabalan Mountains. During the Muslim conquest of Iran, Ardabil was the largest city in Azarbaijan, and remained so until the Mongol invasion period.[citation needed]
Shah Ismail I started his campaign to nationalize Iran's government and land from here, but consequently announced Tabriz as his capital in 1500 CE. Yet Ardabil remained an important city both politically and economically until modern times.[citation needed]
Demographics
editLanguage
editThe primary language of Ardabil province is Azerbaijani, a Turkic language, which is spoken by a majority in every county.[6][7][8]
Other languages in Ardabil include Tati (in Khalkhal county) and Talysh (in Namin county). Furthermore, there is a group of Kurmanji-speaking Kurds around the city of Khalkhal known as Gormanj.[9] [10] Persian is known by almost everyone in the province as it is the official language of the country, although very few speak it as their mother tongue.
Population
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 1,209,968 in 281,433 households.[11] The following census in 2011 counted 1,248,488 people in 337,943 households.[12] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 1,270,420 inhabitants in 377,423 households.[2]
Administrative divisions
edit
The population history and structural changes of Ardabil province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
| Counties | 2006[11] | 2011[12] | 2016[2] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ardabil | 542,930 | 564,365 | 605,992 |
| Aslan Duz[a] | — | — | — |
| Bileh Savar | 54,471 | 53,768 | 51,404 |
| Germi | 89,248 | 84,267 | 76,901 |
| Khalkhal | 92,315 | 92,332 | 86,731 |
| Kowsar | 27,472 | 26,198 | 22,127 |
| Meshgin Shahr | 156,141 | 151,156 | 149,941 |
| Namin | 59,242 | 61,333 | 60,659 |
| Nir | 23,573 | 23,656 | 20,864 |
| Parsabad | 164,576 | 173,182 | 177,601 |
| Sareyn[b] | — | 18,231 | 18,200 |
| Ungut[c] | — | — | — |
| Total | 1,209,968 | 1,248,488 | 1,270,420 |
Cities
editAccording to the 2016 census, 866,034 people (over 68% of the population of Ardabil province) live in the following cities:[2]
| City | Population |
|---|---|
| Abi Beyglu | 6,516 |
| Anbaran | 5,757 |
| Ardabil | 529,374 |
| Aslan Duz | 6,348 |
| Bileh Savar | 16,188 |
| Eslamabad | 3,068 |
| Fakhrabad | 999 |
| Germi | 28,967 |
| Hashatjin | 5,725 |
| Hir | 2,080 |
| Jafarabad | 7,226 |
| Khalkhal | 39,304 |
| Kivi | 7,101 |
| Kolowr | 2,347 |
| Kuraim | 831 |
| Lahrud | 2,149 |
| Meshginshahr | 74,109 |
| Moradlu | 671 |
| Namin | 13,659 |
| Nir | 5,873 |
| Parsabad | 93,387 |
| Qosabeh | 2,095 |
| Razey | 1,581 |
| Sareyn | 5,459 |
| Tazeh Kand-e Angut | 2,645 |
| Tazeh Kand-e Qadim | 2,575 |
Overview
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2024) |
Many tourists come to the region for its cool climate (max 35 °C (95°F)) during the hot summer months. The winters are bitterly cold, with temperatures plummeting to −25 °C (-13°F).
Its famous natural region is the Sabalan mountains.[clarification needed] The province is considered the coldest province in Iran by many. Large parts of the province are green and forested.
Ardabil's capital stands about 70 km from the Caspian Sea. Neighboring the Caspian Sea and the Republic of Azerbaijan, the city is of political and economic significance.[citation needed]
Ardabil is the seat of the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safî ad-Dîn, eponym of the Safavid dynasty Kulliye. It has many hot springs and natural landscapes which attract tourists.[citation needed] The mineral springs of Ardabil are Beele-Darreh, Sareyn, Sardabeh and Booshloo, which are known throughout Iran for their medicinal qualities.
It also has a number of lakes: the largest of which are Ne'or, Shoorabil, ShoorGel, NouShahr and Alooche, which are the habitats of some species of water birds.
Lake Ne'or is located in a mountainous area 48 km south-east of the city of Ardabil. It covers an area of 2.1 km2 and has an average depth of 3 metres. It is fed by springs in the lake bed. Lake Shoorabil is located in a hilly area south of the city of Ardabil and covers an area of 640,000 m2. The surface of the lake is covered with a thin white layer of minerals, which is useful for healing skin diseases and rheumatism. Near the lake there is the leisure complex of Shoorabil.
Ardabil is a city of great antiquity. Its origins go back 4000 to 6000 years (according to historical research in this city). This city was the capital of Azerbaijan province in different times, but its golden age was in the Safavid period.
One of the most ancient cities in Iran is Meshkin Shahr. It is located in the north-west of Iran in Azerbaijan, 839 kilometers from Tehran. It is the closest city to the Sabalan mountains. In the past, it was called "Khiav", "Orami", and "Varavi".
Colleges and universities
edit- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
- Mohaghegh Ardabili University
- Islamic Azad University of Ardabil
- Payam Noor University of Ardabil
- Soureh University of Ardabil
- Islamic Azad University of Khalkhal
See also
edit
Media related to Ardabil Province at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
edit- ^ Separated from Parsabad County after the 2016 census<[13]
- ^ Separated from Ardabil County after the 2006 census[14]
- ^ Separated from Germi County after the 2016 census[15]
References
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (22 August 2024). "Ardabil Province" (Map). openstreetmap.org (OpenStreetMap) (in Persian). Retrieved 22 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Ardabil Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2021) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of East Azerbaijan province, centered in the city of Tabriz. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Resolution 93808/T907. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2024 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ "همشهری آنلاین-استانهای کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014 [1 Tir 1393, Jalaali]. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
- ^ Iran A Country Study, Author Federal Research Division, Edition reprint, Publisher Kessinger Publishing, 2004, ISBN 1-4191-2670-9, ISBN 978-1-4191-2670-3, Length 340 pages
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z Volume 4 of Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World, James Minahan, ISBN 0-313-31617-1, ISBN 978-0-313-31617-3, Author James Minahan, Publisher Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 0-313-32384-4, ISBN 978-0-313-32384-3, Length 2241 pages
- ^ "CIAO". Archived from the original on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- ^ "گذری بر تاریخچه کُردهای خلخال".
- ^ "Talysh".
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Ardabil Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Ardabil Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (24 March 2017) [Approved 7 December 1397]. Approval letter regarding national divisions in Parsabad County of Ardabil province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 164180/T55515H. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (15 July 2009) [Approved 24 April 1388]. "With the approval of the government, Sareyn became a county". irna.ir (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023 – via Islamic Republic News Agency.
- ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2019) [Approved 18 September 2019]. Approval letter regarding national divisions in Germi County of Ardabil province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 104900/T57337H. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2023 – via Islamic Council Research Center.
External links
edit- Encyclopedia of Orient About Ardabil Archived 2019-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
- "Ardabil-Iran Carvan Tourism". Archived from the original on 29 March 2006. Retrieved 27 October 2005.
- Ardabil Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine entries in the Encyclopædia Iranica Archived 2006-10-19 at the Wayback Machine
- "site of meshkin shahr". Archived from the original on 16 July 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2009.