The Aresh uezd,[a] later known as the Agdash uezd,[b] was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire and later of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic with its center in Aresh (present-day Agdash) from 1874[3] until its formal abolition in 1929 by Soviet authorities.[4][5]
Aresh uezd
Арешскій уѣздъ | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms | |
 Location in the Elizavetpol Governorate | |
| Country | Russian Empire |
| Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
| Governorate | Elizavetpol |
| Established | 1874 |
| Abolished | 1929 |
| Capital | Aresh (present-day Agdash) |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,638.21 km2 (1,018.62 sq mi) |
| Population (1916) | |
• Total | 99,400 |
| • Density | 38/km2 (98/sq mi) |
| • Rural | 100.00% |
Geography
editThe Aresh uezd was located in the northeastern section of Elizavetpol Governorate, on the eastern bank of the Kura River, bordering the Baku Governorate to the east, the Nukha uezd to the north, the Elizavetpol uezd to the northwest and Jebrail uezd to the southwest. The area of the uezd was 2822.9 square verst. The territory of the county was mainly made up of lowlands.[6] The county capital was initially in Uchkovakh, later being moved to Agdash, which was considered the largest cotton-trading center in the lowlands of Transcaucasia.[5]
History
editThe territory of Aresh uezd was located in the Turyanchay River basin. The area was called Aresh (Azerbaijani: Ərəş) in the Middle Ages and formed a part of Shirvan Baylarbaylik which was gradually made significantly weaker after repeated Ottoman-Safavid conflicts on its territory, eventually being subdued into the Shaki Khanate in the 1750s.
After the establishment of Russian rule, Aresh was a part of Nukha uezd of Baku Governorate, however, in 1874, the territory was detached and established as a separate Aresh uezd of the newly established Elizavetpol Governorate in 1868.
The Aresh uezd was formally abolished by Soviet authorities in 1929, and superseded by the Agdash Rayon, which was established in its place in 1930.[7]
Administrative divisions
editThe subcounties (uchastoks) of the Aresh uezd in 1912 were as follows:[8]
| Name | 1912 population | Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1-y uchastok (1-й участокъ) | 34,078 | 575.84 square versts (655.34 km2; 253.03 sq mi) |
| 2-y uchastok (2-й участокъ) | 28,410 | 890.66 square versts (1,013.63 km2; 391.36 sq mi) |
| 3-y uchastok (3-й участокъ) | 10,420 | 851.60 square versts (969.17 km2; 374.20 sq mi) |
Economy
editThe population was engaged primarily in agricultural farming and gardening. During summers, they would take the cattle to the mountains and return only in September. Wool production played an important role in the economy of uezd.[6]
Demographics
editRussian Empire Census
editAccording to the Russian Empire Census, the Aresh uezd had a population of 67,277 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 36,623 men and 30,654 women. The plurality of the population indicated Tatar[c] to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Kyurin (Lezgian) speaking minorities.[11][12]
| Language | Native speakers | % |
|---|---|---|
| Tatar[c] | 47,133 | 70.06 |
| Armenian | 13,822 | 20.54 |
| Kyurin | 5,869 | 8.72 |
| Russian | 155 | 0.23 |
| Kazi-Kumukh | 128 | 0.19 |
| Avar-Andean | 71 | 0.11 |
| Jewish | 34 | 0.05 |
| Greek | 8 | 0.01 |
| Persian | 8 | 0.01 |
| Georgian | 8 | 0.01 |
| Belarusian | 7 | 0.01 |
| Polish | 6 | 0.01 |
| Udi | 4 | 0.01 |
| German | 1 | 0.00 |
| Other | 23 | 0.03 |
| TOTAL | 67,277 | 100.00 |
Kavkazskiy kalendar
editAccording to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Aresh uezd had a population of 99,400 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 53,144 men and 46,256 women, 97,280 of whom were the permanent population, and 2,180 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated Sunni Muslims to be the overwhelming majority of the population of the county with significant Armenian and Shia Muslim minorities:[13]
| Nationality | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Sunni Muslims[d] | 62,155 | 62.53 |
| Armenians | 19,161 | 19.28 |
| Shia Muslims[e] | 16,935 | 17.04 |
| Russians | 1,047 | 1.05 |
| Roma | 37 | 0.04 |
| Asiatic Christians | 30 | 0.03 |
| Jews | 15 | 0.02 |
| Other Europeans | 13 | 0.01 |
| Georgians | 7 | 0.01 |
| TOTAL | 99,400 | 100.00 |
Notes
edit- ^
- Russian: Аре́шскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Aréshsky uyézd
- Azerbaijani: آریش قضاسی, romanized: Āreş qaz̤āsı[1]
- ^
- Russian: Агдашский уезд, romanized: Agdashskiy uyezd
- Azerbaijani: آغداش قضاسی, romanized: Āğdāş qaz̤āsı[2]
- ^ a b Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[9][10]
- ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[14]
- ^ Primarily Tatars.[14]
References
edit- ^ "Выпуск 15-й. Арешский уезд." [Part 15. Aresh uezd.]. Азербайджанская сельскохозяйственная перепись 1921 года [1921 Azerbaijani agricultural census] (in Russian and Azerbaijani). Baku: Azerbaijani Central Statistical Bureau. 1922. p. 64 – via State Public Historical Library of Russia.
- ^ "Выпуск 1-й. Учебные заведения." [Part 1. Educational institutions.]. Перепись просветительных учреждений Азербайджана 31 января 1922 года: списки просветительных учреждений [Census of educational institutions of Azerbaijan on 31 January 1922: lists of educational institutions. Part 1. Educational institutions.] (in Russian and Azerbaijani). Baku: Azerbaijani Central Statistical Bureau. 1922. p. 13 – via State Public Historical Library of Russia.
- ^ Agaian, Tshatur (1956). Крестьянская реформа в Азербайджане в 1870 году [Peasant reforms in Azerbaijan in 1870]. Baku, Azerbaijan: National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR. p. 61. Retrieved 2013-04-09.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 280; see three lines from end.
The government is divided into eight districts, Elisavetpol, Aresh......
- ^ a b "Большой энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Агдаш" [Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia Dictionary. Agdash]. Retrieved 2011-08-05.
- ^ a b "Большой энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Арешский уезд" [Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia Dictionary. Areshsky Uyezd]. Retrieved 2011-08-05.
- ^ Khalafov, M.S. (1964). История государства и права Азербайджанской ССР [History of State and Law of Azerbaijan SSR]. Vol. 1. Baku, Azerbaijan: National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR. Institute of Philosophy and Law. p. 46. Retrieved 2013-04-09.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 152–159.
- ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
- ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
- ^ a b "Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России" [First All Russian Imperial Census of 1897. Population split according to languages spoken; uyezds of Russian empire except for governorates in European part of empire]. Retrieved 2013-04-09.
- ^ "АРЕШСКИЙ УЕЗД (1897 г.)" [Areshskiy Uyezd (1897)]. Retrieved 2011-08-05.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 190–197.
- ^ a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
Bibliography
edit- Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.
- Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
- Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
- Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
- Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.