(29075) 1950 DA (provisional designation 1950 DA) is a risk-listed asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group, approximately 1.3 kilometers (0.81 miles) in diameter.[4] It once had the highest known probability of impacting Earth.[11] In 2002, it had the highest Palermo rating with a value of 0.17 and a probability of 1 in 306 (0.33%) for a possible collision in 2880.[12][5] Since that time, the estimated risk has been updated several times. In December 2015, the odds of an Earth impact were revised to 1 in 8,300 (0.012%) with a Palermo rating of −1.42.[11] As of November 2024[update], it is listed on the Sentry Risk Table with the highest cumulative Palermo rating of -0.92.[13][14] 1950 DA is not assigned a Torino scale rating, because the 2880 date is over 100 years in the future. As of 21 November 2024, the odds of an Earth impact reached 1 in 2,600 (0.039%).[13][11]
 | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Carl A. Wirtanen |
| Discovery site | Lick Obs. |
| Discovery date | 23 February 1950 |
| Designations | |
| (29075) 1950 DA | |
| 1950 DA · 2000 YK66 | |
| NEO · Apollo · PHA[1][2] · risk listed | |
| Orbital characteristics[2] | |
| Epoch 31 March 2024 (JD 2460400.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 73.61 yr (26,885 d) |
| Aphelion | 2.5614 AU |
| Perihelion | 0.8355 AU |
| 1.6985 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.5081 |
| 2.214 yr (809 d) | |
| 134.33° | |
| 0° 26m 43.08s / day | |
| Inclination | 12.17° |
| 356.64° | |
| 224.70° | |
| Earth MOID | 0.04011 AU (15.609 LD) |
| Proper orbital elements[3] | |
Precession of perihelion | 13.655 arcsec / yr |
Precession of the ascending node | −35.824 arcsec / yr |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 1.39 km × 1.46 km × 1.07 km[4] |
| Mass | >4×1012 kg[a] |
Mean density | >3.5 g/cm3[4] |
| 2.12160±0.00004 h[4] | |
Discovery and nomenclature
edit1950 DA was first discovered on 23 February 1950 by Carl A. Wirtanen at Lick Observatory.[2] It was observed for seventeen days[5] and then lost because this short observation arc resulted in large uncertainties in Wirtanen's orbital solution. On 31 December 2000, it was recovered at Lowell Observatory and was announced as 2000 YK66 on 4 January 2001.[15] Just two hours later it was recognized as 1950 DA.[5][16]
Observations
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On 5 March 2001, 1950 DA made a close approach to Earth at a distance of 0.05207 AU (7.790 million km; 4.840 million mi; 20.26 LD).[17] It was studied by radar at the Goldstone and Arecibo observatories from March 3 to 7, 2001.[5]
The studies showed that the asteroid has a mean diameter of 1.1 km, assuming that 1950 DA is a retrograde rotator.[18] Optical lightcurve analysis by Lenka Šarounová and Petr Pravec shows that its rotation period is 2.1216±0.0001 hours. Due to its short rotation period and high radar albedo, 1950 DA is thought to be fairly dense (more than 3.5 g/cm3, assuming that it has no internal strength) and likely composed of nickel–iron.[4] In August 2014, scientists from the University of Tennessee determined that 1950 DA is a rubble pile rotating faster than the breakup limit for its density, implying the asteroid is held together by van der Waals forces rather than gravity.[19][20]
1950 DA made distant approaches to Earth on 20 May 2012, 5 February 2021 and 5 February 2023.[17] However, at these times it was a quarter to half an AU away from Earth, preventing more useful astrometrics and timing that occurs when an object is closer to Earth. The next close approach that presents a good opportunity to observe the asteroid will be on 2 March 2032, when it will be 0.076 AU (11.4 million km) from Earth. The following table lists the next five approaches closer than 0.1 AU.[17] By 2136 the close approach solutions are becoming notably more divergent.[citation needed]
| Date | JPL SBDB nominal geocentric distance (AU) |
uncertainty region (3-sigma) |
|---|---|---|
| 2 March 2032 | 0.07575 AU (11,332,365 km) | ±33 km |
| 19 March 2074 | 0.09546 AU (14,280,525 km) | ±115 km |
| 10 March 2105 | 0.03632 AU (5,432,776 km) | ±21 km |
| 1 March 2136 | 0.04260 AU (6,372,235 km) | ±869 km |
| 8 March 2187 | 0.03522 AU (5,269,533 km) | ±2383 km |
Possible Earth impact
edit1950 DA has one of the best-determined asteroid orbital solutions. This is due to a combination of:[5]
- an orbit moderately inclined (12 degrees)[2] to the ecliptic plane (reducing in-plane perturbations);
- high-precision radar astrometry, which provides its distance and is complementary to the measurements of angular positions;
- a 74-year observation arc;[2]
- an uncertainty region controlled by resonance.[5]
Main-belt asteroid 78 Diana (~125 km in diameter) will pass about 0.003 AU (450,000 km; 280,000 mi) from 1950 DA on 5 August 2150.[5] At that distance and size, Diana will perturb 1950 DA enough so that the change in trajectory is notable by 2880 (730 years later). In addition, over the intervening time, 1950 DA's rotation will cause its orbit to slightly change as a result of the Yarkovsky effect. If 1950 DA continues on its present orbit, it may approach Earth on 16 March 2880, though the mean trajectory passes many millions of kilometres from Earth, so 1950 DA does not have a significant chance of impacting Earth. As of November 2024[update], according to the latest solution dated 21 November 2024, the probability of an impact in 2880 is 1 in 2,600 (0.039%).[11]
The energy released by a collision with an object the size of 1950 DA would cause major effects on the climate and biosphere, which would be devastating to human civilization. The discovery of the potential impact heightened interest in asteroid deflection strategies.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ A reported volume of 1.14 km3 × density of 3.5 g/cm3 yields a mass (m = d × v) of 3.99×1012 kg
References
edit- ^ a b c "29075 (1950 DA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 29075 (1950 DA)" (2023-10-03 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ "(29075) 1950DA NeoDys – Proper Elements". NeoDys Near Earth Objects Dynamic Site. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Busch, Michael W.; Giorgini, Jon D.; Ostro, Steven J.; Benner, Lance A. M.; Jurgens, Raymond F.; Rose, Randy; et al. (October 2007). "Physical modeling of near-Earth Asteroid (29075) 1950 DA" (PDF). Icarus. 190 (2): 608–621. Bibcode:2007Icar..190..608B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.032. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Giorgini, J. D.; Ostro, S. J.; Benner, L. A. M.; Chodas, P. W.; Chesley, S. R.; Hudson, R. S.; et al. (April 2002). "Asteroid 1950 DA's Encounter with Earth in 2880: Physical Limits of Collision Probability Prediction" (PDF). Science. 296 (5565): 132–136. Bibcode:2002Sci...296..132G. doi:10.1126/science.1068191. PMID 11935024. S2CID 8689246. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ^ a b c Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 247: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ^ Rivkin, A. S.; Binzel, R. P.; Bus, S. J. (May 2005). "Constraining near-Earth object albedos using near-infrared spectroscopy". Icarus. 175 (1): 175–180. Bibcode:2005Icar..175..175R. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.11.005.
- ^ a b c d Dandy, C. L.; Fitzsimmons, A.; Collander-Brown, S. J. (June 2003). "Optical colors of 56 near-Earth objects: trends with size and orbit". Icarus. 163 (2): 363–373. Bibcode:2003Icar..163..363D. doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00087-3.
- ^ a b "LCDB Data for (29075)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ "(29075) 1950DA". NeoDys Near Earth Objects Dynamic Site. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d "29075 (1950 DA) Earth Impact Risk Summary". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. 6 February 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ "Asteroid 1950 DA". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
- ^ a b "Sentry Risk Table". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Retrieved 18 June 2024. (Use Unconstrained Settings)
- ^ "Impact threat analysis update completed for 1950 DA". European Space Agency. 29 March 2022.
- ^ "MPEC 2001-A22 : 2000 YK66". Minor Planet Center. 4 January 2001. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
- ^ "MPEC 2001-A26 : 1950 DA = 2000 YK66". Minor Planet Center. 4 January 2001. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
- ^ a b c d "JPL Close-Approach Data: 29075 (1950 DA)" (solution: 2024-04-24; last observation: 2023-10-03; arc: 73.61 years). Retrieved 18 June 2024.
- ^ Farnocchia, D.; Chesley, S. R. (February 2014). "Assessment of the 2880 impact threat from Asteroid (29075) 1950 DA". Icarus. 229: 321–327. arXiv:1310.0861. Bibcode:2014Icar..229..321F. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.09.022.
- ^ Rozitis, Ben; MacLennan, Eric; Emery, Joshua P. (13 August 2014). "Cohesive forces prevent the rotational breakup of rubble-pile asteroid (29075) 1950 DA" (PDF). Nature. 512 (7513): 174–176. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..174R. doi:10.1038/nature13632. PMID 25119234. S2CID 4469997. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ "UT Research uncovers forces that hold asteroid together". University of Tennessee. 13 August 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
External links
edit
- MPEC 2001-A26 : 1950 DA = 2000 YK66 (K00Y66K). MPC 4 January 2001
- 3D model Rotating model of the asteroid (preferred rotation model is retrograde, NeoDys)
- Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Archived 16 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine)
- Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (25001)-(30000) – Minor Planet Center
- (29075) 1950 DA at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
- (29075) 1950 DA at the JPL Small-Body Database
