The United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC) was founded on 24 January 1946 by the very first resolution of the United Nations General Assembly "to deal with the problems raised by the discovery of atomic energy."[1]
The General Assembly asked the Commission to make specific proposals:
(a) for extending between all nations the exchange of basic scientific information for peaceful ends;
(b) for control of atomic energy to the extent necessary to ensure its use only for peaceful purposes;
(c) for the elimination from national armaments of atomic weapons and of all other major weapons adaptable to mass destruction;
(d) for effective safeguards by way of inspection and other means to protect complying States against the hazards of violations and evasions.[1]
On 14 December 1946, the General Assembly passed a follow-up resolution urging an expeditious completion of the report by the Commission as well as its consideration by the United Nations Security Council.[2] The Security Council received the report on 31 December 1946 and passed a resolution on 10 March 1947, "recognizing that any agreement expressed by the members of the Council to the separate portions of the report is preliminary" and requesting a second report to be made.[3] On 4 November 1948, the General Assembly passed a resolution stating that it had examined the first, second and third reports of the Commission and expressed its deep concern at the impasse which had been reached, as shown in its third report.[4]
On 14 June 1946, the United States representative to the Commission, Bernard Baruch, presented the Baruch Plan, wherein the United States (at the time the only state possessing atomic weapons) would destroy its atomic arsenal on the condition that the U.N. imposed controls on atomic development that would not be subject to United Nations Security Council veto. These controls would allow only the peaceful use of atomic energy. The plan was passed by the Commission, but not agreed to by the Soviet Union who abstained on the proposal in the Security Council. Debate on the plan continued into 1948, but by early 1947 it was clear that agreement was unlikely.[5]
The UN General Assembly officially disbanded UNAEC in 1952,[6] although the Commission had been inactive since July 1949.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b United Nations General Assembly Session 1 Resolution 1. Establishment of a Commission to Deal with the Problems Raised by the Discovery of Atomic Energy A/RES/1(I) 24 January 1946. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ United Nations General Assembly Session 1 Resolution 41. Principles governing the general regulation and reduction of Armaments A/RES/41(I) 14 December 1946. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- ^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 20. Atomic energy: international control S/RES/20(1947) 10 March 1947. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- ^ United Nations General Assembly Session 3 Resolution 191. Reports of the Atomic Energy Commission A/RES/191(III) 4 November 1948. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ McGeorge Bundy, Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years (New York, Vintage Books, 1988), pp. 176–184.
- ^ A/RES/502(VI) 11 January 1952 Regulation, limitation and balanced reduction of all armed forces and all armaments; international control of atomic energy
- ^ International Atomic Energy Agency, "IAEA Turns 40: Key Dates & Historical Developments," Supplement to the IAEA Bulletin, September 1997, "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
External links
edit- Hans Bethe talking about the formation of the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission on Peoples Archive.
- "General Findings and Recommendations Approved by the Atomic Energy Commission and Incorporated in its First Report to the Security Council, December 31, 1946" — from The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
- Negotiating International Control (December 1945–1946), The Manhattan Project Interactive History, U.S. Department of Energy