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1992 Buenos Aires Israeli embassy bombing

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The attack on the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires was a suicide bombing attack on the building of the Israeli embassy of Argentina, located in Buenos Aires, which was carried out on 17 March 1992. 29 civilians were killed in the attack and 242 additional civilians were injured.

Attack on the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires
Part of Spillover of the South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)

The attack site
LocationBuenos Aires, Argentina
Coordinates34°35′30″S 58°22′49″W / 34.59167°S 58.38028°W / -34.59167; -58.38028
Date17 March 1992
14:42 pm (UTC-3)
2:42 pm (GMT-3)
TargetIsraeli embassy
Attack type
Suicide bombing
Deaths29 victims
(4 Israeli civilians
and 25 Argentine civilians)
and the suicide bomber
Injured242 civilians
PerpetratorsIslamic Jihad Organization claimed responsibility[1]
Hezbollah operative Imad Mughniyah charged by Argentina
Hezbollah operative Amer Mohamed Akil Rada[2]

The attack

 
Former Israeli Embassy before the attack.

On 17 March 1992, at 2:42 pm (UTC−3), a pick-up truck driven by a suicide bomber and loaded with explosives smashed into the front of the Israeli Embassy located on the corner of Arroyo and Suipacha and detonated. The embassy, a Catholic church, and a nearby school building were destroyed. Four Israelis died, but most of the victims were Argentine civilians, many of them children.[3] The blast killed 29 and wounded 242.[1] It was Argentina's deadliest terror attack until the 1994 AMIA bombing and it remains the deadliest attack on an Israeli diplomatic mission.

Fatalities

Priest Juan Carlos Brumana was one of the people killed in the suicide bombing. He died in the Catholic Church Mater Admirabilis that is in front of the embassy.[4] Among the dead there were two Israeli women who were the wives of the embassy's consul and first secretary.[5]

Responsibility

A group called Islamic Jihad Organization, which has been linked to Iran and possibly Hezbollah,[6] claimed responsibility;[1] their stated motive for the attack was Israel's assassination of Hezbollah Secretary-General Sayed Abbas al-Musawi in February 1992.[5] Islamic Jihad also released surveillance footage they took of the embassy before the blast.[1]

After the bombing, Israel sent investigators to Argentina to search for clues. They learned that the bombers planned the attack in the Tri-Border area, where the borders of Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil meet and which has a large Muslim population.[7] Messages intercepted by the American National Security Agency revealed Iranian knowledge of the impending attack, as well as the complicity of Hezbollah operative Imad Mughniyah.[7] In fact, Mughniyah was formally charged by Argentina with participating in the bombings of the Israeli embassy.[8]

In May 1998, Moshen Rabbani (the Cultural Attaché in the Iranian Embassy in Argentina until December 1997) was detained in Germany, and the Argentine government expelled seven Iranian diplomats from the country, stating that it had "convincing proof" of Iranian involvement in the bombing. However, none of the suspects were prosecuted. The attack occurred when Iran and Argentina were hoping for a resumption of nuclear cooperation, although Argentina had announced the suspension of the shipments of nuclear materials to Iran a couple months before the bombing.[9] A number of sources[10][11] report on Hezbollah involvement with the assistance of Syria. Hezbollah denies these claims.[12]

In 1999, the Argentine government issued an arrest warrant for Imad Mughniyah in connection with this attack and the 1994 AMIA bombing in Buenos Aires, which killed 85. It is suspected that the two attacks are linked.[8]

In 2023, the United States sanctioned Hezbollah operative Amer Mohamed Akil Rada, who was active in Latin America for over a decade, for his reported role in this attack and the 1994 AMIA bombing.[2]

In April 2024, Argentina's second highest court ruled that the Iranian government was responsible for the bombing, and that it was carried out in retaliation for Argentina reneging on agreements to transfer nuclear material to Iran. The ruling also characterized Iran as a terrorist state.[13]

Aftermath

Kirchner on the case

When he was president, Néstor Kirchner pronounced that allowing these two incidents to happen, with no real inquiries to be followed, equalled a "national disgrace".[14] He reopened, and kept open files from these incidents, most to be read by Justice Juan Jose Galeano. In the same process Kirchner hoped to lift the ban for former Intelligence Officers (Argentine) to testify. A former president of Argentina (his widow, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner) also claimed that she wanted to get to the bottom of the case.[citation needed] Argentinian federal prosecutor, Alberto Nisman, was assigned to investigate the bombing, but one day before he was scheduled to report on his findings, he was found dead in his home on 18 January 2015.[15]

Commemoration

Today there is a memorial set up in place of where the building stood. In the memorial plaza stand twenty one trees and seven benches in memory of the victims. A plaque describing the event and listing the victims is located in the memorial in both Hebrew and Spanish.[citation needed]

  •  
    The memorial to the victims of the bombing
  •  
    The memorial to the victims of the bombing
  •  
    The memorial to the victims of the bombing

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "1992 Global Terrorism: The Year in Review". Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Treasury Designates Hizballah Operatives and Financial Facilitators in South America and Lebanon". U.S. Department of the Treasury. Office of Foreign Assets Control. September 12, 2023. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
  3. ^ Bergman, 171.
  4. ^ Calderon, Horacio. "Winds of War in the Levant and Middle East The Hariri and AMIA cases" (Working Papers 14). CAEI. Retrieved July 20, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  5. ^ a b Long, William R. (March 19, 1992). "Islamic Jihad Says It Bombed Embassy; Toll 21". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  6. ^ "Interviews - Robert Baer - Terror And Tehran - FRONTLINE - PBS". PBS. May 2, 2002. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  7. ^ a b Bergman, 172.
  8. ^ a b Norton, Augustus Richard, Hezbollah: A Short History, Princeton University Press, 2007, p.79
  9. ^ Argentina's Iranian nuke connection, Gareth Porter, 15 November 2006
  10. ^ Ranstorp, Magnus (1997). Hizb'allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis. New York: St. Martins Press. p. 107. ISBN 0-312-16288-X.
  11. ^ United States Department of State, April 2005 Archived July 25, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Lebanon.com Newswire - Local News March 20 2003". Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  13. ^ Politi, Daniel (April 12, 2024). "Argentine Court Says Iran Was Behind Israeli Embassy and Jewish Center Attacks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 13, 2024. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
  14. ^ "Terror, død og diplomati". Dagbladet. July 18, 1994. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  15. ^ Diaz, Shlomi (December 28, 2017). "In Argentina they have confirmed: Alberto Nisman's Death a Homicide" (in Hebrew). Israel Hayom. p. 19.

Sources

  • Bergman, Ronen. The Secret War with Iran: The 30-Year Clandestine Struggle Against the World's Most Dangerous Terrorist Power. Simon and Schuster, 2008. ISBN 1-4165-5839-X
 
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