1954 Australian federal election

1954 Australian federal election
← outgoing members elected members →
All 123 seats of the House of Representatives; 61 seats were needed for a majority
Registered	5,096,468 2.70%
Turnout	4,619,571 (96.09%); (0.09 pp)
	Results by division for the House of Representatives, shaded by winning party's margin of victory.
Prime Minister before election; Robert Menzies; Liberal/Country coalition	Subsequent Prime Minister ; Robert Menzies; Liberal/Country coalition

The 1954 Australian federal election were held in Australia on 29 May 1954. All 121 seats in the House of Representatives were up for election, but no Senate election took place. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies defeated the opposition Labor Party led by H. V. Evatt, despite losing the two-party preferred vote. Although the ALP won the two-party preferred vote, six Coalition seats were uncontested compared to one ALP seat. The Psephos blog makes clear that if all seats had been contested, the Coalition would have recorded a higher primary vote than the ALP and possibly also a higher two-party preferred vote.^[1]

This was the first federal election that future Prime Minister Gough Whitlam contested as a member of parliament, having entered parliament at the 1952 Werriwa by-election.

Though they did not win government, this election was the last time that the Labor party would achieve more than 50% of the primary vote. The only other time this happened was in 1914.

This was the first federal election to be held under the reign of Elizabeth II as Queen of Australia just two years after she succeeded her father.

Issues

The election was complicated by the Petrov Affair, in which Vladimir Petrov, an attache to the Soviet embassy in Canberra, defected amidst a storm of publicity, claiming that there were Soviet spy rings within Australia. Given that the 1951 election had been fought over the issue of banning the Communist Party of Australia altogether, it is unsurprising that such a claim would gain credibility.^{[citation needed]}

Results

Labor: 57 seats

Liberal: 47 seats

Country: 17 seats

House of Reps (IRV) — 1954–55—Turnout 96.09% (CV) — Informal 1.35%
Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
	Labor		2,266,979	50.07	+2.44	59^[c]	+5
	Liberal–Country coalition		2,153,970	47.57	–2.77	64	–5
		Liberal	1,765,799	39.00	–1.62	47	–5
		Country	388,171	8.57	–1.15	17	0
	Communist		56,675	1.25	+0.27	0	0
	Independents		50,027	1.11	+0.06	0	0
	Total		4,527,651			121
Two-party-preferred (estimated)
	Liberal–Country coalition		Win	49.30	−1.40	64	−5
	Labor			50.70	+1.40	59	+5

Notes

Seven members were elected unopposed – three Liberal, three Country, and one Labor.
See 1953 Australian Senate election for Senate composition.

Popular vote

Labor			50.07%
Liberal			39.00%
Country			8.52%
Communist			1.25%
Independent			1.10%

Two-party-preferred vote

Labor			50.70%
Coalition			49.30%

Parliament seats

Coalition			52.89%
Labor			47.11%

Seats changing hands

Seat	Pre-1954				Swing	Post-1954
Seat	Party		Member	Margin	Swing	Margin	Member	Party
Bass, Tas		Liberal	Bruce Kekwick	3.4	4.4	1.0	Lance Barnard	Labor
Flinders, Vic		Labor	Keith Ewert	5.1	4.3	1.6	Robert Lindsay	Liberal
Griffith, Qld		Liberal	Doug Berry	3.7	4.1	0.4	Wilfred Coutts	Labor
St George, NSW		Liberal	Bill Graham	1.6	4.3	2.7	Nelson Lemmon	Labor
Sturt, SA		Liberal	Keith Wilson	2.4	5.4	3.0	Norman Makin	Labor
Swan, WA		Liberal	Bill Grayden	3.3	4.9	1.6	Harry Webb	Labor

Aftermath

The third session of the 20th Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia was officially opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. This was the first time a reigning monarch had opened a session of parliament in Australia. The Queen wore her Coronation Dress to open the 20th session of parliament. The success of the 1954 Royal Tour of Australia (the first by a reigning sovereign), the recovery of the economy from a brief recession in 1951-52 and the Petrov Affair were all credited with assisting in the return of the government.

Notes

^ Turnout in contested seats
^ The Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory each had one seat, but members for the territories did not have full voting rights until 1966 and did not count toward government formation.
^ Including Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory

References

^ Carr, Adam. "Legislative election of 29 May 1954: House of Representatives". Psephos. Retrieved 10 December 2020.

University of WA Archived 18 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine election results in Australia since 1890
AEC 2PP vote
Prior to 1984 the AEC did not undertake a full distribution of preferences for statistical purposes. The stored ballot papers for the 1983 election were put through this process prior to their destruction. Therefore, the figures from 1983 onwards show the actual result based on full distribution of preferences.

[1] Turnout in contested seats

[2] The Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory each had one seat, but members for the territories did not have full voting rights until 1966 and did not count toward government formation.

[4] Including Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory

[3] Carr, Adam. "Legislative election of 29 May 1954: House of Representatives". Psephos. Retrieved 10 December 2020.

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[b]

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