National Standards of the People's Republic of China

The National Standards of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国国家标准),^[1]^[2] coded as GB, are the standards issued by the Standardization Administration of China under the authorization of Article 10 of the Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China.^[3]^[4]

According to Article 2 of the Standardization Law, national standards are divided into mandatory national standards and recommended national standards.^[3] Mandatory national standards are prefixed "GB". Recommended national standards are prefixed "GB/T". Guidance technical documents are prefixed with "GB/Z", but are not legally part of the national standard system.^[5]

Mandatory national standards are the basis for the product testing which products must undergo during the China Compulsory Certificate (CCC or 3C) certification. If there is no corresponding mandatory national standard, CCC is not required.

Nomenclature

A Chinese standard code has three parts: the prefix, the sequential number, and the year number. For example, GB 2312-1980 refers to the national compulsory standard (GB), sequential number 2312, revision year 1980.^[6]

Besides the national standard repository, China allows the registration of standards by industry/trade, by localities (DB, Dìfāng Biāozhǔn, "local standard"), by associations (T), or by an individual company (Q). The overall prefix number-year format is retained.^[6]

Copyright and availability

Under the first clause of Article 5 of the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, compulsory standards are not copyrightable as they fall under "other documents of a legislative, administrative or judicial nature". In 1999, the Supreme People's Court ruled that although compulsory standards do not enjoy copyright protections, publishing houses can be given exclusive, sui generis rights to publish a compulsory standard.^[7]

The Standardization Administration operates a website for obtaining digital copies of the standards (excluding those dealing with food safety, environment protection, and civil engineering). The availability is broken down as follows (as of October 2023):^[5]

Out of 2029 included GB standards, 1464 may be read online or downloaded as a PDF file. The remaining 565 Cǎibiāo (采标, adopted international standards) may only be read online.
Out of 41664 included GB/T standards, 27154 may be read online. The remaining 4513 Cǎibiāo are only indexed by title.
Out of 573 included GB/Z documents, 261 may be read online. The remaining 312 Cǎibiāo are only indexed by title.

Copies of standards (written in simplified Chinese) may be obtained from the SPC web store.^[8]

List

A non-exhaustive list of National Standards of the People's Republic of China is listed as follows, accompanied with similar international standards of ISO, marked as identical (IDT), equivalent (EQV), or non-equivalent (NEQ).

Mandatory standards
Number	Equivalent to	Title
GB 2099.1‐2008		AC power mains plugs and sockets
GB 1002‐2008		Safety Technical Code for Infants and Children Textile Products
GB 2312-1980		Code of Chinese graphic character set for information interchange, primary set; see also GBK, a common extension of GB 2312
GB 3100-1993	EQV ISO 1000:1992	SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units
GB 3101-1993	EQV ISO 31-0:1992	General principles concerning quantities, units and symbols
GB 3259-1992		Transliterating rules of Chinese phonetic alphabet on titles for books and periodicals in Chinese
GB 3304-1991		Names of nationalities of China in romanization with codes
GB 5768-2009		Road traffic signs and markings
GB 6513-1986		Character set for bibliographic information interchange on mathematical coding of characters
GB 7714-1987		Descriptive rules for bibliographic references
GB 8045-1987		Mongolian 7-bit and 8-bit coded graphic character sets for information processing interchange
GB 12050-1989		Information processing – Uighur coded graphic character sets for information interchange
GB 12052-1989		Korean character coded character sets for information interchange
GB 12200.1-1990		Chinese information processing – Vocabulary – Part 1: Fundamental terms
GB 13000-2010	IDT ISO/IEC 10646:2003	Information technology – Universal multiple-octet coded character set (UCS)
GB 14887-2003		Road traffic signals
GB 18030-2005		Information technology – Chinese ideograms coded character set for information interchange – Extension for the basic set
GB 31701-2015		Safety Technical Code for Infants and Children Textile Products^[9]
GB 500011-2001^[10]		Civil engineering – Code for seismic design of buildings
GB 50223-2008^[11]		Civil engineering – Standard for classification of seismic protection of building constructions
Recommended standards
Number	Equivalent to	Title
GB/T 148-1997	NEQ ISO 216:1975	Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter – Trimmed sizes-A and B series
GB/T 1988-1998	EQV ISO/IEC 646:1991	Information technology – 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
GB/T 2311-2000	IDT ISO/IEC 2022:1994	Information technology – Character code structure and extension techniques
GB/T 2260-2007		Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 2261-1980	None but similar to ISO 5218	Codes for sexual distinction of human beings
GB/T 2659-2000	EQV ISO 3166-1:1997	Codes for the representation of names of countries and regions
GB/T 4880-1991	EQV ISO 639:1988	Codes for the representation of names of languages
GB/T 4880.2-2000	EQV ISO 639-2:1998	Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 2: Alpha-3 code
GB/T 4881-1985		Code of Chinese languages
GB/T 5795-2002	EQV ISO 2108:1992	China standard book numbering
GB/T 7408-1994	EQV ISO 8601:1988	Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation of dates and times
GB/T 7589-1987		Code of Chinese ideogram set for information interchange – 2nd supplementary set
GB/T 7590-1987		Code of Chinese ideogram set for information interchange – 4th supplementary set
GB/T 12200.2-1994		Chinese information processing – Vocabulary – Part 2: Chinese and Chinese character
GB/T 12345-1990		Code of Chinese graphic character set for information interchange, supplementary set
GB/T 12406-1996	IDT ISO 4217:1990	Codes for the representation of currencies and funds
GB/T 13131-1991		Code of Chinese ideogram set for information interchange – The 3rd supplementary set
GB/T 13132-1991		Code of Chinese ideogram set for information interchange – The 5th supplementary set
GB/T 13134-1991		Yi coded character set for information interchange
GB/T 15273	IDT ISO/IEC 8859	Information processing – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets
GB/T 15834-2011		Use of punctuation marks
GB/T 15835-1995		General rules for writing numerals in publications
GB/T 16159-2012		Basic rules for Hanyu Pinyin Orthography
GB/T 16831-1997	IDT ISO 6709:1983	Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations
GB/T 17742-1999		China Seismic Intensity Scale, or liedu
GB/T 18487-2015	EQV IEC 61851	Conducting charging systems for electric vehicles: 18487.1 - General requirements 18487.2 - Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for off-board electric vehicle supply equipment 18487.3 - Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for on-board electric vehicle supply equipment
GB/T 19000-2000	IDT ISO 9000:2000	Quality management systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary
GB/T 20234-2015	EQV IEC 62196 & SAE J1772	Connecting devices for conductive charging of electric vehicles: 20234.1 - General requirements 20234.2 - AC charging interface (using Type 2 connector) 20234.3 - DC charging interface
GB/T 20542-2006		Tibetan Coded Character Set Extension A
GB/T 24001-1996	IDT ISO 14001:1996	Environmental management systems – Specification with guidance for use
GB/T 22238-2008		Tibetan Coded Character Set Extension B
GB/T 27930-2015	EQV ISO 15118 & SAE J1772, based on SAE J1939 for CAN bus	Communication protocol between off-board conductive charger and battery management system for electric vehicles
GB/T 28039-2011		The Chinese phonetic alphabet spelling rules for Chinese names
GB/T 32960-2016		Technical Specification of Remote Service and Management System for Electric Vehicles
GB/T 33661-2017		Calculation and promulgation of the Chinese calendar
GB/T 37752 serie-2019	EQV ISO 13577 serie	Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment Parts 1 to 4
GB/T 38146.1-2019		China automotive test cycle – Part 1: Light-duty vehicles

Changes are made frequently within the Chinese regulatory system as new standards are released and existing standards are updated.

References

^ "The National Standards of the People's Republic of China: Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water". Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Archived from the original on 2021-11-10. Retrieved 2022-01-09.
^ "中华人民共和国国家标准公告2011年第12号". National Energy Administration of China. Archived from the original on 2022-01-09. Retrieved 2022-01-09.
^ ^a ^b "中华人民共和国标准化法_中国人大网". www.npc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
^ "机构职责". www.sac.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2022-06-03. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
^ ^a ^b "国家标准全文公开". openstd.samr.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2022-09-01. Retrieved 2022-09-30. 食品安全、环境保护、工程建设方面的国家标准未纳入本系统，请咨询相关部委。
^ ^a ^b "一分钟了解国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、团体标准和企业标准_重庆市市场监督管理局". 九龙坡区市场监管局. Retrieved 21 October 2023. 由国家标准代号(GB)、顺序号和年代号构成 [... consists of GB prefix, sequential number, and year number]
^ 中国知识产权报 (November 23, 2018). "标准图书，版权保护的标准是什么？--". 知识产权--人民网 (ip.people.com.cn).
^ "SPC Web Store". SPC. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
^ "婴幼儿及儿童纺织产品安全技术规范" [Safety Technical Code for Infants and Children Textile Products] (in Chinese). 中国质量标准出版传媒有限公司 [China Quality Standard Publishing & Media Co., Ltd.] Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
^ XU, Zhengzhong; WANG, Yayong et al. (徐正忠、王亚勇等) (2001). 《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB 500011－2001） [Code for seismic design of buildings (GB 500011-2001)] (in Chinese). Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC (MOHURD, 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部). Archived from the original on 2019-01-07. Retrieved 2008-09-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) The article was partially revised in 2008.
^ WANG, Yayong; DAI, Guoying (王亚勇戴国莹); et al. (2008-07-30). 建筑工程抗震设防分类标准 [Standard for classification of seismic protection of building constructions] (in Chinese). General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine (AQSIQ) and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) of PRC. Archived from the original (MS Word) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2008-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

Standardization Administration (in Chinese and English), China: Government
"Impartiality Statement". China Quality Certification Centre. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
"CNCA Administration" (in Chinese). CNCA. 2006-09-03. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
GB Standards in the automotive area, MPR

[1] "The National Standards of the People's Republic of China: Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water". Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Archived from the original on 2021-11-10. Retrieved 2022-01-09.

[2] "中华人民共和国国家标准公告2011年第12号". National Energy Administration of China. Archived from the original on 2022-01-09. Retrieved 2022-01-09.

[:0-3] "中华人民共和国标准化法_中国人大网". www.npc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-09-30.

[4] "机构职责". www.sac.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2022-06-03. Retrieved 2022-09-30.

[SAMR-OPEN-5] "国家标准全文公开". openstd.samr.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2022-09-01. Retrieved 2022-09-30. 食品安全、环境保护、工程建设方面的国家标准未纳入本系统，请咨询相关部委。

[seq-6] "一分钟了解国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、团体标准和企业标准_重庆市市场监督管理局". 九龙坡区市场监管局. Retrieved 21 October 2023. 由国家标准代号(GB)、顺序号和年代号构成 [... consists of GB prefix, sequential number, and year number]

[7] 中国知识产权报 (November 23, 2018). "标准图书，版权保护的标准是什么？--". 知识产权--人民网 (ip.people.com.cn).

[8] "SPC Web Store". SPC. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.

[9] "婴幼儿及儿童纺织产品安全技术规范" [Safety Technical Code for Infants and Children Textile Products] (in Chinese). 中国质量标准出版传媒有限公司 [China Quality Standard Publishing & Media Co., Ltd.] Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.

[GB_500011-2001-10] XU, Zhengzhong; WANG, Yayong et al. (徐正忠、王亚勇等) (2001). 《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB 500011－2001） [Code for seismic design of buildings (GB 500011-2001)] (in Chinese). Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC (MOHURD, 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部). Archived from the original on 2019-01-07. Retrieved 2008-09-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) The article was partially revised in 2008.

[11] WANG, Yayong; DAI, Guoying (王亚勇戴国莹); et al. (2008-07-30). 建筑工程抗震设防分类标准 [Standard for classification of seismic protection of building constructions] (in Chinese). General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine (AQSIQ) and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) of PRC. Archived from the original (MS Word) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2008-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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