Böhm is a German surname literally meaning "Bohemian/Czech" in German. It may refer to:
- A German surname, meaning Bohemian. See also Bohm. Notable people with the surname include:
- Annett Böhm, (born 1980), German judoka
- Carl Crack (born Carl Böhm), German techno artist
- Corbinian Böhm, (born 1966), German artist
- Corrado Böhm (1923–2017), Italian computer scientist
- Daniel Böhm (born 1986), German biathlete
- Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli, Austrian general of World War I
- Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (1851–1914), Austrian economist
- Franz Böhm, (1895–1977), German politician and jurist
- Georg Böhm, German Baroque composer and organist
- Gottfried Böhm (1920–2021), German architect
- Hans Böhm (Drummer of Niklashausen), shepherd, drummer and preacher
- Joseph Böhm (1795–1876), Austrian violinist and teacher
- Joseph Edgar Böhm (1834–1890), sculptor
- Karl Böhm, (1894–1981), Austrian conductor
- Karl Leopold Böhm (1806–1859), Austrian cellist
- Karlheinz Böhm, (1928–2014), Austrian actor
- Katharina Böhm, (born 1964), Austrian actress and daughter of Karlheinz Böhm
- Siegfried Böhm (1928–1980), East German politician
- Theobald Böhm, (1794–1881), German inventor and musician
- Boehm system, his fingering system for flute
- Werner Böhm, (1941–2020), German musician and singer