Bățani (Hungarian: Nagybacon, Hungarian pronunciation: [nɒɟbɒtson]) is a commune in Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.
Bățani
Nagybacon | |
|---|---|
 Millecentennial monument | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location in Covasna County | |
  Bățani Location in Romania | |
| Coordinates: 46°5′22″N 25°41′29″E / 46.08944°N 25.69139°E | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Covasna |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2024) | Andras Simon[1] (UDMR) |
| Area | 215 km2 (83 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 535 m (1,755 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 640 m (2,100 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 518 m (1,699 ft) |
| Population (2021-12-01)[2] | 4,588 |
| • Density | 21/km2 (55/sq mi) |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Postal code | 527010 |
| Area code | (+40) 02 67 |
| Vehicle reg. | CV |
| Website | nagybacon |
The commune, with its center at Bățanii Mari, is composed of five villages: Aita Seacă (Szárazajta), Bățanii Mari (Nagybacon), Bățanii Mici (Kisbacon), Herculian (Magyarhermány), and Ozunca-Băi (Uzonkafürdő).
Geography
editThe commune is located in the northwestern part of Covasna County, 39 km (24 mi) from the county seat, Sfântu Gheorghe, on the border with Harghita County. It lies at the foot of the Baraolt Mountains, on the banks of the Baraolt, Ozunca, and Aita rivers.
Demographics
editDuring the 2002 census, Bățani had a population of 4,501, of which 3,962 of its inhabitants, or 88.02%, were ethnic Hungarians. According to the 2011 census, the commune had a population of 4,403, of which 83.08% were ethnic Hungarians, 12.24% Roma, and 1.41% Romanians; for 3.27% of the population, the ethnicity was unknown.[3] From a confessional point of view, most of the inhabitants were Reformed (75.15%), but there were also minorities of Pentecostals (11.83%), Roman Catholics (4.61%), and Orthodox (2.09%); for 3.5% of the population, the confessional affiliation was not known.[4] At the 2021 census, there were 4,588 inhabitants; of those, 78.64% were Hungarians, 13.86% Roma, and 1.22% Romanians.[5]
History
edit
The locality formed part of the Székely Land region of the historical Transylvania province. Until the end of World War I, it belonged to the Háromszék County of the Kingdom of Hungary. After the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919, it passed under Romanian administration, and after the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, it became part of the Kingdom of Romania. From 1925, Bățani belonged to plasa Baraolt, in Trei Scaune County, and from 1938, to Ținutul Argeș.
After the Second Vienna Award in 1940 the commune with all of Northern Transylvania came under Hungarian control for four years. During World War II, ethnic conflicts took place in this area. After the Royal coup d'état of August 1944, Romania switched sides to the Allies; soon after, Romanian Vânători de munte troops entered Covasna County, but were stopped by the defending Hungarian and German Armies. On 4 September 1944, around 40 retreating Romanian soldiers were captured in Szárazajta (Aita Seacă) by the locals, and were tortured and killed.[6] On 26 September 1944, members of the irregular paramilitary Maniu Guard led by Gavril Olteanu massacred thirteen Székelys in Aita Seacă village in a revenge attack.[6][7]
Following the administrative reforms implemented by the communist regime in 1950, the commune became part of the Stalin Region, and from 1952, part of the Magyar Autonomous Region, while in 1968 it became part of Covasna County.
Natives
edit- Elek Benedek (1859–1929), journalist and writer
References
edit- ^ "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
- ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Populația rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (in Romanian). INSSE. 31 May 2023.
- ^ a b Cosmin Pătrașcu Zamfirache (6 December 2016). "Cum s-au măcelărit secuii cu românii în urmă cu 72 de ani. Misterele carnagiului de la Aita Seacă și teroarea declanșată apoi". Adevărul (in Romanian). Retrieved 2 September 2022.
- ^ The Aita Seacă (Szárazajta) massacre (in Hungarian)
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