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The Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (lit. '"New Patriotic Alliance"') or Bayan (lit. '"Nation"') is an alliance of left-wing Philippine organizations. It was founded on International Workers' Day, May 1, 1985 as part of the opposition during the Marcos dictatorship.[2]
Bagong Alyansang Makabayan | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| President | Renato Reyes |
| Chairman | Teddy Casiño |
| Secretary-General | Raymond Palatino |
| Founder | Lorenzo M. Tañada Lean Alejandro |
| Founded | May 1, 1985 |
| Headquarters | Quezon City |
| Ideology | National democracy Left-wing nationalism Left-wing populism Anti-Americanism Indigenism Anti-imperialism[1] |
| Political position | Left-wing to far-left |
| International affiliation | International League of Peoples' Struggle |
| Colors | Red |
| Seats in the Senate | 0 / 24
|
| Seats in the House of Representatives | 3 / 316
|
| Provincial governorships | 0 / 80
|
| Provincial vice governorships | 0 / 80
|
| Provincial board members | 0 / 1,023
|
| Website | |
| www.bayan.ph | |
Politics
editIdeology
editThe principle of Bayan is National Democracy. It believes that:[3][4]
- The Philippines is rich in natural resources but, the Filipino people are deprived of those resources;
- The history of the Philippines is the history of class struggle;
- Imperialism, Feudalism and Bureaucratic Capitalism are the roots of poverty; and
- A National-Democratic Revolution is the solution to ending the roots of poverty
However, unlike underground revolutionary organizations such as the Communist Party of the Philippines; its armed wing, the New People's Army and its united front, the National Democratic Front, members of Bayan do not take up arms. They participate in the urban mass movement through mass mobilizations.
Political structure
editBayan operates as an alliance of different sectoral organizations.[5] It follows a democratic and central structure. Its own documentation[6] suggests that it is a centralized organization, including:[citation needed]
- chapters as the smallest units
- the general assembly as the highest policymaking body
- the national council, which meets twice a year or more often if needed
- the national executive committee to implement the policies of the general assembly and national council
- five specialized commissions
- the general secretariat that runs day-to-day operations
- a national office in Quezon City in Metro Manila.
As an umbrella group of the National-Democratic Movement in the Philippines, BAYAN is associated with several organizations.
History
editBayan was founded by Leandro Alejandro and former senator Lorenzo Tañada on May 1, 1985, during the Marcos dictatorship.[3] It brought together more than a thousand grassroots and progressive organizations, representing over a million people, and was largely national democratic.[7]
It was a participant in the People Power Revolution against the Marcos dictatorship, contributing to one of the first non-violent, popular revolutions of the 1980s as well as being involved in the creation of now-defunct Partido ng Bayan (People's Party) that participated during the 1987 elections. However, since 1998, Bayan Muna, the political party of the organization, has been the leading party-list member in the House of Representatives of the Philippines.[8]
On August 7, 2002, the secretary-general of Bayan, Teodoro A. Casiño, claimed that under the Gloria Macapagal Arroyo presidency, soldiers murdered at least 13 Bayan and Bayan Muna members.[9][10][11]
In a resolution passed during the Bayan 7th Congress in August 2004, the coalition would expand to include overseas Filipino organizations as official members of Bayan. In January 2005, the first Bayan USA assembly was held in San Francisco. As the first overseas Bayan chapter, Bayan USA directly coordinated the implementation of Bayan campaigns with Bayan member organizations in the United States. These organizations include the NY Committee for Human Rights in the Philippines, the League of Filipino Students in San Francisco State University, Anakbayan (New York/New Jersey, Los Angeles, San Diego, Honolulu, East Bay, Portland, and Seattle), the Critical Filipino/Filipina Studies Collective, Habi Ng Kalinangan, babaeSF (San Francisco), Pinay Sa Seattle, and Filipinas for Rights and Empowerment (FiRE).[citation needed]
After the 2007 elections, and the death of Anakpawis representative Crispin Beltran, Bayan now has five combined representatives in the 14th Congress of the Philippines, Satur Ocampo and Teodoro Casiño of Bayan Muna, Rafael V. Mariano of Anakpawis, and Liza Maza and Luzviminda Ilagan of GABRIELA.[12][failed verification]
In the 2010 elections, Bayan had 7 congressmen in the lower house, including Raymond Palatino, Neri Colmenares, and Luzviminda Iligan.[citation needed]
During the 2013 Philippine Elections, all party lists except for Aking Bikolnon ran for sectoral representatives. Kalikasan and Courage were disqualified, while Kabataan and Piston faced charges of disqualification that were subsequently lifted. Bayan Muna and GABRIELA won two seats each; with Neri Colmenares and Carlos Zarate for Bayan Muna and Luzviminda Ilagan and Emmi de Jesus for Gabriela. Meanwhile, ACT, Anakpawis and Kabataan won 1 seat each; with Antonio Tinio, Fernando "Ka Pando" Hicap and Terry Ridon as their respective representatives. [citation needed]
Makabayan and Bayan also fielded former Bayan Muna representative Teodoro "Teddy" Casiño, who has served for 9 years as one of the congressmen of the said partylist. He placed 22nd out of 35, garnering about 3.5 million votes.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Salamat, Marya (November 15, 2017). "Amid ASEAN 2017, progressives hold int'l confab against neoliberalism, militarism". Bulatlat. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
- ^ "Bayan.ph". Archived from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
- ^ a b Teehankee, Julio. "Electoral Politics in the Philippines" (PDF). quezon.ph. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
- ^ Dreisbach, Jeconiah Louis. "Performing politics: dissent of the mass movement against neoliberal policies in the Philippines." Idealogy Journal 4.1 (2019): 1-7.
- ^ Mercaida, Enrique G. “The Role of People’s Organizations In Philippine Political Development.” Philippine Journal of Public Administration, vol. XXX, no. 2, Apr. 1986
- ^ "BAYAN home page". Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
- ^ Weekley, Kathleen (1996). "From Vanguard to Rearguard: The Theoretical Roots of the Crisis in the Communist Party of the Philippines". In Abinales, Patricio (ed.). The revolution falters: the left in Philippine politics after 1986. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Southeast Asia Program. p. 47. ISBN 0-87727-132-1. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
- ^ Bayan History Archived September 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Codewan.com Archived July 13, 2003, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Manila Standard". Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- ^ "inq7.net". Retrieved December 26, 2014.
- ^ "inq7.net". Retrieved December 26, 2014.