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B (New York City Subway service)

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The B Sixth Avenue Express[3] is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored orange, since it uses the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan.[4]

"B" train symbol
Sixth Avenue Express
A B train of R68s switches onto the BMT Brighton Line's express track
Map of the "B" train
Northern endBedford Park Boulevard or 145th Street (limited middays and all evenings)
Southern endBrighton Beach
Stations37
27 (limited midday and all evening service)
Rolling stockR68
R68A[1][2]
(Rolling stock assignments subject to change)
DepotConey Island Yard
Started serviceDecember 15, 1940; 83 years ago (1940-12-15)
Route map

Legend
"D" train to Norwood via Concourse
 Down arrow  B 
(weekdays)
 Bedford Park Boulevard
Kingsbridge Road
Fordham Road
182nd–183rd Streets
Tremont Avenue
174th–175th Streets
170th Street
167th Street
161st Street–Yankee Stadium
The Bronx
Manhattan
 155th Street
"A" train​"C" train
to 168th Street or 207th Street
via 8th Avenue
 Down arrow  B 
(evenings)
 145th Street
135th Street
125th Street
116th Street
Cathedral Parkway–110th Street
103rd Street
96th Street
86th Street
81st Street–Museum of Natural History
72nd Street
59th Street–Columbus Circle
"A" train​"C" train​"E" train Downtown & Brooklyn via 8th Avenue
Seventh Avenue
"E" train​"M" train East Side & Queens via 53rd Street
"F" train"F" express train Uptown & Queens via 63rd Street
 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center
42nd Street–Bryant Park
34th Street–Herald Square Port Authority Trans-Hudson
bypassed local section
14th Street Port Authority Trans-Hudson
West Fourth Street–Washington Square
Broadway–Lafayette Street
"F" train"F" express train​"M" train Downtown & Brooklyn via 6th Avenue
 Grand Street
"N" train​"Q" train Uptown & Queens via Broadway
Manhattan
Brooklyn
"R" train Manhattan & Queens via 4th Avenue
Myrtle Avenue (closed)
 DeKalb Avenue
"D" train​​"N" train​​"R" train
to Bay Ridge & Coney Island
via 4th Avenue
 Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center
Seventh Avenue
Franklin Avenue Shuttle via Franklin Avenue Shuttle
 Prospect Park
(Up arrow  S )
bypassed local section
Church Avenue
bypassed local section
Cortelyou Road
Newkirk Plaza
bypassed local section
Avenue J
Avenue M
Kings Highway
bypassed local section
Neck Road
Sheepshead Bay
Brighton Beach
Up arrow  B 
"Q" train Coney Island via Brighton
Legend
 Lines used by the "B" train
Other services sharing tracks with the "B" train
Unused lines, connections, or service patterns
 B 
 Termini of services
Cross-platform interchange
Platforms on different levels
This diagram:

The B operates only on weekdays between Brighton Beach in Brooklyn and Bedford Park Boulevard in the Bronx, making express stops in Brooklyn along the BMT Brighton Line and in Manhattan along Sixth Avenue, and making local stops along Central Park West in Manhattan and Grand Concourse in the Bronx. During middays, alternating trains short turn at 145th Street in Harlem, Manhattan. During evenings, all trains originate and terminate at 145th Street.

Prior to November 1967 (1967-11), the B ran almost exclusively in Manhattan, as the BB, from 168th Street in Washington Heights during rush hours to 34th Street–Herald Square in Midtown Manhattan. Upon the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection, the B started running via the BMT West End Line (local) and BMT Fourth Avenue Line (express) in Brooklyn. A short-lived B service marked with a yellow bullet ran via the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan and the BMT West End Line in Brooklyn from 1986 to 1988 due to Manhattan Bridge renovation, while orange B service traveled the pre-1967 route between 168th and 34th Streets. After 1989, the B north of 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center used the IND Eighth Avenue Line to 168th Street on weekdays, and the IND 63rd Street Line on evenings and weekends. Late night service ran as a shuttle on the West End Line. Weekday service was rerouted to the Concourse Line in 1998, while off-peak service along 63rd Street ceased in 2000. The B started using the Brighton Line in 2004 after work on the north side of the Manhattan Bridge was completed.

History

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Original R1 to R38 end rollsigns

The designation B was originally intended for express trains originating from the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan and operating in Midtown Manhattan on the IND Sixth Avenue Line. However, the original B service, beginning with the opening of the Sixth Avenue Line on December 15, 1940, ran as a rush-hour only local service between 168th Street–Washington Heights and 34th Street–Herald Square. This service was designated BB, conforming with the Independent Subway System (IND) convention using double letters to indicate local services.[5]

 
A poster notifying the opening of the Sixth Avenue Subway at 12:01 a.m. on December 15, 1940

Chrystie Street Connection

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1967–1979 bullet

The Chrystie Street Connection and the express tracks of the Sixth Avenue Line opened on November 26, 1967, radically changing service. BB trains were combined with the former T service, which ran on the BMT West End Line in Brooklyn and the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan. This created a through service from 168th Street to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue via the Sixth Avenue Line express tracks and the Manhattan Bridge.[6] During middays and Saturdays, service to and from Brooklyn terminated at West 4th Street. During late night hours and Sundays when B service did not operate, TT shuttles continued to operate on the West End Line.[7] On July 1, 1968, the B was rerouted to terminate at the new 57th Street–Sixth Avenue station in Midtown Manhattan during middays and evenings, extending to 168th Street only during rush hours. The West End Line shuttles were also made part of the B route.[8]

On June 1, 1976, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) announced changes in subway service that were expected to save $12.6 million annually and were the third phase of the agency's plan to realign subway service to better reflect ridership patterns and reduced ridership. As part of the changes, which took effect on August 30, 1976, B service began running between 57th Street and Coney Island during all times, replacing K service, and alternate B trains commenced operating between 168th Street and Coney Island during rush hours.[9][10] On December 14, 1976, the NYCTA announced severe cuts in bus and subway service in order to cut its budget by $30 million over the following 18 months in order to achieve a balanced budget, at the request of the Emergency Financial Control Board.[11] As part of the cuts, late night B service was cut back to running as a shuttle between 36th Street and Coney Island via the West End Line. This change took effect on August 27, 1977. Initially, the 57th Street station was to be closed during late nights.[12] However, a B shuttle also operated during late nights, running between 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center and 57th Street.[13][14][15]

The NYCTA approved four changes in subway service on April 27, 1981, including an increase in B service. The changes were made as part of the $1 million, two-year Rapid Transit Sufficiency Study, and were expected to take place as early as 1982, following public hearings and approval by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) board. As part of the changes, midday B service was going to be increased, replacing AA service. B service on the West End Line and Fourth Avenue Line express was to be supplemented by a new rush hour T train, running between Bay Parkway and Chambers Street on the Nassau Street Line.[16]

On June 1, 1983, the NYCTA proposed changes to increase service along Sixth Avenue and better connecting the line to the Bronx and Queens. As part of the changes, B train service would run to 168th Street at all times, with service to 57th Street during non-rush hours replaced by a new H train running between 57th Street and World Trade Center. With the extension of B service to 168th Street, AA service would be eliminated. The changes would have gone into effect in spring or summer 1984, pending approval by the MTA board.[17]

 
 
1986–1988 bullets for BMT Broadway Line service; the diamond was for rush-hour service (peak-direction express) to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard.

Manhattan Bridge reconstruction (1986 to 2004)

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1980s

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The reconstruction of the Manhattan Bridge between 1986 and 2004 affected B service as the bridge's north side tracks, which led to the Sixth Avenue Line, were closed multiple times. These closures severed the connection between the northern and southern portions of the route. B service was split into two different services starting on April 26, 1986, with an expected completion date of October 26, 1986.[18] The closure of the bridge's north side tracks caused the return of pre-November 1967 service patterns, before the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection: The orange B duplicated the former BB service, and the yellow B imitated the old T service.[19] The northern B service ran via Sixth Avenue, using an orange bullet, between 34th Street-Herald Square and 168th Street during rush hours only. The southern B service ran via the bridge and BMT Broadway Line, using a yellow bullet. It ran from Coney Island-Stillwell Avenue and terminated at Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard rush hours; Queensboro Plaza middays, evenings, and weekends; and 36th Street late nights as a shuttle. Service to 57th Street and Grand Street was replaced by an S shuttle running between these two points via the Sixth Avenue local.[18] On May 24, 1987, evening and weekend Broadway Line B service was cut back from Queensboro Plaza to 57th Street–Seventh Avenue.[20]

Through B service on the Sixth Avenue Line resumed December 11, 1988, when the Manhattan Bridge's north side tracks reopened. Due to increased demand for Sixth Avenue service along Central Park West, B trains were extended local to 168th Street on middays and evenings, partially replacing the discontinued K service.[21] During late nights, the B continued to operate as the West End Shuttle from 36th Street to Coney Island. B service operated to 57th Street during weekends and N service was increased to replace B service to Ditmars Boulevard.[22][23] In May 1989, Sunday afternoon service was increased to run every 10 minutes instead of every 12 minutes.[24]

With the opening of the IND 63rd Street Line on October 29, 1989, B service was extended from 57th Street to 21st Street–Queensbridge on weekends.[25][26][27] In addition, the span of through service on weekends between Brooklyn and Manhattan was increased from 17 to 19 hours. The last Brooklyn-bound through train was the train leaving 57th Street at 1:12 a.m. as opposed to the one leaving at 12:11 a.m., and the first Manhattan-bound through trains were leaving Coney Island at 5:01 a.m. Saturdays and 5:21 a.m. Sundays, compared to 5:42 a.m. Saturday and 6:21 a.m. Sunday trains. Weekday service was also slightly modified, with Stillwell Avenue-bound trains running local along Fourth Avenue in Brooklyn until 8 a.m. instead of 7 a.m.[24] From April 28, 1986, to May 23, 1987, one PM rush hour train originated from Forest Hills – 71st Avenue instead of Ditmars Boulevard.[28]

1990s

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On September 30, 1990, evening service was rerouted to 21st Street–Queensbridge to replace Q service with A service running local between 145th and 168th Streets in its place. B trains stopped operating between 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center and 168th Street between 8:15 p.m. and 6:45 a.m., saving the NYCTA $1.35 million annually.[29] Also on this date, because N service resumed running via the Manhattan Bridge, B trains began skipping DeKalb Avenue.[30][31]

In January 1991, a reduction of service along the Central Park West corridor to remove excess capacity was proposed. B service would be rerouted to 21st Street–Queensbridge daily except late nights. Local service via Central Park West would be replaced by A trains; the service change was later amended for Central Park West Local service to be served by C trains instead. Late night service would remain unchanged as a West End Shuttle between 36th Street and Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue. This service change would have been implemented in October 1991, pending approval from the MTA board.[32]

The north side of the Manhattan Bridge closed on middays and weekends from April 30, 1995, until November 12, 1995,[33] during which B trains ran only between Pacific Street and Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue, running local on the BMT West End Line and express on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line.[34]

From February 22, 1998, to May 22, 1999, B service was cut to 57th Street on evenings and weekends due to track and tunnel reconstruction of the IND 63rd Street Line. Service on that line was replaced by a shuttle to the BMT Broadway Line which ran every 20 minutes.[35][36] The 57th Street station was closed from 12:30 to 6 a.m. daily during the project.[37] The project had initially been slated to be completed in fall 1999,[38] but normal service resumed in May 1999, ahead of schedule.[36]

 
1979–1988, 1998–2005 rush-hour service bullet

The B and the C switched northern terminals on March 1, 1998, ending the connection between the B and Washington Heights. The B was routed onto the IND Concourse Line to Bedford Park Boulevard during rush hours. Midday service terminated at 145th Street.[39][40] The change was made to reduce crowding on the C and to reduce passenger confusion about the C's route.[41]

2000s

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On November 5, 2000, B service was taken off of the IND 63rd Street Line for signal and track work. It ran along the Eighth Avenue Line to 145th Street (terminating at Bedford Park Boulevard during rush hours) at all times except late nights.[42][43][44] A separate B Queensbridge Shuttle continued to operate via 63rd Street during the hours the Q was not running; service operated between 21st Street and 34th Street–Herald Square via the Broadway Line.[44] This shuttle service operated until January 2001, when the 63rd Street Connector east of 21st Street opened for night and weekend service diversions.[45]

On July 22, 2001, the Manhattan Bridge's north side tracks closed and B service over the Manhattan Bridge was split into two services, similar to the 1986 changes. This time, the southern half of the route that ran via the Broadway Line was named the W. B service ran on weekdays only, from 34th Street to Bedford Park Boulevard during rush hours and from 34th Street to 145th Street during middays and evenings.[46][47][48]

2004 to present

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The Manhattan Bridge was fully reopened to subway service on February 22, 2004. B and D trains were once again extended through Grand Street station and over the bridge's north tracks into Brooklyn. However, rather than returning to the West End Line which it had served in some form since 1967, the B now ran express on the BMT Brighton Line to Brighton Beach (replacing the <Q>) in order to combine two weekday-only services, while the D replaced the B on the West End Line, running express on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn. B service now operated between Brighton Beach and Bedford Park Boulevard during rush hours and Brighton Beach and 145th Street on weekday middays and evenings.[49][50][51][52]

From September 14, 2009, to October 3, 2011, B trains ran local in Brooklyn due to station renovations on the Brighton Line.[53][54][55]

In July 2019, the MTA introduced a proposal to end late evening service.[56] Instead, B service would end around 9:30 PM, which it previously did prior to July 2008.[57] In their proposal, the MTA noted that service often ended early on weeknights to accommodate planned work.[56]

From March 2020 to June 8, 2020, the B was temporarily suspended due to lack of ridership and train crew availability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[58][59][60][61] From December 30, 2021,[62][63] to January 19, 2022, B service was again suspended due to a shortage of crew members exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.[64]

On July 1, 2024, midday service was increased to run every eight minutes instead of every ten minutes and alternate B trains were extended to Bedford Park Boulevard.[3] From August 5, 2024, until early 2025, B trains operate local between Prospect Park and Kings Highway in both directions for accessibility upgrades at the Church Avenue station.[65]

Route

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Service pattern

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The following table shows the lines used by the B, with shaded boxes indicating the route at the specified times:[66]

Line From To Tracks Times
week­days evenings
IND Concourse Line Bedford Park Boulevard 155th Street local    
145th Street all  
IND Eighth Avenue Line 135th Street 59th Street–Columbus Circle local
IND Sixth Avenue Line Seventh Avenue/53rd Street Broadway–Lafayette Street express
Chrystie Street Connection Grand Street all
Manhattan Bridge north
BMT Brighton Line DeKalb Avenue Brighton Beach express

Stations

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For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above.[3]

Station service legend
  Stops all times
  Stops all times except late nights
  Stops weekdays during the day
  Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction
  Station closed
  Stops weekdays in the peak direction only
Time period details
  Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
  ↑ Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
in the indicated direction only
  ↓
  Elevator access to mezzanine only
  Stations   Subway transfers Connections and notes
The Bronx
Concourse Line
  Bedford Park Boulevard   D  
  Kingsbridge Road   D   Some northbound a.m. rush hour trips terminate at this station
  Fordham Road D   Bx12 Select Bus Service
  182nd–183rd Streets D   Skipped by trains terminating at Kingsbridge Road
  Tremont Avenue   D  
  174th–175th Streets D  
  170th Street D  
  167th Street D  
  161st Street–Yankee Stadium   D  
4   (IRT Jerome Avenue Line) 		Bx6 Select Bus Service
Manhattan
  155th Street D  
  145th Street D  
A   ​C   (IND Eighth Avenue Line) 		Northern terminal for some midday and all evening trains
Eighth Avenue Line
  135th Street C  
  125th Street   A   ​​C   ​D   M60 Select Bus Service to LaGuardia Airport
  116th Street C  
  Cathedral Parkway–110th Street C  
  103rd Street C  
  96th Street C  
  86th Street C   M86 Select Bus Service
  81st Street–Museum of Natural History C   M79 Select Bus Service
  72nd Street C  
  59th Street–Columbus Circle   A   ​​C   ​D  
1   (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
Sixth Avenue Line
  Seventh Avenue/53rd Street D  
E   (IND Queens Boulevard Line)
  47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center   ​D   ​F   <F>   ​M  
  42nd Street–Bryant Park   ​D   ​F   <F>   ​M  
7   <7>  ​ (IRT Flushing Line at Fifth Avenue)
1   ​2   ​3   (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at Times Square–42nd Street, daytime only)
N   ​Q   ​R   ​W   (BMT Broadway Line at Times Square–42nd Street, daytime only)
S   (42nd Street Shuttle at Times Square, daytime only)
A   ​C   ​E   (IND Eighth Avenue Line at 42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal, daytime only)
  34th Street–Herald Square   ​D   ​F   <F>   ​M  
N   ​Q   ​R   ​W   (BMT Broadway Line) 		M34 / M34A Select Bus Service
PATH at 33rd Street
Amtrak, LIRR, NJ Transit at Pennsylvania Station
  West Fourth Street–Washington Square   ​D   ​F   <F>   ​M  
A   ​C   ​E   (IND Eighth Avenue Line) 		PATH at Ninth Street
  Broadway–Lafayette Street   ​D   ​F   <F>   ​M  
6   <6>  ​ (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at Bleecker Street)
Chrystie Street Branch
  Grand Street D  
Brooklyn
Brighton Line
  DeKalb Avenue   ​N   ​Q   ​R   ​W  
  Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center   Q  
D   ​N   ​R   ​W   (BMT Fourth Avenue Line)
2   ​3   ​4   ​5   (IRT Eastern Parkway Line) 		LIRR Atlantic Branch at Atlantic Terminal
  Seventh Avenue Q  
  Prospect Park   Q  
S   (BMT Franklin Avenue Line)
  Parkside Avenue Q   Temporarily stopping here until 2025
  Church Avenue Q   Brighton Beach-bound trains do not stop here because of an accessibility project until fall 2024.
  Beverley Road Q   Temporarily stopping here until 2025
  Cortelyou Road Q   Temporarily stopping here until 2025
  Newkirk Plaza Q  
  Avenue H   Q   Temporarily stopping here until 2025
  Avenue J Q   Temporarily stopping here until 2025
  Avenue M Q   Temporarily stopping here until 2025
  Kings Highway   Q   B82 Select Bus Service
  Sheepshead Bay Q  
  Brighton Beach Q  

References

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  1. ^ 'Subdivision 'B' Car Assignment Effective December 19, 2021'. New York City Transit, Operations Planning. December 17, 2021.
  2. ^ "Subdivision 'B' Car Assignments: Cars Required November 1, 2021" (PDF). The Bulletin. 64 (12). Electric Railroaders' Association: 3. December 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
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  33. ^ Belluck, Pam (November 13, 1995). "For Riders, A Bright Spot Amid Tumult". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
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  45. ^ Musluoglu, Subutay (February 2001). "63rd Street Connector". New York Division Bulletin. Electric Railroaders' Association.
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  50. ^ "B D M N Q R W Weekday Service Manhattan Bridge Map" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. February 2004. Archived from the original on February 5, 2004. Retrieved September 18, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  51. ^ "MTA NYC Transit Manhattan Bridge Information". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. February 5, 2004. Archived from the original on February 5, 2004. Retrieved September 18, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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  54. ^ "B Express Service Returns to the Brighton Line". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 30, 2011. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  55. ^ "Brighton Line Station Rehabilitation" (PDF). The Bulletin. 52 (10). Electric Railroaders' Association: 18. October 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  56. ^ a b "July 2019 NYC Transit/MTA Bus Committee Meeting" (PDF). mta.info. July 22, 2019. p. 207. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  57. ^ "MTA | Press Release | NYC Transit | Service Adjustments on BMW Lines". www.mta.info. July 24, 2008. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  58. ^ Guse, Clayton (March 24, 2020). "Coronavirus forces MTA to implement big cuts to NYC's mass transit". nydailynews.com. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
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  64. ^ "4 Major Subway Lines to Resume Regular Service as Omicron Staffing Havoc Ebbs". NBC New York. January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  65. ^ "Major construction at Church Avenue B & Q subway station kicks off August 5". Brooklyn Eagle. July 3, 2024. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
  66. ^ "Subway Service Guide" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
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