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Baltimore City Public Schools

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Baltimore City Public Schools (BCPS), also referred to as Baltimore City Public School System (BCPSS) or City Schools, is a public school district in the city of Baltimore, state of Maryland, United States. It serves the youth of Baltimore City[5] (in distinction to the separate and "younger" public school system (district) for the surrounding separate county of Baltimore, known as the Baltimore County Public Schools [BCoPS]). Traditionally, however, the Baltimore City Public Schools system has not referred to itself as a "district," as the operation of the schools was synonymous with the city of Baltimore. Its headquarters are located on 200 East North Avenue at North Calvert Street in the Dr. Alice G. Pinderhughes Administration Building.[1]

Baltimore City Public Schools
Location
200 East North Avenue, at North Calvert Street; "Dr. Alice G. Pinderhughes School Administration Headquarters";
Baltimore, Maryland 21218,[1] re-built/renovated/enlarged 1980's, former building of the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, (1912–1967), also former site of the Maryland School for the Blind (1868–1912)
Coordinates39°18′43″N 76°36′46″W / 39.31186°N 76.61281°W / 39.31186; -76.61281
District information
TypePublic
GradesPre-kindergarten–12th grade (high school)
Established1829 (1829) by Baltimore City Council (authorized by General Assembly of Maryland, in an Act of 1827)
SuperintendentSonja Santelises
Schools154[2] (2022)
Budget$1.7 billion[3] (2021)
NCES District ID2400090[4]
Students and staff
Students77,807[2](2021-22)
Staff8,593(2021-22)
ColorsBlack and gold (city/state/Calvert family colors)
Other information
School boardBaltimore City Board of School Commissioners (previously (1829) as Board of Commissioners, Public Schools of Baltimore City)
Teacher unionBaltimore Teachers Union (chapter of the American Federation of Teachers [AFT]; (previously the Public School Teachers Association of Baltimore City [PTSA], founded 1849, chapter of the National Education Association [NEA])
Websitewww.baltimorecityschools.org, also information on www.baltimorecity.gov
Dr. Alice G. Pinderhughes Administrative Headquarters, Baltimore City Public Schools, 200 East North Avenue at North Calvert Street - formerly the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (high school), 1912–1967, previously original site of the Maryland School for the Blind, 1868–1912, renovated/rebuilt 1980s

The local school district that is situated within a county-equivalent level area of an independent city. In 2012, it is currently the fourth largest school system in Maryland.[6] In the 2014–15 school year, the student enrollment is approximately 84,000 students. It also maintains 1 pre-k/kindergarten school, 54 elementary schools, 75 K-8 schools, 7 middle schools, 15 secondary schools, 28 high schools, 1 K-12 school, and 7 alternative programs.[3]

History

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City Schools was part of the Baltimore City Government since 1829, but became separate from the government in 1997 when partial control by the Superintendent of Public Instruction and the Board of School Commissioners was ceded to the State of Maryland in exchange for increased funding and an expanded partnership. Now, the Mayor solely appoints the revamped Board of School Commissioners (School Board) that oversees the BCPS system, and which in turn interviews and hires the C.E.O. (Chief Executive Officer) and C.A.O. (Chief Academic Officer).[7] The school system is currently run by CEO Sonja Santelises.[8]

African-American schools

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Main article: Baltimore Association for the Moral and Educational Improvement of the Colored People

The "Baltimore Association for the Moral and Intellectual Improvement of the Colored People" was an organization that aimed to improve the education of African Americans in Baltimore. It was founded on November 28, 1864 by a group of white men. Operation of its schools was taken over by the city in 1867.[9]

Desegregation

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Main article: Desegregation of the Baltimore City Public Schools

City Schools were desegregated in 1954 following the ruling of the Supreme Court of the United States in Brown v. Board of Education. Limited desegregation had already happened with the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute being forced to admit African-American students on its prestigious "A" course in 1952, as none of the black schools in Baltimore offered an equal or equivalent course.[10][11]

High schools

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Further information: List of Baltimore City Public Schools

High schools that have been well known include Baltimore School for the Arts, a public high school that is nationally recognized for its success in preparing students for the arts; Carver Vocational-Technical High School, the first African-American vocational high school and center established in the state of Maryland; Digital Harbor High School, one of the only secondary schools that emphasizes in information technology; Frederick Douglass High School, the second oldest African-American High School in the United States;[12] Lake Clifton Eastern High School; the largest school campus of physical size in Baltimore City; Baltimore City College, the third oldest public high school in the country;[13] Western High School, the oldest public all-girls high school in the nation;[14] and Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, a public high school ranked 36th in STEM in the country in 2019 by Newsweek that shares the second-oldest high school football rivalry with Baltimore City College.[15][16]

Criticism and recent developments

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In late 2003,[17] City Schools was discovered to be in a severe fiscal crisis, with a deficit estimated to be anywhere from $54–64 million (depending on the reporting source). As a means of reducing the gap, extensive layoffs of teachers and staff took place and new controls were enacted to ensure that spending was more closely monitored. A loan from the city temporarily ended the deficit and City Schools paid the loan back over a two-year period. Criticism of the system still takes place with regard to the awarding of "emergency" contracts.

In 2011, Baltimore City Public Schools had the second-highest per student cost among the nation's 100 largest school districts according to the U.S. Census Bureau, spending $15,483 per student per year.[18]

In the 2010–11 school year there were approximately 83,634 in the entire school system (non-charter and charter).[19] The projected operating budget for the 2011 school year is $1.23 billion. This suggests that the per student spending including charter schools is $14,707.[20]

From March 1, 2006 to March 4, 2006, City Schools students from high schools across Baltimore City held a three-day student strike to oppose an imminent plan to "consolidate" many area high schools into fewer buildings. The school system asserted that these buildings are underutilized. The students and other advocates assert that the reason the extra space exists in these buildings is because class sizes often are about 40 students per class. Martin J. O'Malley, then-mayor of Baltimore, apparently gave an ear to the students' demands in this latest round of strike actions, fearing it could affect his status with the general public in a gubernatorial election year. The end of March saw a change in the balance of power, with the State of Maryland threatening to take over 11 City schools.

On April 8, 2007 The Baltimore Sun's Sara Neufeld stated in an article that the Baltimore City Public School budget was full of errors.

A recent poll conducted by The Baltimore Sun and Annapolis pollster OpinionWorks July 8–10, 2007 recently revealed Baltimore citizens grim opinion of the system. Asked to grade the Baltimore public schools, 2 percent of respondents gave the system an A; 10 percent gave it a B; 32 percent chose C; 22 percent D; and 20 percent Fail, with 15 percent unsure. If the system were assigned a mean grade-point average based on the poll, it would be a 1.45, the equivalent of about a D-plus".[7]

A December 2010 article in The New York Times characterizes the school system as having improved under the leadership of Dr. Alonso.[21]

A March 2012 article in The Baltimore Sun illustrates how the budget is not being carefully monitored. The severe budget cuts led to a thin staff working overtime, leading to high overtime wage earnings. Along with this, Dr. Andres Alonso's driver earned double his salary in overtime, making his pay in the previous year higher than Governor Martin O'Malley's.[22]

On November 27, 2012, Dr. Andres Alonso announced a 10-Year Plan which, pending approval of the school board, will lead to the closing of four elementary/middle schools following the 2012–2013 school year, as well as the closing of thirteen additional schools over the next five years. The plan also includes proposals for renovating and relocating the schools not being affected by closures.[23]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Finding Information." (Archived 2010-08-19 at the Wayback Machine) Baltimore City Public Schools. Retrieved April 9, 2011. "Dr. Alice G. Pinderhughes Administration Building 200 E. North Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21202 "
  2. ^ a b "Search for Public School Districts - District Detail for Baltimore City Public Schools". Archived from the original on March 27, 2024.
  3. ^ a b "By the Numbers / By the Numbers". Baltimore City Public Schools. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  4. ^ "Search for Public School Districts – District Detail for Baltimore City Public Schools". National Center for Education Statistics. Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  5. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Baltimore city, MD" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved July 23, 2022. - Text list
  6. ^ "Baltimore City Public Schools - U.S. Dept. of Ed". U.S. Department of Education. Archived from the original on July 26, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
  7. ^ a b Neufeld, Sara (July 2007). "Schools average grade of D-plus". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 26, 2007.
  8. ^ "District Office Directory / About the CEO". www.baltimorecityschools.org. Archived from the original on November 13, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  9. ^ "Male and Female Colored School No. 1 at the Peale – The Peale Center". The Peale Center. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  10. ^ Templeton, Furman L. (Winter 1954). ""The Admission of Negro Boys to the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute "A" Course,"". The Journal of Negro Education. 23 (1): 29. doi:10.2307/2293243. JSTOR 2293243.
  11. ^ Crockett, Sandra. "Breaking The Color Barrier At Poly In 1952". Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, MD.
  12. ^ "Film shows Baltimore school struggling despite No Child Left Behind law". Associated Press. June 21, 2008. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
  13. ^ Katz-Stone, Adam (January 28, 2000). "School boundaries". Baltimore Business Journal. Archived from the original on April 22, 2023. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
  14. ^ "WHS Flyer" (PDF). Western High School. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2009. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
  15. ^ Patterson, Ted (2000). Football in Baltimore: History and Memorabilia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8018-6424-7.
  16. ^ Newsweek (November 4, 2019). "Best STEM Schools - Top 500". Newsweek. Archived from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  17. ^ "Baltimore schools coverage". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved July 26, 2007. Archived information on the city system's planned closures, the proposed state takeovers and past financial problems.
  18. ^ "Baltimore Second in Per Pupil Spending, Census Says". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2013. Baltimore Second in Per Pupil Spending, Census Says.
  19. ^ "Students Overview". NAPCS Dashboard. Archived from the original on March 26, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2011. .
  20. ^ "Baltimore schools coverage". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2011. Archived City school board adopts $1.23 billion budget.
  21. ^ Tavernise, Sabrina (December 1, 2010). "Baltimore Schools, a Mission for Andres Alonso". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 2, 2010.
  22. ^ Green, Erica L. (March 1, 2012). "City schools pay $14 million overtime in four years". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on July 22, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
  23. ^ Proposed 10-Year Plan Recommendations (PDF), Baltimore City Public Schools, archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016, retrieved November 27, 2012

Further reading

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