Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya (Arabic: بني زيد الشرقية) is a Palestinian town in the northern West Bank, located north of Ramallah in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate. It was formed as a result of a merger of the villages of 'Arura,[1] Mazari al-Nubani, and Abwein, although the latter separated from the municipality. Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya is 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) north of Ajjul and other nearby localities include Deir as-Sudan to the southeast, Kafr Ein to the east, and Abwein to the southwest.[2]
Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya | |
|---|---|
| Arabic transcription(s) | |
| • Arabic | بني زيد الشرقية |
| • Latin | Bani Zeid East (official) Bani Zayd ash-Sharqiyya (unofficial) |
 Arura, in the distance | |
  Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya Location of Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya within Palestine | |
| Coordinates: 32°02′N 35°10′E / 32.033°N 35.167°E | |
| Palestine grid | 165/161, 166/161 |
| State | State of Palestine |
| Governorate | Ramallah and al-Bireh |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Head of Municipality | Abd al-Rahman al-Nubani |
| Population (2007) | |
• Total | 5,083 |
| Name meaning | "Eastern Bani Zeid" |
History
editBoth Arura and Mazari al-Nubani were part of the Bani Zeid subdistrict in the Sanjak of Jerusalem. The two villages produced a combined 99 qintars of olive oil, the chief agricultural product of the Bani Zeid,[3] and adult males in were taxed a combined 649 akçe.[when?][4]
'Arura
edit'Arura (Arabic: عاروره, ‘Arūrā) 32°02′30″N 35°10′18″E / 32.04167°N 35.17167°E (Palestine grid 166/160) is situated 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level.[5]
History
editPottery sherds from the IA I, IA II, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Crusader/Ayyubid eras have been found here.[6]
Near, and within the village are three shrines dedicated to Sheikh Radwan, Sheikh Ahmad, and al-Khidr. Al-Khidr's shrine, in the center of the village, has no relation to al-Khidr, and his simply dedicated to a holy man with the same name. Al-Khidr or Saint George is revered throughout Palestine in several towns and villages. Sheikh Ahmad's shrine is to the west of 'Arura.[7]
The Shrine of Sheikh Radwan bin 'Ulayl al-Arsufi, built during the Ayyubid rule of interior Palestine, is located to the southwest of the village situated on a hill roughly 600 meters (2,000 ft) above sea level. Not much is known about Radwan, except that his family was from Arsuf and he was an important man in the area that died in Egypt and was transferred to 'Arura for his burial. Muslim scholars suggested that Sheikh Radwan was from the 'Ulayl family. An Arabic inscription written in typical rural Ayyubid style, on the shrine's surface reads that he was transferred to "blessed Syria" (in early Islamic times, Palestine was a province of Syria). A mosque was constructed adjacent to the shrine.[7]
Pottery sherds from the Mamluk era have also been found here.[6]
Ottoman era
editIn 1596 'Arura appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had a population of 62 households, all Muslim, who paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, including on wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards and fruit trees, goats and/or beehives; a total of 12,000 akçe. 1/6 of the revenue went to a Waqf.[8][9]
In 1838 'Arurah was noted as a Muslim village, part of the Beni Zeid area, located north of Jerusalem.[10]
Victor Guérin visited the village in the late 19th century, and found it to have about 350-400 inhabitants. He also observed fragments of columns and other indications of an ancient town. There were also threshing-floors which appeared ancient.[11]
Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about 1870 that Arura had a total of 91 houses and a population of 300, though the population count included men, only.[12][13]
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described the village, called Arara, as being a small, on high ground, and remarkable for having five sacred places on the west side of the village.[14]
In 1896 the different parts of Arura was estimated to have about 237, 99 and 204 inhabitants; in all a population of 540 persons.[15]
British Mandate era
editIn the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, 'Arura had a population of 426 Muslim,[16] increasing in the 1931 census to 566 Muslim, in 131 houses.[17]
The 1945 statistics found 660 Muslim inhabitants,[18] with a total land area of 10,978 dunams.[19] Of this, 7,095 were used for plantations and irrigable land, 787 for cereals,[20] while 26 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[21]
Jordanian era
editIn the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, 'Arura came under Jordanian rule.
In 1961, the population of 'Arura was 1,337.[22]
Post 1967
editSince the Six-Day War in 1967, 'Arura has been under Israeli occupation.
There was a sharp decrease in the population from 1961 to 1982, caused by nearly half of 'Arura's inhabitants fleeing the village in the 1967 Six-Day War.[5] In 1997, 'Arura had a population of 2,087, of which 30 residents (1.4%) were Palestinian refugees.[23] The gender make-up was 1,069 males and 1,018 females.[23] According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of approximately 2,967 in mid-year 2006.[24]
Mazari al-Nubani
editMazari al-Nubani (Arabic: مزارع النوباني) 32°02′58″N 35°09′57″E / 32.04944°N 35.16583°E, (Palestine grid 165/161) is situated along the same height as 'Arura.
History
editMazari al-Nubani was by earlier scholars (Röhricht, Prawer and Benvenisti) identified with the Crusader village called Mezera, but newer scholars (Finkelstein et al.) disputes this.[25]
Ottoman era
editIn 1596 the village, under the name of Mazra'at al-'Abbas, appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had a population of 60 households and 21 bachelors, all Muslim. Taxes were paid on wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards and fruit trees, goats and/or beehives; a total of 6,910 akçe. 1/3 of the revenue went to a Waqf.[26][27]
In 1838 el-Mezari'a was noted as a Muslim village, part of the Beni Zeid area, located north of Jerusalem.[10]
When Guérin passed by the village in 1870, he estimated it had a population of about 600.[28] An Ottoman village list from about the same year showed Mazari with a population of 560, in 163 houses, though the population count included men only. It was also noted it was located east of Qarawat Bani Zeid.[29][30]
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described the village, then called Mezrah,[31] as being of moderate size, on high ground.[32]
In 1896 the population of Mezra‘a was estimated to be about 1,008 persons.[15]
British Mandate era
editIn the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Mazarie' al-Nubani had a population of 611 Muslims,[33] increasing in the 1931 census to 864 Muslims, in 193 houses.[34]
The 1945 statistics found 1,090 Muslim inhabitants[18] with a total of 9,631 dunam of land.[35] Of this, 7,399 were used for plantations and irrigable land, 445 for cereals,[36] while 59 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[37]
Jordanian era
editIn the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Mazari Nubani came under Jordanian rule.
In 1961, the population of Mazari al-Nubani was 1,358.[22]
Post 1967
editSince the Six-Day War in 1967, Mazari al-Nuban has been under Israeli occupation.
According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of approximately 2,510 inhabitants in mid-year 2006.[24]
Local government
editThe municipality was formed after a merger of 'Arura, Mazari al-Nubani, and Abwein prior to the Palestinian municipal elections in 2005. During the elections, Fatima Taher Sihweil from Abwein won and the municipality fell apart with only 'Arura and Mazari al-Nubani remaining.[citation needed]
The municipality separated in 2020.
References
edit- ^ from 'Arura, personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. 225
- ^ Satellite view of 'Arura
- ^ Singer, 1994, p. 78
- ^ Singer, 1994, p. 59
- ^ a b Welcome To 'Arura Palestine Remembered.
- ^ a b Finkelstein, 1997, p. 466
- ^ a b Sharon, 1997, pp. 121 -123
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 112
- ^ Toledano, 1984, p. 288, has 'Arura at location 35°09′50″E 32°02′30″N.
- ^ a b Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 125
- ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 170, partly translated in Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 303
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 144
- ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 107 noted 80 houses
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 289
- ^ a b Schick, 1896, p. 124
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 16
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 47.
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 111
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 161
- ^ a b Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 24
- ^ a b Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status Archived 2008-11-19 at the Wayback Machine Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS).
- ^ a b Projected Mid -Year Population for Ramallah & Al Bireh Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS).
- ^ Röhricht, 1887, p. 200, Prawer and Benvenisti, 1970; both cited in Finkelstein, 1997, p. 464. Finkelstein found no old pottery here.
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 114
- ^ Toledano, 1984, p. 296, has Mazari at location 35°09′35″E 32°03′00″N.
- ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 170
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 157
- ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 107, noted 103 houses
- ^ meaning "The sown land", according to Palmer, 1881, p. 239
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 291
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 17
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 50.
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 65
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 112
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 162
Bibliography
edit- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Dauphin, C. (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
- Finkelstein, I.; Lederman, Zvi, eds. (1997). Highlands of many cultures. Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section. ISBN 965-440-007-3.
- Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF).
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
- Guérin, V. (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.
- Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Moudjir ed-dyn (1876). Sauvaire (ed.). Histoire de Jérusalem et d'Hébron depuis Abraham jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle de J.-C. : fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir-ed-dyn.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Prawer, J.; Benvenisti, D. (1970). Palestine under the Crusaders. In: Amiran, D.H.K. et al., eds. Atlas of Israel. Vol. IX: 10. Jerusalem.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Röhricht, R. (1887). "Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 10: 195–344.
- Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 19: 120–127.
- Sharon, M. (1997). Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, A. Vol. 1. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-10833-5.
- Singer, A. (1994). Palestinian Peasants and Ottoman Officials: Rural Administration Around Sixteenth-Century Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47679-8.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
- Tamārī, S. (2008). Mountain Against the Sea: Essays on Palestinian Society and Culture. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25129-8.
- Toledano, E. (1984). "The Sanjaq of Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century: Aspects of Topography and Population". Archivum Ottomanicum. 9: 279–319.
External links
edit- Welcome To 'Arura
- Welcome To Mazari' al-Nubani
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons
