Hylaeus alcyoneus, commonly known as the banksia bee, is a bee species endemic to Australia where it is commonly found in the coastal heaths of eastern and southern Western Australia. This bee is an important pollinator of Banksia species.
| Banksia bee | |
|---|---|
| |
| Hylaeus alcyoneus male | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Colletidae |
| Genus: | Hylaeus |
| Species: | H. alcyoneus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hylaeus alcyoneus Erichson, 1842
| |
The banksia bee was originally described by German entomologist Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson in 1842; its specific epithet is derived from the Ancient Greek halcyon "kingfisher" relating to its kingfisher blue colour.
The banksia bee has a metallic blue abdomen and yellow face markings.[1] The sexual dimorphism of this species is notable amongst bees — the males of the species are significantly larger than the females; in most other types of bee, females are larger than males.[2] Males of different sizes have been shown to display different feeding behaviour. Large males perch and defend Banksia inflorescences that are in high positions on the shrub where they feed; small males feed closer to the ground and patrol circuits including several inflorescences. Displacement of large males from the perches is almost always by an even larger male.[3]
Western Australian banksias which the bee has been recorded visiting include Banksia ashbyi, B. coccinea, B. hookeriana, B. ilicifolia, B. menziesii, B. prionotes, B. sessilis, and B. speciosa. Other species include Allocasuarina campestris, Grevillea cagiana, G. eriostachya, Isopogon dubius, and Xanthorrhoea species.[4]
The Banksia bee faces competition from the introduced European honey bee (Apis mellifera). In sites where the species coexist, the Banksia bee has significantly fewer nests that it has on sites where there is no competition.[5] A banksia bee nest consists of several cavities or cells within hollowed pieces of wood. A parent bee places provisions of pollen and nectar in each cell, along with a single egg.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b Dollin, Anne; Batley, Michael (2000). Native Bees of the Sydney Region. North Richmond, NSW: Australian Native Bee Research Centre. p. 35. ISBN 1-876307-07-2.
- ^ Dean R. Paini; Winston J. Bailey (2002). "Seasonal sex ratio and unbalanced investment sex ratio in the Banksia bee Hylaeus alcyoneus". Ecological Entomology. 27 (6): 713–719. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00459.x.
- ^ Alcock, John (1994). "Body size and its effect on male-male competition in Hylaeus alcyoneus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)". Journal of Insect Behavior. 8 (2): 149–159. doi:10.1007/BF01988901.
- ^ Houston, Terry F. (June 2000). Native Bees on Wildflowers in Western Australia. Perth, WA: Western Australian Museum. p. 41. ISBN 0-646-39816-4.
- ^ Paini, D. R.; Roberts, J. D. (2002). "Commercial honey bees (Apis mellifera) reduce the fecundity of an Australian native bee (Hylaeus alcyoneus)". Biological Conservation. 23: 103–112.