Brian Francis Kerr, Baron Kerr of Tonaghmore, PC (/kɜːr/;[1] 22 February 1948 – 1 December 2020), was a Northern Irish barrister and a senior judge. He held office as Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland and then as a justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. In 2009, he was the last person to receive a law life peerage under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876. At the time of his retirement on 30 September 2020, he was the longest-serving justice of the Supreme Court, and the court's last original member.
The Lord Kerr of Tonaghmore | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Kerr in 2016 | |
| Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom | |
| In office 1 October 2009 – 30 September 2020 | |
| Nominated by | Jack Straw |
| Appointed by | Elizabeth II |
| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Stephens of Creevyloughgare |
| Lord of Appeal in Ordinary | |
| In office 1 July – 30 September 2009 | |
| Preceded by | The Lord Carswell |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland | |
| In office 2004–2009 | |
| Nominated by | Tony Blair |
| Appointed by | Elizabeth II |
| Preceded by | Sir Robert Carswell |
| Succeeded by | Sir Declan Morgan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 23 February 1949 Lurgan, County Armagh, Northern Ireland |
| Died | 1 December 2020 (aged 72) |
| Nationality | British, Irish |
| Spouse |
Gillian Widdowson (m. 1970) |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | Queen's University Belfast |
Early life
editKerr was born on 22 February 1948 to James William Kerr and Kathleen Rose Kerr (née Murray) of Lurgan in County Armagh.[2]
He was educated at St Colman's College, Newry, and read law at Queen's University Belfast. He was called to the Bar of Northern Ireland in 1970, and to the Bar of England and Wales at Gray's Inn in 1975.[3] He became a Queen's Counsel in 1983 and became a member of the Bar of Ireland in 1990, and an Honorary Bencher of Gray's Inn in 1997 and the King's Inns in 2004. He served as Junior Crown Counsel (Common Law) from 1978 to 1983 and Senior Crown Counsel from 1988 to 1993.[2]
Judicial career
editNorthern Ireland
editIn 1993, Kerr was appointed a Judge of the High Court and knighted, and in 2004 was appointed Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland,[2][3] only the second Roman Catholic to hold the position,[4] and sworn of the Privy Council.[5]
Kerr regarded the introduction in 1971 of internment without trial in Northern Ireland as having been "calamitous for the rule of law". However, he assessed his Troubles-era experience of the non-jury Diplock courts, introduced to prevent intimidation by paramilitaries, as broadly positive. Citing the "distinguished civil libertarian", Sir Louis Blom-Cooper, he proposed that the non-jury system (in which there was an automatic right of appeal) "was in some senses superior to the jury trial."[6]
As was usual for the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland,[7] he succeeded Lord Carswell as the Northern Irish Lord of Appeal in Ordinary upon the latter's retirement.[3]
United Kingdom Supreme Court
editOn 29 June 2009, he was created Baron Kerr of Tonaghmore, of Tonaghmore in the County of Down, and was introduced to the House of Lords the same day. He was the last person to be appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. On 1 October 2009, he became one of the inaugural Justices of the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. He was the youngest member, at age 61.[8] He was succeeded as Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland on 3 July 2009 by Sir Declan Morgan.[9]
Lord Kerr of Tonaghmore dissented from the controversial judgment of the Supreme Court in R v Gnango, in which the court held that a person could be an accessory to his own murder.[10]
In the 2016 Article 50 "Brexit", and 2019 prorogation of Parliament, cases before the Supreme Court, Lord Kerr was a "close questioner of the government submissions".[11]
Asked to specify which had been his most important case, Kerr opted for the 2018 legal challenge to Northern Ireland abortion law brought by the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission. The law prohibited abortion, even in cases of rape, incest and fatal foetal abnormality, and four of the seven justices, including Lord Kerr, ruled that this made the law in Northern Ireland incompatible with human rights legislation. "One only has to read the dreadful circumstances of the young women who were courageous enough to give … an account of their experiences in order to be struck how dreadful those experiences were... It was an extremely important case and one which I was very pleased to be part of."[6]
In 2014, Ulster University awarded Lord Kerr an honorary doctorate in law.[12]
In August 2020, it was announced that he would retire on 30 September 2020.[13]
Defence of judicial review
editFollowing his retirement Lord Kerr defended the practice of judicial review and the £56m cost of creating the Supreme Court in Parliament Square. He could understand that ministers might be "irritated by legal challenges which may appear to them to be frivolous or misconceived", but
if we are operating a healthy democracy, what the judiciary provides is a vouching or checking mechanism for the validity [of] laws that parliament has enacted or the appropriate international treaties to which we have subscribed... the last thing we want is for government to have access to unbridled power.[11]
Personal life
editKerr married Gillian Widdowson in 1970, and the couple had two sons. He was a Roman Catholic.[14][4][15]
Lord Kerr of Tonaghmore died in the early hours of 1 December 2020, aged 72.[16][17]
Lady Kerr died in July 2022.[18]
Arms
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See also
edit- List of Northern Ireland Members of the House of Lords
- List of Northern Ireland members of the Privy Council
- The Public Prosecution Service v William Elliott, Robert McKee
- R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union
- R (Miller) v The Prime Minister and Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland
References
edit- ^ "UK Supreme Court Judgments 26th June 2013 – Part 1". UK Supreme Court YouTube. UK Supreme Court. 26 June 2013. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
"The judgment in this case will be given by Lord Kerr", spoken in the presence of Lord Kerr by his colleague Lord Neuberger.
- ^ a b c "Kerr of Tonaghmore". Who's Who. A & C Black. 2021. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U22949. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c "Appointment of two Lords of Appeal in Ordinary". 10 Downing Street. 8 April 2009. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
- ^ a b "Sir Brian Kerr to take NI Chief Justice job". The Irish Times. Dublin: Irish Times Trust. 11 January 2004. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ "Privy Council Appointment (Sir Brian Francis Kerr)". 10 Downing Street. 6 February 2004. Archived from the original on 9 September 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ a b Bowcott, Owen (19 October 2020). "Lord Kerr: 'respectable arguments' for both jury and non-jury trials". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- ^ "Sir Brian Kerr Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland". The Times. London, UK. 21 April 2008. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ "Sir Brian is last ever Law Lord". BBC News Online. 29 June 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ "Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland". 10 Downing Street. 18 June 2009. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ R v Gnango [2011] UKSC 59 (14 December 2011)
- ^ a b Bowcott, Owen (19 October 2020). "UK needs judges to limit government power, says Lord Kerr". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
- ^ University, Ulster (7 November 2016). "Inspiring Excellence: University of Ulster Honorary Graduates". Archived from the original on 28 September 2015.
- ^ "New appointment to the UK's top appeal court". UK Supreme Court. 25 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
- ^ "Catholic appointed new lord chief justice". The Irish News. 12 December 2003. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ Harris, Eoghan (17 December 2017). "Tubridy tries to have it both ways on the royal wedding". Irish Independent. Dublin: Independent News & Media. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ "Former Lord Chief Justice for Northern Ireland Sir Brian Kerr, has died". Armagh I. 1 December 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ "Lord Kerr of Tonaghmore: Former Supreme Court judge dies at 72". BBC. 1 December 2020.
- ^ "Passing of Lady Gillian Kerr". Law Society of Northern Ireland. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ^ Debrett's Peerage. 2019. p. 3207.