The Barron River (Indigenous: Bibhoora[citation needed]) is located on the Atherton Tablelands inland from Cairns in North Queensland, Australia. With its headwaters below Mount Hypipamee, the 165-kilometre (103 mi)-long river with a catchment area of approximately 2,138 square kilometres (825 sq mi) forms through run off from the Mount Hypipamee National Park, flows through Lake Tinaroo, and eventually empties into the Coral Sea between Machans Beach and Aeroglen.[8]
| Barron | |
|---|---|
 The Barron Falls near Kuranda | |
  Location of Barron River river mouth in Queensland | |
| Etymology | In honour of Thomas Barron, a Brisbane chief clerk of police.[1] |
| Native name | Bibhoora[citation needed] |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | Queensland |
| Region | Far North Queensland |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Atherton Tablelands |
| • location | below Mount Hypipamee |
| • coordinates | 17°25′48″S 145°30′48″E / 17.43000°S 145.51333°E |
| • elevation | 1,200 m (3,900 ft) |
| Mouth | Coral Sea |
• location | Machans Beach/Aeroglen |
• coordinates | 16°51′41″S 145°46′15″E / 16.86139°S 145.77083°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 165 km (103 mi) |
| Basin size | 2,138 km2 (825 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Near mouth |
| • average | 29.4 m3/s (930 GL/a)[2] |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Granite Creek (Queensland), Flaggy Creek |
| • right | Peterson Creek (Queensland), Tinaroo Creek, Clohessy River |
| Waterfalls | Barron Falls; Dinner Falls |
| National parks | Mount Hypipamee National Park; Barron Gorge National Park |
| [3][4][5][6][7] | |
Geography
edit
Over time, some of the Mitchell River's former headwaters were diverted by natural forces into the Barron.[9] These include the Clohesy River and other tributaries that used to flow northwest to the Gulf of Carpentaria. With the extra water now flowing over the 260-metre (850 ft)-high Barron Falls, the steep, narrow Barron Gorge was formed. Much of the water that used to flow over the falls has now been diverted in upstream dams and is used to generate electricity at the Barron Gorge Hydroelectric Power Station.[10]
The Barron's headwaters start in the Mount Hypipamee National Park near Mount Hypipamee at an elevation of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). The river then flows north 65 kilometres (40 mi) across the Atherton Tablelands before finally turning east after Mareeba towards Kuranda. After passing under the Kuranda Range Highway's bridge and through Kuranda proper, it descends down the 260-metre (850 ft)-high Barron Falls and reaches the Cairns floodplains near Smithfield. The Dinner Falls are located along the upper Barron River.
The river's catchment area includes the major tributaries flowing into Lake Tinaroo including Kauri, Mazlin, McLean, Maroobi, Peterson and Severin Creeks. It also absorbs most of the major tributaries on the Atherton Tableland, including Emerald Creek, Granite Creek, the Clohesy River and Stoney Creek.[7] This also includes Thomatis Creek, which has only been connected to the Barron since 1932 and has been responsible for diverting part of the flow from the river. Freshwater Creek joins the Barron River below the Gorge and drains Lake Morris and the Lamb and Whitfield Ranges.
Before entering the Coral Sea, the river's delta splits into three distributaries, the main river channel, Thomatis/Richters Creek, and Redden Creek. Two other distributaries also operate during flooding – Barr Creek and Half Moon Creek.
The river is the sole source of sand for the beaches to the north of Cairns.[11] Sand and gravel extraction from the river bed has supplied growing demand in the Cairns area. In the 1970s and 80s extraction rates reached 90,000 cubic metres (3,200,000 cu ft) per year, which was twice the replenishment rate at the mouth.[11] This has resulted in considerable beach erosion to the north.
History
editThe river's original Aboriginal name is Bibhoora[citation needed]. The river gained its current name in 1875 when two police sub-inspectors, Robert Arthur Johnstone[12] and Alexander Douglas-Douglas, named it after Thomas Henry Bowman Barron (circa 1835 – 24 June 1882), chief clerk of police in Brisbane.[1] The European discovery of the river was by James Venture Mulligan in 1874.[citation needed] Barron River gives its name to the electoral district of Barron River, a division of the Queensland Legislative Assembly formed in 1971.
Flooding
editThe lower reaches of the Barron River have a well-documented history of flooding dating from early last century.[13] Tinaroo Falls Dams has little effect on the mitigation of floods.[14] Both agricultural and residential areas can be affected. A network of rainfall and river height field stations was established in 1995 to provide a flood warning system for the Cairns City Council.[13]
Heavy rain associated with a cyclone early in 1939 caused substantial flooding on the Barron River and resulted in the river changing its course. The mouth of the Barron moved about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north from Casuarina Point on the northern Cairns esplanade to Ellie Point.[11]
Some of the river's worst flooding occurred in 1950 when a major tropical cyclone followed the contour of the Queensland coast for over a week.[citation needed]
Rainfall records were broken in December 2023 when Cyclone Jasper crossed the coast. It resulted in non-stop torrential rain for 48 hours after the system stalled over southern Cape York Peninsula.[15] At Myola a peak of 14.09 metres was recorded.[14] The suburbs of Holloways Beach, Machans Beach and Yorkeys Knob were particularly hard hit by flooding.[14]
Fauna
editThe stocking of exotic sports fish into the river has led to a serious decline in the diversity and abundance of native fish.[16]
A total of 63 species of fish have been found in the river, including the glassfish, barred grunter, Snub-nosed Garfish, Fly-specked hardyhead, Mouth almighty, Bigeye Trevally, Goby, Jungle Perch, oxeye herring, eastern rainbowfish, Bony bream, Spotted scat, Giant gudgeon, Freshwater Longtom and Seven-spot Archerfish.[17]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b "Barron River (entry 1763)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
- ^ "East Coastal Watersheds".
- ^ "Map of Barron River, QLD". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ "Map of Barron River (1), QLD". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ "Map of Barron River (2), QLD". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ "Map of Barron River (3), QLD". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ a b "Water resources – Overview – Queensland – Basin & Surface Water Management Area: Barron River". Australian Natural Resources Atlas. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
- ^ "Layers: Locality; Mountains and ranges; Contours; Watercourses". Queensland Globe. Queensland Government. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ^ Whitehead, P. W.; Nelson, P. N. (4 July 2014). "Displacement of the Great Divide in north Queensland associated with Neogene lava flows". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 61 (6): 803–809. Bibcode:2014AuJES..61..803W. doi:10.1080/08120099.2014.927788. ISSN 0812-0099. S2CID 140191097.
- ^ Shilton, Peter (2005). Natural areas of Queensland. Mount Gravatt, Queensland: Goldpress. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-9758275-0-5.
- ^ a b c Johnson, David (2009). The Geology of Australia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 197, 224–5. ISBN 978-1107393721. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
- ^ "Stratford Heritage Trail". The Stratford and Freshwater Community Association (SAFCA). Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
- ^ a b "Flood Warning System for the Barron River". Bureau of Meteorology (Australia). Archived from the original on 3 August 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
- ^ a b c Newton, Matthew; McCarthy, Isaac (18 December 2023). "Far North Qld floods: Raw sewage leaking onto Cairns' streets as water supply restarted, Airport ready for flight". The Cairns Post. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
- ^ Turton, Steve (18 December 2023). "Far North Queensland's torrential rains result in record-breaking floods in the wake of Tropical Cyclone Jasper". Australian Geographic. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
- ^ Low, Tim. (2003). The New Nature. Penguin: Sydney. ISBN 0-14-300194-9
- ^ "Barron River catchment". Fish Atlas of North Australia. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.