The Toru River or Batang Toru is a river in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, about 1200 km northwest of the capital Jakarta.[1][2]
| Toru River Sungai Toru, Batang Toru, Air Batang Toru, Air Batang Toroe, Batang Toroe | |
|---|---|
  Location of river mouth  Toru River (Sumatra)  Toru River (Indonesia) | |
| Location | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | North Sumatra |
Geography
editThe river flows in the northern area of Sumatra with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[3] The annual average temperature in the area is 24 °C. The warmest month is February, when the average temperature is around 26 °C, and the coldest is May, at 22 °C.[4] The average annual rainfall is 3379 mm. The wettest month is November, with an average of 520 mm rainfall, and the driest is July, with 156 mm rainfall.[5] The area of the river is located on the Great Sumatran Fault Zone, providing the area with an abundance of geothermal energy sources and hot water springs, while also increasing the frequency of large earthquakes.[6]
Ecology
editThe river flows at the heart of the area where the Tapanuli orangutan lives, a kind of orangutan which was identified as a separate species in 2017.[7]
Uses
editThe Batang Toru hydropower project has started work on a dam and tunnel, financed by China, which is meant to provide electric power during 6 hours a day.[7] As of 2022, Indonesian state-owned electronic distribution company Perusahaan Listrik Negara has also started to work with Indonesian private companies to establish a hydropower on the river.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
- ^ Batang Toru at Geonames.org (cc-by); Last updated 2013-06-04; Database dump downloaded 2015-11-27
- ^ Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016.
- ^ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016.
- ^ a b Dewanto, Fadjar Ari (2022-07-08). "Analisa Hydrology dan Geologi Sungai Batang Toru -". Berita Daerah. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
- ^ a b Leahy, Stephen (9 August 2018). "Hydroelectric Dam Threatens to Wipe Out World's Rarest Ape". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018.