Metropolitan Borough of Battersea

Battersea
St Mary
Battersea St Mary
	; Former Battersea Town Hall (now Arts Centre)
	; Metropolitan Borough of Battersea shown within the County of London;
Area
• 1831	3,020 acres (12.2 km2)
• 1851	2,343 acres (9.48 km2)
• 1901	2,161 acres (8.75 km2)
Population
• 1801	3,365
• 1851	10,560
• 1901	168,907
Density
• 1851	4.5/acre
• 1901	78/acre
History
• Origin	Ancient parish
• Abolished	1965
• Succeeded by	London Borough of Wandsworth
Status	Civil parish (until 1965); Metropolitan borough (1900—1965)
Government	Vestry of the Parish of Battersea (1888—1900); Battersea Borough Council (1900—1965)
• HQ	Municipal Buildings, Lavender Hill
• Motto	Non Mihi Non Tibi Sed Nobis; (Not for me, not for thee, but for us)
	; Coat of arms of the borough council;
	Map of borough boundary

Battersea was a civil parish and metropolitan borough in the County of London, England. In 1965, the borough was abolished and its area combined with parts of the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth to form the London Borough of Wandsworth. The borough was administered from Battersea Town Hall on Lavender Hill. That building is now Battersea Arts Centre.

Ancient parish

As an ancient parish, Battersea was part of the hundred of Brixton and county of Surrey. It included the exclave of Penge.

Parish in the Metropolis

In 1855, under the Metropolis Management Act 1855, the civil responsibilities of the parish were passed to the Metropolitan Board of Works. The two parts of the parish were assigned to different districts by the act establishing the MBW: Battersea was included in the area of the Wandsworth District Board of Works and the hamlet of Penge in that of Lewisham District Board of Works. Penge became a civil parish in its own right in 1866.

On 25 March 1888, a separate vestry was formed as a local authority for The parish of Saint Mary Battersea excluding Penge.^[2] In 1889, the Local Government Act 1888 reconstituted the area of the Metropolitan Board of Works as the County of London, and Battersea was transferred from Surrey to the new county.^[3]

The population of the parish in 1896 was 165,115 and it had adopted the Public Libraries Act 1850 immediately upon obtaining local independence in 1888, with its own vestry. For electoral purposes, the parish was divided into four wards and had 120 elected vestrymen.

Metropolitan borough

In 1900, the London Government Act 1899 divided the County of London into twenty-eight metropolitan boroughs. The vestries and district boards were dissolved. The parish became the Metropolitan Borough of Battersea, with the borough council replacing the civil vestry.

The Metropolitan Borough included within its bounds Battersea, Battersea Park, Clapham Junction and parts of Wandsworth Common and Clapham Common.

In 1913, John Archer became mayor of the borough and the first black mayor in the capital.^[4]

Ecclesiastical parish

The ancient parish, dedicated to St Mary, was in the Diocese of Winchester until 1877, then the Diocese of Rochester until 1905, and then finally in the Diocese of Southwark. From 1851, as the population of Battersea increased, a number of new parishes were formed:^[5]

St George, Nine Elms in 1853
Christ Church, Battersea Park in 1861
St John, York Road Battersea in 1863
St Philip, Queen's Road, Battersea in 1870
Church of the Ascension, Lavender Hill in 1871
St Saviour, Battersea Park Road in 1872
St Peter, Plough Road, Battersea in 1876
St Mark, Battersea Rise in 1883
All Saints, Queen's Road, Battersea Park in 1884
St Michael, Wandsworth Common in 1884
St Andrew, Stockdale Road, Battersea in 1886
St Stephen, Battersea Bridge Road in 1887
St Barnabas, Clapham Common in 1895
St Luke, Ramsden Road, Battersea in 1901
St Bartholomew, Wickersley Road, Battersea in 1906

A number of new parishes were also formed within the detached part of Battersea parish, the hamlet of Penge:^[5]

St John the Evangelist, Penge in 1851
St Paul, Penge in 1869
Holy Trinity, Anerley Road, Penge in 1873
Christ Church, Penge in 1886

Coat of arms

In 1901, the borough adopted an unofficial coat of arms, consisting of a shield vertically divided blue and white, the division line being indented (in heraldry-speak Party per pale indented azure and argent). This design was taken from a flag dating from 1803. On top of the shield was a dove bearing an olive branch. The Latin motto was Non Mihi, Non Tibi, Sed Nobis, or "Neither for myself, nor for yourself, but for us".

In 1955, the borough received an official grant from the College of Arms, based on the old device. The colours in the shield were reversed, and a bordure or heraldic border added. The bordure consisted of silver and blue waves, representative of the River Thames, and bore sixteen gold stars for the sixteen wards of the borough. The new crest on top of the helm was the dove of the 1901 design, with the addition of sprigs of lavender, for the old lavender fields of the area, and Lavender Hill, the main road of Battersea. The old motto was retained.

Population and area

The area of the borough was 2,163 acres (8.8 km²). The population recorded in the Census was:

Battersea Vestry 1801–1899

Population	3,365^[7]	4,409^[7]	4,764	5,311	6,617	10,560	19,600	54,016	107,262	150,558
Year^[6]	1801	1811	1821	1831	1841	1851	1861	1871	1881	1891

Metropolitan Borough 1900–1961

Population	168,907	167,743	167,739	159,552	^[9]	117,140	105,870
Year^[8]	1901	1911	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961

Politics

A map showing the wards of Battersea Metropolitan Borough as they appeared in 1916.

The first election to the council was on 1 November 1900, with the Progressive Party taking control of the new borough. They retained power until 1909, when the Municipal Reform Party (allied to the Conservatives) gained a majority. The Progressives regained the council in 1912, holding power until 1919 when the Labour Party gained control. In 1931 the borough come under Municipal Reform control again. Labour regained power in 1934, retaining it for the rest of the borough's existence.

Elections of the whole council were held every three years. Elections were cancelled during the two world wars (1914–1918 and 1939–1945). The 1952 election was postponed for a year so that it did not clash with elections to the London County Council. The number of councillors returned at each election was as follows:.^[10]

Local elections

Year	1900	1903	1906	1909	1912	1919	1922	1925	1928	1931	1934	1937	1945
Progressives	37	38	29	2	29
Municipal Alliance	17	16	25
Municipal Reform				52	25	11	21	25	22	31	18	15	5
Labour						41	33	29	33	23	37	40	50
Discharged servicemen						2

No Municipal Reform candidates were nominated after 1946, and Conservative candidates were nominated at local elections for the first time.

Year	1949	1953	1956	1959	1962
Labour	34	37	46	34	40
Conservative	21	18	18	21	12
Liberal					3

Wards

From 1900 to 1949 the borough was divided into nine wards, returning either three, six or nine councillors:

Bolingbroke (6 councillors)
Broomwood (6)
Church (6)
Latchmere (6)
Nine Elms (9)
Park (6)
St John (3)
Shaftesbury (6)
Winstanley (6)

In 1949 the wards were redrawn, with fourteen wards returning three to five councillors each:

Bolingbroke (3)
Broomwood (3)
Church (4)
Latchmere (4)
Lavender (3)
Newtown (3)
Nightingale (5)
Nine Elms (3)
Park (4)
Queenstown (4)
St John (4)
Shaftesbury (3)
Stormont (3)
Thornton (3)
Vicarage (3)
Winstanley (3)

The latest ward to be redrawn was Fairfield ward, with three councillors.

Parliamentary constituencies

For elections to parliament the borough was originally part of the parliamentary borough of Battersea and Clapham, which consisted of two divisions, Battersea and Clapham.

In 1918 the metropolitan borough was divided into two constituencies:

Battersea North (Church, Latchmere, Nine Elms and Park wards) and
Battersea South (Bolingbroke, Broomwood, St John, Shaftesbury and Winstanley wards)

The boundaries of the two constituencies were adjusted in 1949 to reflect the redrawn borough wards:

Battersea North (Church, Latchmere, Newtown, Nine Elms, Park, Queenstown, Vicarage and Winstanley wards)
Battersea South (Bolingbroke, Broomwood, Lavender, Nightingale, St John, Shaftesbury, Stormont and Thornton wards)

The constituencies continued unchanged until 1983^[11] when the Battersea constituency largely succeeded these two.

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Vision of Britain – Battersea population (area and density)
^ Metropolis Management (Battersea and Westminster) Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. C.17)
^ Local Government Act, 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. C. 41), s.40
^ John Archer biography (Black History) Archived 7 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 14 January 2008
^ ^a ^b "'Parishes: Battersea with Penge', A History of the County of Surrey". 1912. pp. 8–17. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
^ Statistical Abstract for London, 1901 (Vol. IV); Census tables for Metropolitan Borough of Battersea
^ ^a ^b (probably including Penge)
^ Battersea MetB: Census Tables. Retrieved 19 June 2007
^ The census was suspended for World War II
^ Election results as reported in The Times, 3 November 1900; 4 November 1903; 3 November 1906; 2 November 1909; 2 November 1912; 4 November 1919; 4 November 1925; 3 November 1928; 4 November 1931; 3 November 1934; 3 November 1937; 2 November 1945; 7 May 1949; 7 May 1953; 11 May 1956; 8 May 1959; 12 May 1962
^ F.A. Youngs, Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Volume 1, 1979

Bibliography

"The London Manual 1899–1900" edited by Robert Donald (Edward Lloyd Ltd., 1899)