Battle of Guadalupe Island (1595)
The Battle of Guadalupe Island, also known as the Battle of Guadalupe, was a naval action that took place off Guadalupe Island (French: Guadeloupe), Caribbean Sea, on 8 November 1595, between a Spanish force of five frigates commanded by Don Pedro Tello de Guzmán and Don Gonzalo Méndez de Cancio (who was appointed Admiral on 19 August 1595), and an English squadron of nine ships (rear of Francis Drake's fleet), during the unsuccessful English military expedition of 1595 against Spain and their possessions, led by Sir Francis Drake himself, Sir John Hawkins and Sir Thomas Baskerville, as the context of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604).[1][2] The result was a Spanish victory.[3] One of the English ships, the Francis, was captured and the others fled from the battle.[3][4] Then, knowing Drake's plans, the Spanish flotilla took advantage over the bulk of Drake's fleet, and arrived at San Juan on 13 November, reinforcing the town with 500 soldiers and supplies.[5] The Spaniards organized different artillery positions in strategic locations, and the five frigates were positioned to cover the entrance of the bay with their artillery, awaiting the arrival of Drake.[6] On 22 November, with the defenses completed, the English fleet arrived off San Juan and tried to invade the town.[6] The result was another Spanish victory over Drake's forces.[6][7]
| Battle of Guadalupe Island (1595) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) | |||||||
 Panoramic view from Guadalupe Island. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 England |
 Spain | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Francis Drake | Pedro Tello de Guzmán | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 9 ships[3] | 5 frigates[3] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
1 ship captured[2][3] 45 killed and 25 captured[2] | Light[2] | ||||||
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1898). Armada Española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón. Vol. III. Instituto de Historia y Cultura Naval. p.107
- ^ a b c d e Rodríguez González. Victorias por Mar de los Españoles. Biblioteca de Historia. pp. 79-88
- ^ a b c d e Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1898). p.107
- ^ Rodríguez González pp. 79-88
- ^ Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1898). p.108
- ^ a b c Fernández Duro, Cesáreo pp.108-109
- ^ Van Middeldyk p.68
References
edit- Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1898). Armada Española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón. Vol. III. Instituto de Historia y Cultura Naval. Madrid. (in Spanish)
- Konstam, Angus (2008). Piracy: The Complete History. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. UK. ISBN 978-1-84603-240-0
- Van Middeldyk, R. A. (2008). The History of Puerto Rico. Teddington: Echo Library. UK. ISBN 978-1-4068-7497-6
- Ullivarri, Saturnino (2004). Piratas y corsarios en Cuba. Spain: Editorial Renacimiento. ISBN 978-84-8472-127-7 (in Spanish)
- Rodríguez González, Agustín Ramón (2006). Victorias por Mar de los Españoles. Biblioteca de Historia. Grafite Ediciones. Madrid. ISBN 84-96281-38-8 (in Spanish)
External links
edit- Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1898). Armada Española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón. Vol. III. Instituto de Historia y Cultura Naval. Madrid. (in Spanish)