Wikipedia

Beat 'em up

(Redirected from Beat-em-up)
For the related genre for one-on-one combat, see fighting game. For the Iggy Pop album, see Beat 'Em Up.
"Brawler" and "Brawlers" redirect here. For other uses, see Brawler (disambiguation).

A beat 'em up (also known as brawler and, in some markets, beat 'em all[1]) is a video game genre featuring hand-to-hand combat against a large number of opponents. Traditional beat 'em ups take place in scrolling, two-dimensional (2D) levels, while a number of modern games feature more open three-dimensional (3D) environments with yet larger numbers of enemies. The gameplay tends to follow arcade genre conventions, such as being simple to learn but difficult to master, and the combat system tends to be more highly developed than other side-scrolling action games. Two-player cooperative gameplay and multiple player characters are also hallmarks of the genre. Most of these games take place in urban settings and feature crime-fighting and revenge-based plots, though some games may employ historical, science fiction or fantasy themes.

The first beat 'em up was 1984's Kung-Fu Master,[2][3] which was based on Hong Kong martial arts films. 1986's Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-kun introduced the belt scroll format employed extensively by later games, while also popularizing contemporary urban settings, while its Western localized version Renegade further introduced underworld revenge themes. The genre then saw a period of high popularity between the release of Double Dragon in 1987, which defined the two-player cooperative mode and continuous belt scroll format central to classic beat 'em ups, and 1991's Street Fighter II, which drew gamers towards one-on-one fighting games. Games such as Streets of Rage, Final Fight, Golden Axe and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are other classics to emerge from this period. In the late 1990s, the genre lost popularity with the emergence of 3D-polygon technology.

In the 2000s, a sub-genre of 3D hack-and-slash games emerged (also known as "character action games"), adapting the beat 'em up formula to utilize large-scale 3D environments, with popular franchises including God Hand, Devil May Cry, Dynasty Warriors, God of War and Bayonetta. Since the 2010s, traditional 2D beat 'em ups have seen a resurgence, with popular titles such as Dungeon Fighter Online, Dragon's Crown, Streets of Rage 4 and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Shredder's Revenge.

Definition

edit

A beat 'em up (also called a "brawler")[4][5] is a type of action game where the player character must fight a large number of enemies in unarmed combat or with melee weapons.[6][7][8] Gameplay consists of walking through a level, one section at a time, defeating a group of enemies before advancing to the next section; a boss fight normally occurs at the end of each level.[9] Arcade versions of these games are often quite difficult to win, causing players to spend more money.[10]

Beat 'em ups are related to but distinct from fighting games, which are based around one-on-one matches rather than scrolling levels and multiple enemies.[11] Such terminology is loosely applied, however,[11] as some commentators prefer to conflate the two terms.[12] At times, both one-on-one fighting games and scrolling beat 'em ups have influenced each other in terms of graphics and style and can appeal to fans of either genre.[11] Occasionally, a game will feature both kinds of gameplay.[13]

In the United Kingdom, video game magazines during the 1980s to 1990s, such as Mean Machines and Computer & Video Games (C+VG) for example, referred to all games which had a combat motif as beat 'em ups, including fighting games.[14] However, they were differentiated by a specific prefix; games like Double Dragon or Final Fight were called "scrolling beat 'em ups"[15] and games such as Street Fighter II or Mortal Kombat were referred to as "one on one beat 'em ups".[16] Fighting games were still being called "beat 'em up" games in the UK gaming press up until the end of the 1990s.[17]

Game design

edit

Beat 'em up games usually employ vigilante crime fighting and revenge plots with the action taking place on city streets,[18] though historical and fantasy themed games also exist.[19][20] Players must walk from one end of the game world to the other,[21] and thus each game level will usually scroll horizontally.[5] Some later beat 'em ups dispense with 2D-based scrolling levels, instead allowing the player to roam around larger 3D environments, though they retain the same simple-to-learn gameplay and control systems.[22][23] Throughout the level, players may acquire weapons that they can use as well as power-ups that replenish the player's health.[5]

As players walk through the level, they are stopped by groups of enemies who must be defeated before they're able to continue.[24] The level ends when all the enemies are defeated. Each level contains many identical groups of enemies,[21][25] making these games notable for their repetition.[21][26] In beat 'em up games, players often fight a boss—an enemy much stronger than the other enemies—at the end of each level.[5][27]

Beat 'em ups often allow the player to choose between a selection of protagonists—each with their own strengths, weaknesses, and set of moves.[5][20][22][28] The combat system typically tends to be more highly developed than other side-scrolling action games.[29] Attacks can include rapid combinations of basic attacks (combos) as well as jumping and grappling attacks.[5][28] Characters often have their own special attacks, which leads to different strategies depending on which character the player selects.[30] The control system is usually simple to learn, often comprising just two attack buttons. These buttons can be combined to pull off combos, as well as jumping and grappling attacks.[5][28] Since the release of Double Dragon, many beat 'em ups have allowed two players to play the game cooperatively—a central aspect to the appeal of these games.[5][18][20][28][31] Beat 'em ups are more likely to feature cooperative play than other game genres.[32]

Sub-genres

edit

The beat 'em up or brawler genre includes several sub-genres:

History

edit

Beat 'em up games have origins in martial arts films, particularly Bruce Lee's Hong Kong martial arts films. Lee's Game of Death (1972) inspired the basic structure of a beat 'em up, with Lee ascending five levels of a pagoda while fighting numerous enemies and several boss battles along the way,[54] while another Lee film Enter the Dragon (1973) also influenced the genre.[55][29] The first video game to feature fist fighting was Sega's arcade boxing game Heavyweight Champ (1976),[11] which is viewed from a side-view perspective like later fighting games.[56] However, it was Data East's fighting game Karate Champ (1984) which popularized martial arts themed games.[11]

Earliest beat 'em ups (mid-1980s)

edit

Kung-Fu Master (known as Spartan X in Japan), designed by Takashi Nishiyama and released by Irem in 1984, laid the foundations for side-scrolling beat 'em ups. It simplified the combat system of Karate Champ, while adding numerous enemies along a side-scrolling playfield. The game was based on two Hong Kong martial arts films: Jackie Chan's Wheels on Meals (1984), known as Spartan X in Japan (where the game was a tie-in), and Bruce Lee's Game of Death,[11][57] the latter inspiring the five end-of-level boss fights[54] and the plot structure, variations of which were used in subsequent scrolling beat 'em ups.[58] Nishiyama, who had previously created the side-scrolling shooter Moon Patrol (1982), combined a shoot 'em up gameplay rhythm with fighting elements when he designed Kung-Fu Master.[59] The game was also distinctive for its use of health meters, for both the player character and each boss.[29] Another 1984 release, Bruce Lee, combined multi-player, multi-character combat with traditional collecting, platform and puzzle gameplay.[60][61] Later that year, Karateka combined the one-on-one fight sequences of Karate Champ with the freedom of movement in Kung-Fu Master, and it successfully experimented with adding plot to its fighting action. It was also among the first martial arts games to be successfully developed for and ported across different home systems.[11] Sega's My Hero (1985) adopted the gameplay format of Kung-Fu Master, but changing the more traditional martial arts setting to a more contemporary urban city environment with street gangs.[33][62]

Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-kun, developed by Technōs Japan and released in 1986 in Japan, introduced the belt scroll format, allowing both vertical and horizontal movement along a side-scrolling environment,[36][33] while also popularizing street brawling in the genre.[18] Created by Yoshihisa Kishimoto, game was inspired by his own teenage high school years getting into daily fights, along with Bruce Lee's martial arts film Enter the Dragon.[55][29] The Western adaptation Renegade (released the same year) added an underworld revenge plot that proved more popular with gamers than the principled combat sport of other martial arts games.[18] Renegade set the standard for future beat 'em up games as it introduced the ability to move both horizontally and vertically.[63] It also introduced the use of combo attacks; in contrast to earlier games, the opponents in Renegade and Double Dragon could take much more punishment, requiring a succession of punches, with the first hit temporarily immobilizing the enemy, making him unable to defend himself against successive punches.[64] Rather than one-hit kills, the player needed to hit enemies multiple times, "beating them up," in order to defeat them. Compared to earlier side-scrollers, the environment was expanded to a scrolling arena-like space, while the combat system was more highly developed, with the player able to punch, kick, grab, charge, throw and stomp enemies.[29]

Mainstream success (late 1980s to early 1990s)

edit

In 1987, the release of Double Dragon, designed as Technōs Japan's spiritual successor to Kunio-kun (Renegade),[18][55] ushered in a "golden age" for the beat 'em up genre that took it to new heights with its detailed set of martial arts attacks and its outstanding two-player cooperative gameplay.[18][65] It also had a continuous side-scrolling world, in contrast to the bounded scrolling arenas of Kunio-kun, giving Double Dragon a sense of progression, along with the use of cut scenes to give it a cinematic look and feel.[55][29] Like Kunio-kun, the game's combat system drew inspiration from the Bruce Lee film Enter the Dragon, while Double Dragon added a new disaster-ridden city setting inspired by the Mad Max films and Fist of the North Star manga and anime series.[55] Double Dragon became Japan's third highest-grossing table arcade game of 1987,[66] before becoming America's overall highest-grossing dedicated arcade game for two years in a row, in 1988[67] and 1989.[68]

Double Dragon's success resulted in a flood of beat 'em ups in the late 1980s,[65] where acclaimed titles such as Golden Axe and Final Fight (both 1989) distinguished themselves from the others.[18] Final Fight was Capcom's intended sequel to Street Fighter (provisionally titled Street Fighter '89),[69] but the company ultimately gave it a new title.[70] In contrast to the simple combo attacks in Renegade and Double Dragon, the combo attacks in Final Fight were much more dynamic, and the sprites were much larger.[64] Acclaimed as the best game in the genre,[5][71] Final Fight spawned two home sequels and was later ported to other systems.[70] Golden Axe was acclaimed for its visceral hack and slash action and cooperative mode and was influential through its selection of multiple protagonists with distinct fighting styles.[20] It is considered one of the strongest beat 'em up titles for its fantasy elements, distinguishing it from the urban settings seen in other beat 'em ups.[21] Bad Dudes Vs. DragonNinja featured platform elements, while P.O.W.: Prisoners of War took the weapon aspect a stage further, allowing the players to pick up guns. Another beat 'em up—River City Ransom (1989), named Street Gangs in Europe—featured role-playing game elements with which the player's character could be upgraded, using money stolen from defeated enemies.[72][73]

The Streets of Rage series was launched in the early 1990s and borrowed heavily from Final Fight.[74] Streets of Rage 2 (1992) for Sega's Mega Drive/Genesis was one of the first console games to match the acclaim of arcade beat 'em ups.[18] Its level design was praised for taking traditional beat 'em up settings and stringing them together in novel ways,[74] and its success led to it being ported to arcades.[18] The beat 'em up was also a popular genre for video games based on television series and movies, with Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Batman Returns a surprise success,[18] and encouraged many more beat 'em up games based on the characters.[75] Taito's arcade game Riding Fight (1992) combined beat 'em up gameplay with a pseudo-3D chase view and hoverboard racing gameplay.[76][77] The "golden age" of the genre eventually came to an end during the early 1990s, following the success of Capcom's Street Fighter II (1991) which drew gamers back towards one-on-one fighting games, while the subsequent emerging popularity of 3D video games in the late 1990s diminished the popularity of 2D-based pugilistic games in general.[18][65]

Another notable game from this era is Gang Wars, released in 1989.

Transition to 3D (late 1990s to early 2000s)

edit

Sega's Die Hard Arcade (1996) was the first beat 'em up to use texture-mapped 3D polygon graphics,[78] and it used a sophisticated move set likened to a fighting game.[79] It updated the Streets of Rage formula to 3D, while implementing moves and combos from the fighting game Virtua Fighter 2 (1994), the ability to combine weapons to create more powerful weapons, and in two-player mode the ability to perform combined special moves and combos.[80] It also had cut scenes,[81] with quick time events interspersed between scenes.[82] The game achieved a certain degree of success,[29] and entered the Japanese arcade earnings charts at number-two in August 1996.[83] Core Design's Fighting Force (1997) was anticipated to redefine the genre for 32-bit consoles through its use of a 3D environment. However, it was met with a lukewarm reception.[22] The beat 'em up genre declined in the late 1990s, largely disappearing from arcades by the end of the decade.[29]

In 2000, Squaresoft published The Bouncer (2000), developed by DreamFactory and designed by former Virtua Fighter designer Seiichi Ishii, for the PlayStation 2 console. It was an ambitious project that attempted to deliver a cinematic, story-driven beat 'em up, combining 3D beat 'em up gameplay with action role-playing game elements, cinematic cutscenes, high production values and an "Active Character Selection" system where choices alter the storyline. It was highly anticipated due to Squaresoft's reputation with Japanese role-playing games such as Final Fantasy, but was met with a mixed reception upon release.[84] The same year, Italian studio NAPS team released Gekido: Urban Fighters for the PlayStation console, which uses a fast-paced beat 'em up system, with many bosses and a colorful design in terms of graphics.[85]

In the early 2000s, game reviewers started to pronounce that the genre had died off.[21] By 2002, there were virtually no new beat 'em ups being released in arcades.[86]

3D hack-and-slash games (early 2000s to present)

edit
See also: Hack and slash

After 2000, the beat 'em up genre began seeing a revival in the form of popular 3D hack and slash games in the style of Devil May Cry (2001 onwards), including Onimusha, Ninja Gaiden (2004 onwards), God of War (2005 onwards), God Hand (2006), Heavenly Sword (2007), Afro Samurai (2009),[87] and Bayonetta (2009).[88] Featuring a more fantasy themed approach, with longer campaigns and the variety seen before in multiple characters now being present in the one and only main character. Giving the player multiple weapons and movesets based on a variety of martial arts and different weapons. These games are also known as "character action" games, which represent an evolution of traditional arcade action games. The subgenre was largely defined by Hideki Kamiya, creator of Devil May Cry and Bayonetta.[45]

A best-selling Japanese series is the Dynasty Warriors series,[89] which beginning with Dynasty Warriors 2 (2000) offered beat 'em up action on large 3D battlefields with war strategy game elements, displaying dozens of characters on the screen at a time.[23][90] The series to date spans 14 games (including expansions) which players in the West view as overly similar, although the games' creators claim their large audience in Japan appreciates the subtle differences between the titles.[19][91] While critics saw Dynasty Warriors 2 as innovative and technically impressive,[19][23] they held a mixed opinion of later titles. These later games received praise for simple, enjoyable gameplay but were simultaneously derided as overly simplistic and repetitive.[19][92]

Traditional beat 'em ups (early 2000s to present)

edit
 
Zeno Clash (2009) features beat 'em up gameplay from a first-person perspective.

On the urban-themed side of the genre was the Yakuza series (2005 debut), which combined elaborate crime thriller plots and detailed interactive environments with street brawling action.[93] Rockstar Games' The Warriors (based on the 1979 movie of the same name), released in 2005, featured large scale brawling in 3D environments interspersed with other activities such as chase sequences.[94] The game also featured a more traditional side-scrolling beat 'em up Armies of the Night as bonus content, which was acclaimed along with the main game and was later released on the PlayStation Portable.[94][95]

 
Guacamelee! (2013) is a brawling-based game based on luchadors fashioned after a Metroid-style adventure game.

Capcom's Viewtiful Joe (2003), directed by Devil May Cry creator Hideki Kamiya, used cel-shaded graphics and innovative gameplay features (such as the protagonist's special powers) to "reinvigorate" its traditional 2D scrolling formula.[96] Releases such as God Hand in 2006 and MadWorld in 2009 were seen as parodies of violence in popular culture, earning both games praise for not taking themselves as seriously as early beat 'em up games.[26][97] Classic beat 'em ups have been re-released on services such as the Virtual Console and Xbox Live Arcade; critics reaffirmed the appeal of some,[5][20][72] while the appeal of others has been deemed to have diminished with time.[28] Although the genre lacks the same presence it did in the late 1980s, some titles such as Viewtiful Joe and God Hand kept the traditional beat 'em up genre alive.[98]

The traditional 2D beat 'em up genre has seen a resurgence in Asia, where the South Korean online beat 'em up Dungeon Fighter Online (2004) is very popular. Dungeon Fighter Online has become one of the most-played and highest-grossing games of all time, having grossed over $10 billion.[99] Other traditional 2D scrolling beat 'em ups were released on Xbox Live Arcade and PlayStation Network including The Behemoth's Castle Crashers (2008), featuring cartoon graphics, quirky humor, and acclaimed cooperative gameplay,[100] The Dishwasher: Vampire Smile (2011), Double Dragon Neon (2012) and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World: The Game (2010).[101]

Fable Heroes (2012) is an Xbox Live Arcade only title released in 2012.[102] Saints Row IV (2013) featured a parody of Streets Of Rage entitled "Saints Of Rage", where the player rescues Johnny Gat from a virtual prison. Dragon's Crown (2013) is a 2D fantasy game with a mix of beat 'em up and ARPG elements that were specifically inspired by Golden Axe and Dungeons & Dragons: Tower of Doom.[103] Streets of Rage 4 (2020) was also released to critical acclaim and has renewed interested in both the series and genre.[104] Dragon's Crown sold over a million copies by 2017,[105] while Streets of Rage 4 has sold over 2.5 million copies as of April 2021.[106] Also other well known classic franchises gained new titles such as Battletoads (2020) and The Ninja Saviors: Return of the Warriors (2019) and River City Girls (2019).

The beat 'em up genre has also seen a resurgence within indie game development, resulting in unique titles such as DrinkBox Studios' 2013 indie title Guacamelee! and its 2018 sequel, which are both noted for their hybrid 2D Metroidvania-style platform brawler gameplay.[107][108] Other indie titles are The Takeover (2019), Ninjin: Clash of Carrots (2018), and the critically acclaimed Fight'N Rage (2017).[109]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Perron, Yolande (2012). Office québécois de la langue française (ed.). "Vocabulaire du jeu vidéo" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-06-13. Retrieved 2015-08-31.
  2. ^ Hawken, Kieren (16 February 2017). The A-Z of Atari 2600 Games: Volume 1. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 9781785386428. Retrieved 2 March 2018 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "First side-scrolling beat-em-up". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  4. ^ Thomas, Lucas M., Justice League Heroes: The Flash, Yahoo! Games, Oct 27, 2007, Accessed Mar 22, 2009
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Navarro, Alex, Final Fight Review Archived 2009-07-07 at the Wayback Machine, GameSpot, May 10, 2007, Accessed Mar 21 2009
  6. ^ Davis, Ryan, The Hulk (Xbox) Archived 2013-10-14 at the Wayback Machine, CNET, May 5, 2003. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  7. ^ Ellis, David, MadWorld Review for the Wii Archived 2009-03-26 at the Wayback Machine, 1UP, March 10, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  8. ^ Ashcraft, Brian, (2008) Arcade Mania! The Turbo-Charged World of Japan's Games Centers, Kodansha International, p. 159
  9. ^ Navarro, Alex, McFarlane's Evil Prophecy Game (PS2) Archived 2013-10-15 at the Wayback Machine, CNET, June 15, 2004, Accessed Mar 27, 2009
  10. ^ Navarro, Alex, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Xbox 360) Archived 2013-10-15 at the Wayback Machine, CNET, Mar 14, 2007, Accessed Mar 27, 2009
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Spencer, Spanner, The Tao of Beat-'em-ups Archived 2012-02-19 at the Wayback Machine, Eurogamer, Feb 6, 2008, Accessed Mar 18, 2009
  12. ^ Anon. (May 3, 2006). "E3 Feature: Fighting Games Focus". Edge. Future plc. Archived from the original on April 4, 2013. Retrieved 2015-01-11.
  13. ^ Wales, Matt, Super Smash Bros. Brawl UK Review Archived 2008-10-16 at the Wayback Machine, IGN, June 8, 2008. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  14. ^ "Street Fighter 2, The Ultimate Players Guide" (PDF). Mean Machines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-05-20. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
  15. ^ a b "Final Fight – Super Nintendo – Mean Machines review". Meanmachinesmag.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  16. ^ Leone, Matt (March 1, 2021). "Street Fighter: The Movie: The game: An oral history". Polygon. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  17. ^ "Play Test: Soul Blade". Official UK PlayStation Magazine (Platinum Special): 82–5. 1999.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Spencer, Spanner, The Tao of Beat-'em-ups (part 2) Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine, EuroGamer, Feb 12, 2008, Accessed Mar 18, 2009
  19. ^ a b c d Fitch, Andy, Dynasty Warriors 6 (Xbox 360), 1UP, Mar 7, 2008, Accessed Mar 19, 2009
  20. ^ a b c d e Kasavin, Greg, Golden Axe Review Archived 2007-01-28 at the Wayback Machine, GameSpot, Dec 1, 2006, Accessed Mar 19, 2009
  21. ^ a b c d e Cassidy, William, Hall of Fame: Golden Axe Archived 2009-08-18 at the Wayback Machine, GameSpy, June 8, 2003. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  22. ^ a b c Gerstmann, Jeff, Fighting Force Review, GameSpot, Dec 1, 1997, Accessed Mar 19, 2009
  23. ^ a b c Sato, Ike, Dynasty Warriors 2 Review, GameSpot, Aug 17, 2000, Accessed Mar 19, 2009
  24. ^ Nguyen, Thierry, Watchmen: The End is Nigh (PS3) Archived 2009-03-24 at the Wayback Machine, 1UP, Mar 4, 2009, Mar 26, 2009
  25. ^ Fudge, James, X-Men: The Official Game Archived December 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Xploder June 13, 2006. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  26. ^ a b McGarvery, Sterling, Review – MadWorld (Wii) Archived 2012-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, GameSpy, Mar 10, 2009, Accessed Mar 24, 2009
  27. ^ Ramachandran, Ryan, Gamasutra Opinion: Boss Design – Trial & Punishment Archived 2014-02-18 at the Wayback Machine, GamaSutra, June 17, 2008. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  28. ^ a b c d e Perry, Douglass C., Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 1989 Arcade Review Archived 2010-09-26 at the Wayback Machine, IGN, Mar 14, 2007, Accessed Mar 22, 2009
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design and Interaction. CRC Press. pp. 143–6. ISBN 978-1-317-50381-1.
  30. ^ The Death and Return of Superman Archived August 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, UGO, 2006, Accessed Mar 27, 2009
  31. ^ Staff, Game Help Editors' Picks Co-Op Games Archived 2012-08-27 at the Wayback Machine, IGN, June 13, 2005. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  32. ^ Cifaldi, Frank, The Quantum Leap Awards: The Most Important Multiplayer Games of All Time Archived 2014-02-18 at the Wayback Machine, GamaSutra, Feb 2, 2007. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  33. ^ a b c Plasket, Michael (May 4, 2017). "My Hero". Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  34. ^ "The Unconverted". Retro Gamer. 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021 – via PressReader.
  35. ^ Bramwell, Tom (October 13, 2003). "Viewtiful Joe". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  36. ^ a b "人気キャラクターの原点にしてベルトスクロールアクションの始祖「熱血硬派くにおくん」" [The origin of the popular character, the founder of the belt scroll action "Kunio-kun"]. IGCC (in Japanese). Institute of Game Culture Convervation (IGCC). 25 April 2019. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  37. ^ "名作ベルトスクロールアクション7本を収録した『カプコン ベルトアクション コレクション』DL版本日配信！" ["Capcom Belt Action Collection" DL version containing 7 masterpiece belt scroll action games delivered today!]. PlayStation (in Japanese). Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc. 20 September 2018. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  38. ^ "約22年の時を経て，名作ベルトアクション「アイアンコマンドー 鋼鉄の戦士」がSFC/SFC互換機向けに発売決定。11月30日にリリースへ" [After about 22 years, the masterpiece belt action "Iron Commando Steel Warrior" will be released for SFC / SFC compatible machines. To be released on November 30th]. 4Gamer.net (in Japanese). Aetas, Inc. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  39. ^ a b c d e f "Complete Games Guide". Mean Machines. No. 20 (28 April 1992). May 1992. pp. 6, 14, 18, 20, 22, 26.
  40. ^ a b Gass, Zach (11 May 2020). "10 Awesome Hack and Slash Games That Aren't God of War". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  41. ^ Greg Kasavin (2006-11-30). "Golden Axe Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2009-02-04. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  42. ^ Patrick Shaw (2008-05-16). "Golden Axe: Beast Rider". GamePro. Archived from the original on 2008-10-17. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  43. ^ Reed, Kristan (4 January 2007). "Taito Legends Power-Up". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  44. ^ Weiss, Brett (9 July 2018). Classic Home Video Games, 1989-1990: A Complete Guide to Sega Genesis, Neo Geo and TurboGrafx-16 Games. McFarland & Company. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-7864-9231-2. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  45. ^ a b Hovermale, Chris (2019-03-10). "How Devil May Cry's arcade inspirations shaped character action games". Destructoid. Archived from the original on 2021-05-18. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  46. ^ Is Dante's Inferno Divine or a Comedy of Errors?, UGO Networks, February 9, 2010
  47. ^ Heavenly Sword Review Archived 2013-11-05 at the Wayback Machine, VideoGamer.com, 04/09/2007
  48. ^ "Die Hard Arcade review". Die Hard Arcade review. Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  49. ^ "Yakuza Review for PS2 from 1UP.com". November 7, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-07.
  50. ^ "Fighting Force Review". Archived from the original on 2021-08-07. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
  51. ^ "The Bouncer Review". Archived from the original on 2021-08-07. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
  52. ^ "GameSpy: Divine Fist - Page 1". ps2.gamespy.com. Archived from the original on 2009-04-03. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
  53. ^ "10 Once-Prominent Game Genres That Have All But Died". CBR. July 19, 2021. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  54. ^ a b Stuart, Keith (9 April 2014). "Bruce Lee, UFC and why the martial arts star is a video game hero". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  55. ^ a b c d e Leone, Matt (12 October 2012). "The man who created Double Dragon". Polygon. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  56. ^ Nadia Oxford, 20 Years of Street Fighter Archived 2012-12-06 at archive.today, 1UP.com, 12/11/2007
  57. ^ Kunkel, Bill; Worley, Joyce; Katz, Arnie, "The Furious Fists of Sega!", Archived May 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Computer Gaming World, Oct 1988, pp. 48-49
  58. ^ Fox, Matt (3 January 2013). The Video Games Guide: 1,000+ Arcade, Console and Computer Games, 1962-2012 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Company. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-7864-7257-4.
  59. ^ Okamoto, Yoshiki; Nishiyama, Takashi. "[ENG SUB] A Talk Between the Creators of Street Fighter and Fatal Fury: KOF (Takashi Nishiyama)". 世界の岡本吉起Ch (in Japanese). YouTube. Event occurs at 1:40. Archived from the original on 2021-11-16. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  60. ^ "Bruce Lee review". CRASH (16). May 1985. Archived from the original on 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
  61. ^ Edgely, Clare (May 1985). "Spectrum Software Scene 2". Sinclair User (38). Archived from the original on 2007-11-05. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
  62. ^ Roberts, Mike; Phipps, Steve (October 1985). "Coin-Op Connection". Computer Gamer. No. 7. United Kingdom: Argus Press. pp. 18–9.
  63. ^ Evolution of a Genre: Beat 'Em Ups Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine, ABC Television, Nov 6, 2007. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  64. ^ a b Jess Ragan (2006-06-15). "Playing With Power". 1UP.com. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2011-02-25.
  65. ^ a b c Cassidy, William, Hall of Fame: Double Dragon Archived 2009-08-18 at the Wayback Machine, Gamespy, Jan 5, 2003, Accessed, March 24, 2009
  66. ^ "87' ゲーメスト大賞" [87' Gamest Awards]. Gamest (in Japanese). Vol. 17 (February 1988). December 28, 1987. pp. 26–38. alternate url Archived 2021-09-03 at the Wayback Machine
  67. ^ "Coin Machine: AMOA Jukebox, Games & Cig Vending Awards Winners". Cash Box. November 26, 1988. p. 30.
  68. ^ "AMOA Jukebox, Games & Cigarette Vending Awards Winners". Cash Box. Cash Box Pub. Co. 1989-09-30. p. 36.
  69. ^ Did You Know? Volume 1: Street Fighter '89, Capcom, Accessed Aug 17, 2009
  70. ^ a b Kalata, Kurt, Final Fight Archived 2014-01-01 at the Wayback Machine, Hardcore Gaming 101, Accessed Feb 04, 2010
  71. ^ Ashcraft, Brian, Clip: Top Ten Beat 'Em Ups Archived 2009-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, Kotaku, Mar 16, 2007, Accessed Mar 21, 2009
  72. ^ a b "Rated Wii Shop", Nintendo: The Official Magazine, September 2008 (issue 33), p. 129
  73. ^ IGN's Top 100 Games Archived February 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, IGN, Accessed Mar 22, 2009
  74. ^ a b Cassidy, William, Hall of Fame: Streets of Rage Archived August 18, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, GameSpy, Sept 23, 2003, Accessed Mar 24, 2009
  75. ^ "TMNT Games". 1up.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
  76. ^ "Riding Fight - Videogame by Taito". Killer List of Videogames. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  77. ^ "Video Game Flyers: Riding Fight, Taito". The Arcade Flyer Archive. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  78. ^ Webb, Marcus (August 1996). "Up and Coming Coin-Ops". Next Generation. No. 20. Imagine Media. p. 18.
  79. ^ Leadbetter, Rich (March 1997). "Rage Hard!". Sega Saturn Magazine. No. 17. Emap International Limited. pp. 46–49.
  80. ^ "New Games: Die Hard Arcade". Computer and Video Games. No. 179 (October 1996). 9 September 1996. p. 96.
  81. ^ "Preview: Die Hard Arcade". Sega Saturn Magazine. No. 16. Emap International Limited. February 1997. pp. 24–27.
  82. ^ "Return of the McClane". Sega Saturn Magazine. No. 12. Emap International Limited. October 1996. pp. 86–89.
  83. ^ "Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25 - TVゲーム機ーソフトウェア (Video Game Software)". Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 524. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 August 1996. p. 21.
  84. ^ Barbato, Steven (September 8, 2020). "Bouncer, The". Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  85. ^ "NextGen 67 Jul 2000". July 2000.
  86. ^ Epperson, Justin, Die Hard Arcade EX: Asian Dynamite (Arcade)[permanent dead link‍], 1UP, Feb 17, 2007, Accessed Mar 26, 2009
  87. ^ Arnold Katayev (2009-01-31). "Afro Samurai Review". PSX Extreme. Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  88. ^ Jeff Bakalar, Scott Stein and Dan Ackerman (January 4, 2010). "Bad hair day: Bayonetta hands-on". Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  89. ^ Jenkins, David, Japanese Charts: Yakuza 3 And Dynasty Warriors: Strikeforce Lead Busy Week Archived 2014-02-19 at the Wayback Machine, GamaSutra, Mar 5, 2009, Accessed Mar 19, 2009
  90. ^ Villoria, Gerald, Dynasty Warriors 3 ReviewArchived September 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, GameSpot, Dec 18, 2001, Accessed Mar 19, 2009
  91. ^ Nutt, Christian, Interview: How Koei Aims For Western Audiences Archived 2014-02-19 at the Wayback Machine, GamaSutra, Dec 8, 2008, Mar 19, 2009
  92. ^ Ramsey, Randolph, Dynasty Warriors 6 Review, GameSpot, Mar 28, 2008, Accessed Mar 18, 2009
  93. ^ Stanton, Rich, "Yakuza 2", Official Playstation Magazine UK, Nov 2008 (issue 24), pp. 108-09
  94. ^ a b Navarro, Alex, The Warriors Review Archived April 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, GameSpot, Oct 21, 2005, Accessed Mar 22, 2009
  95. ^ Cundy, Matt, Rockstar's retro beat-'em-up revealed Archived 2016-03-13 at the Wayback Machine, GamesRadar, Jan 24, 2007, Accessed Mar 22, 2009
  96. ^ Bramwell, Tom Viewtiful Joe Archived 2008-12-29 at the Wayback Machine, EuroGamer, Oct 13, 2003, Accessed Mar 19, 2009
  97. ^ Barnholt, Ray, God Hand Preview, 1UP, July 17, 2006, Accessed Mar 26, 2009
  98. ^ "Clover Studios Wilts and Dies", GameAxis Unwired, Nov 2006, p. 8
  99. ^ "Dungeon Fighter Online gross lifetime revenue exceeds $10bn". GamesIndustry.biz. 21 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  100. ^ Francis, Don, Castle Crashers Review Archived December 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, GameSpot, Aug 28, 2008, Accessed Mar 26, 2009
  101. ^ Chris Kohler (July 22, 2010). "The Gamer's Guide to Comic-Con 2010". Wired. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  102. ^ Good, Owen S. (December 22, 2020). "Xbox Games With Gold gave us few options to consider in 2020". Polygon. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  103. ^ "Review: Dragon's Crown". July 31, 2013. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  104. ^ "Streets Of Rage 4 Review - The Beat-'Em-Up Boys Are Back In Town". Archived from the original on 2020-11-03. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
  105. ^ 『ドラゴンズクラウン・プロ』PS4で完成度に磨きがかかったゲーム内容が公開. Famitsu (in Japanese). 2017-09-29. Archived from the original on 2019-12-14. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  106. ^ Romano, Sal (April 8, 2021). "Streets of Rage 4 DLC 'Mr. X Nightmare' and free update announced; downloads top 2.5 million". Gematsu. Archived from the original on September 19, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  107. ^ "Guacamelee! Review - IGN". 8 April 2013. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021 – via www.ign.com.
  108. ^ "Guacamelee! 2 Brings Pollo Power to PS4 August 21". July 24, 2018. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
  109. ^ "Fight'N Rage". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 2021-07-26. Retrieved 2021-09-06.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beat_%27em_up&oldid=1256240346"