The Beechcraft Model 76 Duchess is an American twin-engined monoplane built by Beechcraft intended partly as a low cost introduction to twin-engine aircraft.[1][2]
| Model 76 Duchess | |
|---|---|
 A Beech 76 Duchess on final approach | |
| General information | |
| Type | Four-seat cabin monoplane |
| Manufacturer | Beechcraft |
| Primary user | Flight schools[1] |
| Number built | 437 |
| History | |
| Manufactured | 1978-1983 |
| Introduction date | 1978[1] |
| First flight | September 1974[1] |
| Developed from | Beechcraft Sierra |
Development
editDeveloped as Model PD289 (Preliminary Design 289), the prototype was unveiled on November 4, 1974, although it had first flown in September 1974.[1][3]: 409–410 The Model 76 was designed as an economical twin-engine trainer for the Beech Aero Centers and to compete with the similar Gulfstream Cougar as well as the Cessna 310.[1][4]
The first production version flew on 24 May 1977, and the name "Duchess" was chosen through a company competition.[1][3] Construction of the Duchess was set for a new factory built at the Liberal Division,[5] with deliveries beginning early in 1978.[3]: 473
Production of the Duchess continued until 1983, with no significant changes.[6] A single example was tested with turbocharged engines in 1979, but did not proceed to production.[7]: 56
Design
editThe Duchess is an all-metal low-wing monoplane with retractable tricycle landing gear and a T-tail. It seats four.[8] The design used components and the bonded wing construction from Beechcraft's single-engined Musketeer line.[7]: 55 The basic fuselage and wing structure was adapted from the Model 24 Sierra, a Musketeer variant with retractable landing gear, but the Sierra wing spar was redesigned to support the added weight of the engines.[9] Nose landing gear from the A36 Bonanza was used.[9]
The Model 76 incorporates right and left "handed" Lycoming O-360 engines that rotate in opposing directions to eliminate the critical engine during single engine operation.[10]
In 1979, a single example was converted to test the turbocharged versions of the engine. The cowlings were reshaped and the exhaust moved to accommodate the aft-mounted turbochargers.[7]: 56
The Duchess wing is of aluminum honeycomb construction fastened by bonding, rather than rivets, to reduce cost and produce a smoother aerodynamic surface.[10]
T-tail
editThe use of a T-tail on the Model 76 met with mixed critical reception when the aircraft was introduced. Plane & Pilot pronounced: "Outstanding design characteristics of the new Duchess include an aerodynamically advantageous T-tail, which places the horizontal surfaces above the propeller slipstream for better stability and handling.",[10] while Gerald Foster said: "[Beechcraft's] interest in T-tails was perhaps an affectation triggered by their wide use on jet airliners".[11] AVweb wrote that Beechcraft adopted the T-tail after flight tests revealed that the initially used conventional horizontal stabilizer was too small and suffered from buffeting problems, increasing noise and vibration during flight; moving the horizontal stabilizer out of the propeller slipstream eliminated the buffeting and the need for enlargement while adding only 15 pounds (6.8 kg) of weight.[9] Additionally, the T-tail design moved the stabilizer rearward, increasing its effectiveness and giving the aircraft a broader center of gravity range.[9] The later Piper Seminole also adopted a T-tail.[9]
Variants
edit- Model 76 Duchess
- Four-seat, twin-engine (Lycoming O-360), low-winged trainer with bonded aluminum construction.
- Model 76TC Duchess
- Unofficial designation for single test aircraft using turbocharged Lycoming O-360.
Operators
editThe aircraft remains popular with flight training schools.
- Beechcraft - Tested one Duchess to investigate its spin recovery characteristics in conjunction with NASA.[12]
- National Test Pilot School - Operates one Duchess.[13]
- Purdue University - Uses a Duchess modified with air sampling equipment as Airborne Laboratory Atmospheric Research (ALAR).[14]
- Scaled Composites - Uses one Duchess as a test aircraft.[15][16]
Specifications
edit
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1980–81.[17]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Capacity: 3 passengers
- Length: 29 ft 0+1⁄2 in (8.85 m)
- Wingspan: 38 ft 0 in (11.58 m)
- Height: 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m)
- Wing area: 181 sq ft (16.8 m2)
- Aspect ratio: 7.973:1
- Airfoil: NACA 632A415
- Empty weight: 2,460 lb (1,116 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 3,900 lb (1,769 kg)
- Fuel capacity: 100 US gal (83 imp gal; 380 L)
- Powerplant: 2 × Lycoming O-360-A1G6D air-cooled flat-four engines, 180 hp (130 kW) each
- Propellers: 2-bladed Hartzell HC-M2YR-2C(L)EUF/F(J)C 7666A constant speed propellers
Performance
- Cruise speed: 158 kn (182 mph, 293 km/h) at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
- Stall speed: 60 kn (69 mph, 110 km/h) power off, flaps down, IAS
- Never exceed speed: 171 kn (197 mph, 317 km/h)
- Range: 780 nmi (900 mi, 1,440 km) at 12,000 ft (3,700 m), econ cruise
- Service ceiling: 19,650 ft (5,990 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,248 ft/min (6.34 m/s)
See also
editRelated development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Green, William: Observers Aircraft, page 48. Frederick Warne Publishing, 1980. ISBN 0-7232-1604-5
- ^ Collins, Richard L. (February 5, 2008). "What Happened to the Piston Twin?". Flying. Bonnier Corporation. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
- ^ a b c McDaniel, William H. (1982). The History of Beech: Fifty Years of Excellence. Wichita, Kansas: McCormick-Armstrong Co. ISBN 0-911978-00-3.
- ^ Phillips, Edward (June 8, 2017). "The "Baby Beechcraft" - Part Two". KingAir Magazine.
- ^ "To provide increased final assembly facilities". Aviation Week & Space Technology: 15. December 20, 1976.
- ^ "Beech Plans to Close Plant at Liberal, Kan". Aviation Week & Space Technology: 27. February 18, 1985.
- ^ a b c Phillips, Edward H. (1992). Beechcraft: Pursuit of Perfection (2nd ed.). Eagan, Minnesota: Flying Books. ISBN 0-911139-11-7.
- ^ Frawley, Gerard (2003). The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004. Fyshwick, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd. p. 41. ISBN 1-875671-58-7.
- ^ a b c d e "Beechcraft Duchess". avweb.com. August 5, 2005. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ^ a b c Plane and Pilot: 1978 Aircraft Directory, page 84. Werner & Werner Corp, Santa Monica CA, 1977. ISBN 0-918312-00-0
- ^ Montgomery, MR & Gerald Foster: A Field Guide to Airplanes, Second Edition, page 92. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. ISBN 0-395-62888-1
- ^ Stowell, Rick (2007). The Light Airplane Pilot's Guide to Stall/spin Awareness: Featuring the PARE Spin Recovery Checklsit. Rich Stowell, Master CFI-A. p. 447. ISBN 9781879425439.
- ^ "Beech 76A Duchess". NTPS. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
- ^ "Army Instrumentation Facility: Airborne Laboratory Atmospheric Research (ALAR)". Purdue University. Archived from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
- ^ "Rutan Voyager". Smithsonian: National Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
- ^ "Scaled Composites: SpaceShipOne" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2016. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
- ^ Taylor 1980, pp. 268–269.
- Taylor, John W. R. (1980). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1980–81. London: Jane's Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7106-0705-9.
External links
edit